专题14 必修3 Unit 2-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(讲)(含答案解析).docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第 14 讲 必修 3 Unit 2 Health eating讲【核心素养分析】语言知识:要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1 .考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目项目项目单词及其词性变化(语法填空必备)1. dietn.日常饮食vi.节食balance vt.平衡;权衡n.天平;平衡balanced adj.均衡的fry vt. & vi.油煎;油炸curiosity n.好奇心一curious adj.好奇的2. raw adj.生的;未加工的lievi.说谎;n.谎话; 谎言一liar n.说谎者customer n.顾客;消费者d

2、iscount n.折扣3. weakness n.缺点;虚弱;弱点一weak adj墟弱的一weaken v.使变弱 重点单词strength n.力;力量;强项;长处一strengthen v.加强,强化consult vt.咨询;请教;商量digest v.消化,吸收n.消化,吸收;文摘,摘要digestion n.消化力,领悟4. debt n.债;债务glare vi,怒目而视;闪耀n.怒视;眩目的光limit n.界限;限度vt.限制;限定-limited adj.有限的benefit n.利益;好处vt. & vi.有益于;有助于;受益benefcial adj.有利的,有益的5

3、. sigh vi.叹息;叹气n.叹息;叹息声combine vt. & vi.(使)联合;(使)结合一combination n.联合,结合重点短语重点短语1. be/go on a diet 节食3. lose weight体重减轻;减肥5. tell a lie 说谎7. earn one living 谋生2. ought to 应当;应该4. get away with被放过;(做坏事)不受惩罚6. win.back赢回;重新获得8. in debt 欠债consultant n.会诊医生;顾问consulting adj.咨询的;顾问的consult sb. about sth.向

4、某人请教某事consult a book (a dictionary )查书(字典)consult with sb.同某人商量a consulting engineer 顾问 工程师【典例4】语法填空A firm employs my retired father as a(consult).【答案】consultant【解析】考查名词。句意:一家公司雇用我退休的父亲做顾问。由a修饰用名词,指顾问。故填consultant.1. The experts consulted each other about how to reduce the loss caused by the earthqu

5、ake.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。句意:这些专家在一起商量如何减少地震导致的损失。由空格后的each other可知,该 处应填写with构成consult with sb固定搭配,意为“商量故填with。2. (2021 全国) No decision will be made until there has been full(consult) with farmers.【答案】consultation【解析】考查名词。句意:在与农民充分协商之前,不会做出任何决定。空处作there be句型的主语,表示 “协商”,应用名词consultation,根据上文there has可知用单

6、数,故填consultation。3. (2021 全国)The company now makes much greater use of outside(consult).【答案】consultants【解析】考查名词。句意:该公司现在更多地利用了外部顾问。根据前文介词of可知,此处应用consult 的表示人的名词consultant“顾问”,由形容词outside修饰,作介词宾语,符合句意;consultant是可数名词, 零冠词可数名词复数表泛指,故用其复数形式。故填consultants。4. (2021 全国)(consultant) your doctor about how

7、much exercise you should get.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】Consult【解析】考查祈使句。句意:咨询你的医生,你应该做多少锻炼。分析句子可知,本句为祈使句,句首应 用动词原形,故填ConsultoLast night, I(consult) a dictionary and found as many names of fruits as possible.【答案】consulted【解析】考查时态。句意:昨晚,我查阅了字典,发现了尽可能多的水果的名字。分析可知,此处为句子 谓语动词,根据上文Last night可知应用一般过去时。故填consulted。5.

8、 (2021 全国)Experienced science teachers have been involved at every stage and more than 100 schools(consult).答案were consulted【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:经验丰富的科学教师参与了每个阶段,并咨询了 100多所学校。 分析可知,schools和consult之间为被动关系,且事情发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,注意主 谓一致。故填 were consultedo(江苏省如东高级中学月考)If you dont know how to use an Engli

9、sh word, the easiest way is consult) a dictionary.【答案】to consult【解析】考查动词。如果你不知道如何用英语单词,最容易的方法是查字典。不定式短语作表语飞故填to consulto(北京师大附中期中)According to Amy, the day she made that decision without (consult) Lulu, she sealed her fate.【答案】consulting【解析】句意:据艾米说,当她在没有和露露商量的情况下做出这个决定的那天,她决定了自己的命运。介词后用动名词。故填consult

