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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第16讲必修3 Unit 4讲【核心素养分析】语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1 .考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目项目项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）astronomy n. 天文学一astronomer n. 天文学家system n.系统；体系；制度theory n.学说；理论-theoretical adj.理论上的1. globe n.球体；地球仪；地球global adj,全球性的;全世界的violent adj,猛烈的;激烈的；强暴的violence n.暴力-violently adv.猛烈地atmosph
2、ere n. 大气层； 气氛unlike prep.不同;不像dislike vt.不喜欢2. presence n.出席；到场；存在present adj. & n. & v.在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发, 授予3. harmful adj.有害的;伤害的Tharm n.危害，害处harmless adj.无害的重点单词10.exist vi.存在,生存existence n.存在，生存puzzle n.谜；难题 vt. & vi.（使）迷惑；（使）为难puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adi,令人迷惑的11. gravity n.万有引力；重力satellite n.卫星；
3、人造卫星climate n.气候spaceship n. 宇宙飞船12. pull n. & vt拉（力）；拖；牵引力float vi.& vt.（使）浮动:（使）漂浮n.漂浮物mass n.质量；团；块；大量；（复）群众【解析】考查形容词辨析。由过去分词转换的形容词通常用