10、ing。6. If your symptoms dont improve in a couple of days, I advise you (consult) a doctor.【答案】to consult【解析】consul俨咨询”。句意:如果你的症状一两天之内没有改善的话,我建议你问问医生。此处advisesb to do sth o 故填 to consulto【变式】单项选择When you are ill, you had better your doctor and follow his or her advice.A. blameB. foolC. consultD. beat

11、【答案】c【解析】考查动词辨析。当你生病时,你最好向医生咨询一下,并听从医生的建议。consult咨询,请教, 求教于;blame归咎于,指责,责备;fool愚弄,欺骗。beat跳动,接连地击打,打败,敲打。完成句子Youd better a doctor your illness.你最好找医生咨询一下你的病情。When you take a geography exam, you may,参加地理考试时,你可以查阅地图。(3) Before a decision has been made, youd better.在作决定之前,最好找你父亲商量一 下。(4) )He is his advi

12、sor.他正同他的顾问磋商事情。【答案】(1) consult about (2) consult a map (3) consult your father(4) consulting with考点5.limit n.界限;限度v.限制;限定【归纳拓展】limited adj.有限的limitless adj.无限制的limitation n.限制;限制条件,不足之处go beyond/over the limit 超过限度within limits在一定范围内;有限度的within the limits of 在的范围内without limit 无限(制)地set a limit to

13、sth.对规定限度be limited to sth.受限制于limit sth. to sth,把限定在的范围内【典例5】语法填空(2021 全国)Life is(limit), but there is no limit to serving the people.【答案】limited【解析】考查形容词。句意:生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。分析句子可知,此空是形容词作表 语,形容词limited有限的”,符合句意,故填limited。1. (2021 黑龙江哈尔滨市哈师大附中期末)I will devote my limited life to the(limit) job of

14、serving the people.【答案】limitless【解析】考查形容词。句意:我耍把有限的生命,投入到无限的为人民服务之中去。根据名词job可知此处 要用形容词,作定语,limitless“无限的符合题意。故填limitless。2. (2020江西南昌二中)There is a limit the amount of money we can spend.【答案】t。【解析】考查介词。句意:我们可以使用的钱的数量是有限制的。根据句意可知,此处考查固定搭配limit to”限 制”,故填to。3. When you are driving on this road, you hav

15、e to limit your speed 60 miles per hour.【答案】to【解析】本题考查介词。这里考查短语limitto限制在范围内。句意:当你在这条公路行驶时,你 不得不限制你的速度在每小时60公里之内。故填to。4. (2021 全国) the limits of any public park, it is unlawful to annoy any bird.【答案】Within【解析】考查介词与其它词类的搭配。句意:在任何公园的范围内,骚扰任何鸟类都是违法的。固定搭配within the limits of.(在范围内),用介词within,首字母大写。故填Wit

16、hinoApplicants are limited to(apply)for one position.【答案】applying【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:申请者仅限申请一个职位。表示“被限制做某事”为固定短语be limited to doing sth,其中to为介词,后跟动名词作宾语。故填applying。5. The conditions laid down to me were not too(limit).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】limiting【解析】考查形容词。句意:给我定的条件不太限制。表示“条件不太限制”应用形容词limiting表示“限制 的,制约的”作表语。

17、故填limiting。6. The economic affairs minister announced(limit) on petrol sales.【答案】limits【解析】考查名词复数。句意:经济部长宣布了对石油销售的限制。limit意为“限制”,为可数名词。空格 前没有冠词,所以应用可数名词复数形式。故填limits。7. (2021 全国)I should hate to(limit)within the four walls of an office all day.【答案】be limited【解析】考查动词不定式和被动。句意:我讨厌整天被限制在办公室的四面墙里。分析可知,“

18、hate to do sth, 固定短语、意为“讨厌做某事;不愿做某事“,动词不定式作宾语、所填动词“limit(限制厂与主语力”之间为被 动关系,应是动词不定式的被动形式:to be done,空前已有“to”,应填be done。故填be limited。8. Nowadays certain limit should be set on use of cars to reduce air pollution.【答案】a; the【解析】考查冠词:第一空填a, set a certain limit设定一定的限制,第二空填the,特指“汽车的使用”,句 意:现在为了减少空气污染要对汽车的使

19、用设定一定的限制。【变式】单项选择.(江苏期末)According to the newly-elected French president, Macron, France will reform the rigid and outdated rules that the development of the country in the near future.A. limitedB. had limitedC. have been limitingD. will limit【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意:据新当选的法国总统Macron,在不久的将来法国将改革那些一直在限制国 家发展

20、的僵化和过时的规则。.the rigid and outdated rules that the development of the country”在本句中the rigid and outdated rules是先行词,在定语从句中作主语;”这些僵化的和过时的规则一直在限制国 家的发展”,表示这个动作从过去一直到现在,这个动作一直在进行。所以用现在完成进行时。故选C。2. In my opinion, keeping dogs should not be banned, but to certain areas.A. to be limitedB. limitingC. to limit

21、D. limited【答案】D【解析】考查被动语态。句意:在我看来,养狗不应该被禁止,而是应该被限制在一定的区域范围内。主 语keeping dogs和limit之间是被动关系,该空和banned并列,故填limited。D选项正确。完成句子Ive 1 000 calories a day to try to lose weight.我试着减肥,限定自己每天摄入1 000卡的热量。(1) The speed on this road is 70 mph.这条路的车速限制是每小时70英里。(2) There9 s how much V m prepared to spend.我准备花多少钱是有限

22、度的。【答案】 limited myself to (2) limit (3) a limit to用limit的短语或其适当形式填空。(1) One飞energy is.一个人的精力是有限的。(2) (没有止境)what you can do if you try.如果你尝试的话,你能够做到的是没有止境的。(3) We must our weekly expenses ten pounds.我们必须把我们每周的花费限制在十英镑范围呢。(4) Only a number of places are available.只有有限的地方可以到达。【答案】(1) limited (2) There9

23、 s no limit to (3) limit; to (4) limited知识点6.curiosity n.好奇心【归纳拓展】curious adj.好奇的 curiously adv.好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇with curiosity = curiously 好奇士也be curious about sth.对某事好奇be curious to do sth.好奇地做某事【典例6】语法填空If youre(curiosity) about the history of Chinese contemporary art, you shouldnt miss Th

24、e Revival of Tradition, an ongoing show at Beijings Song Art Museum.【答案】curious【解析】考查形容词。句意:如果你对中国当代艺术的历史感兴趣,你不应该错过正在北京宋美术馆举办 的“传统的复兴”展览。系动词are后面需加形容词作表语,空处需填形容词curious, be curious about为固定 短语,意为“对感到好奇”。故填curious。1. (2021 浙江学军中学期末)Children are always curious nature.【答案】about【解析】考查介词。句意:孩子们总是对大自然感到好奇

25、。根据句意可知,此处是形容词短语be curious about对感到好奇“。故填about oThe challenge invites school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their(curious).【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意:这项挑战邀请5岁至14岁的学生创作艺术品或一篇文章来表达他们的好奇心。 作动词show的宾语用名词,故填curiosityoPeople gathered round, curious(k

26、now) what was happening.【答案】to know【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们围了过来,好奇地想知道发生了什么事。be curious to do sth.为固定 用法,意为“对做某事感到好奇”,句子已有谓语动词gathered,此处为形容词短语作状语。故填t。know。2. (2020黑龙江哈尔滨三中期中)Driven by (curious) , many experts believe, will have a positive effect on adolescents creativity.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:许多专家认为

27、,好奇心的驱使将对青少年的创造力产生积极的影响。此 处by是介词,其后用名词,故填curiosity。3. (山西大同中月考)The little boy,of curiosity, took apart the toy to see how it worked, but couldnt put it together.【答案】out【解析】句意:出于好奇,那个小男孩把玩具拆开看它是如何工作的,但是却无法再把玩具组装起来。根 据句意填OUtoHe looked at me (curious) as if he had some doubt which he was unwilling to e

28、xpress.【答案】curiously【解析】句意:他好奇地看着我,好像有一些不愿意表达的疑惑。修饰谓语用副词形式,故填curiously。【变式】单项选择.(福建高三月考)Toms little sister is a girl of great. She takes an interest in everything.A. ambitionB. cautionC. curiosityD. strength【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:汤姆的小妹妹的好奇心非常重。她对一切都很感兴趣。A野心,抱负;B谨 慎;C好奇心;D力量,体力,这里指她好奇心重,故选C。2. (2020河北石家庄

29、二中月考)It is that he should have failed to win the race.A. certainB. wonderC. curiousD. mess【答案】c【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他竟然没有赢得比赛,这是很不寻常的。A. certain确信的;有把握 的;B. wonder神奇的;C curious好奇的;D. mess凌乱。结合句意可知,it为形式主语,真正主语为之后 从句,且从句结构为:that+主语+should+V原形,且句中含有“竟然”之意,应是考查虚拟语气在主语从句中 的应用,即:It is strange/curious that(sh

30、ould)do。结合句意可知,对于他没有赢得比赛感到不寻常。故选C项。完成句子He opened the letter.处于好奇,他打开了那封信。(1) Children are the world around themselves/孩子对周围世界充满好奇。(3)enough, he didnt appear at the meeting.令人好奇地,他没有在会议上出现。【答案】(l)out of curiosity (2) curious to know (3) curiously用curiousity的短语或其适当形式填空。(1) Margaret looked at him.玛格丽特好

31、奇地看着他。(2) She decided to try a cigarette.她出于好奇决定试一只香烟。(3)drove Mary to open her husbands letter though she knew it was wrong.好奇心驱使她打开了她丈夫的信,尽管她知道这是错的。【答案(1) with curiosity (2) out of curiosity (3) Curiosity知识点7.benefit vt.有益于vi.得益于(常与from, by连用)n.利益,好处;津贴【归纳拓展】benefit sb./someplace使某人/某地受益benefit fr

32、om/by sth.receive/gain benefit from sth.得益于某事be of great/much benefit to sb.=be very beneficial to sb.对某人有好处for the benefit of为了帮助;为了的利益【典例7】语法填空(2021 全国) As we all know, fresh air is(benefit) to our health and the new park benefits us all, so we should keep it clean.【答案】beneficial【解析】考查形容词。句意:众所周知I

33、,新鲜空气有益于我们的健康,新公园对我们大家都有利,所以我 们应该保持它的清洁。根据空格前的系动词is可知,此处填入形容词beneficial来作系动词is的表语。故填 beneficial o(2020河北沧州市一中月考)Taking plenty of exercise can be great benefit.【答案】Of【解析】考查介词。句意:多做运动有很大的好处。be + of 4-抽象名词=be+抽象名词相应的形容词。故 填of。1. There is no doubt that the plants benefited the rain.【答案】from【解析】考查固定搭配。句意

34、:毫无疑问,植物从雨水中受益。根据句意可知,应使用固定短语benefit from, 意为“从中受益”。故填from。2. (2021 全国)The new hospital will be of great benefit the town.【答案】to【解析】考查介词短语。句意:这座新医院对于小镇来说有巨大的利益。be of benefit to为固定用法,意为“对. 有益处”,故填t。3. (2021 全国) You should make your parents aware of the benefits the training class.【答案】Of【解析】考查介词。句意:你应

35、该让你的父母知道培训班的好处。空处缺少介词表示“的”,介词为。f。 故填of。4. Doing morning exercises (benefit) our health and we benefit it.答案benefits; from【解析】考查benefit用法。句意:做早锻炼对我们的健康有益,我们会从中受益的。benefit既可作及物动 词,又可作不及物动词。如果是及物动词,“benefit sth/sb”意为“对受益,使受益”;作不及物动词时, “sb. benefit意为“某人从中受益九 本句的第一个空是指“对身体有益、而主语是一个动词的ing形式,谓语动词要用单数,故填ben

36、efits。第二个空是“我们从中受益”。因此要用benefit from,故填benefits; fromo(ill 东开学考试)Most smokers say they benefit from smoking to some degree but health experts suggest that they should give it up the benefit of their health.【答案】for【解析】benefit from(从中受益)for the benefit of(为了的利益)句意:大多数吸烟者认为他们一定程度上 从吸引中受益,但是健康学者建议他们最好戒烟

37、为了他们的健康。故填for。【变式】单项选择.(海南期中)Cycling is highly to peoples health and the environment.A. fashionableB. beneficialC. changeableD. suitable【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。A时尚的;B有益的;C易变的;D合适的;be beneficial to对有益;句意:骑自行 车对人的身体和环境都是有益的。2. (2020汉中市龙岗学校期末)The new credit card will be to our customers.A. of great benefit B. b

38、enefitC. beneficially D. benefit from【答案】A【解析】考查“be of+名词”的用法。句意:新的信用卡将使我们的客户受益。be of benefit to=be beneficial to:对是有益的。benefit from:从中受益。故选A。完成句子The new hospital will the entire community,这所新医院将使整个社区受益。(1) I much my fathers advice.我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。(2) Moderate exercise will beyou.适度运动对你有很多益处。(4) She we

39、nt thereher health.她为 了健康而去了 那里。1 (1) benefit (2) benefited from (3) of much benefit to(4) for the benefit of知识点8. combine vt. & vi.(使)联合;(使)结合【归纳拓展】combination n.结合;联合;化合(物) combined adj.联合起来的combine into.联合成combine.with.把与结合起来a combination of. 一种的结合(物)in combination with 与联合起来【典例8】9. spy on暗中监视;侦察

40、10.cut down削减;删节11. before long 不久以后12. put on weight 增加体重13. glare at 怒视14. . benefit from 受益于15. throw away 扔掉;丢弃经典句型(高考书面表达必备)1. Nothing could be better.再没有 比这更好的了2. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!他可不能让咏慧哄骗人们后 跑掉!3. Why dont you sit down and try a meal?你为什么不坐下来吃顿

41、饭呢?必备语法(高级句型)状语从句2.语法基础知识状语从句主题语境:话题饮食健康(人与自我)语言技能:能在主题语境下,运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文。【基础巩固】知识点1.diet n.日常饮食vi.节食【归纳拓展】be/go on a dietput sb. on a diet用规定的食谱,控制饮食a diet of sth.多得令人生厌的事物辨析:diet指通常吃的食物,尤指规定的食谱如治疗疾病或减轻体重的食物,还可作动词“节食工food指人或动物所需的食物;或植物所需的养料。We cannot survive without food and drink.【典例1语法填空1

42、.(2021黑龙江哈尔滨三中月考)(diet)and exercising can bring your weight under control but you muststick to your plan with perseverance.【答案】Dieting语法填空The company is working on a new product in(combine) with other partners.【答案】combination【解析】这个公司正和其他伙伴合作进行一个新的项目。名词combination意为“合作,结合: 在句中充当 介词in的宾语,所以要填combinati

43、ono(2021 江苏期末)Sincerity, (combine) with capability, helps her land the job.【答案】combined【解析】考查过去分词。句意:真诚,加上能力,帮助她得到这份工作。分析句子可知,空处应使用非谓 语动词。由于combine与所修饰词Sincerity之间是被动关系,应使用过去分词形式。故填combined。1. (2021 全国)In our daily life, many people(combination) love with money.【答案】combine【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在我们的日常生活中,许多人

44、把爱和钱结合在一起。根据句意及所给句子 可知,此处使用动词combine,作谓语动词,句子描述的是目前的情况,应用一般现在时。故填combine。2. (20211可南信阳高中月考)The firm(combine) with several overseas partners is working on a new product.【答案】combined【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这家公司与几个海外合作伙伴联合,正在开发一种新产品。句中有谓语 动词“is working on”且句中无连词,combine意为“联合”,动词词性,故应用combine的非谓语动词形式,“be combine

45、d with.意为“与联合”,故句子主语firm与combine之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用combine的过去分词combined,在句中作后置定语修饰firm。故填combinedo(2021 江苏省镇江中学月考)Experts suggest(combine) your theory with practice, which will achieve dramatic results.【答案】combining【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:专家建议将理论与实践相结合,这将取得显著的效果。suggest doing sth. 建议做某事。根据句意,故填combining。.(2021 全国

46、) He admitted not(combine) what he had learned with what he was doing.答案combining/having combined【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他承认没有把他所学的知识和他正在做的事情结合起来。分析可知,表 示“承认做某事”为admit doing sth.,用动名词作宾语,可用一般式,也可用完成时强调过去的动作对现在的 影响。故填 combining/having combinedo(2019甘肃兰州中月考)Nowhere in nature is aluminium found free, owing to i

47、ts always (combine) with other elements.答案being combined【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于铝总是与其他元素结合在一起,自然界中没有任何地方的铝是游离 的。owing to为介词短语,后接v.-ing短语作宾语,combine sth with sth.这里是把铝和其它元素结合,铝放 在前面,combine与名词aluminium是被动关系,故用被动形式being combined表示“正在被联合”。故填being combined o(2019江苏高三期中)Medical errors and various infections, if(combine), will be the third leading cause of death in the world.【答案】combined【解析】考查状语从句省略。句意:医疗错误和各种感染如果结合在一起就会是世界上死亡的第三大原因。 当状语从句主语与主句主语一致,且含有系动词的时候,我们可以把状语从句主语和系动词一起省略,构 成省略句。本句在 if 后省略了 medical errors and various infections are,故填 combinedo【变式】单项选择.(江苏高三月考) The United Nations sa

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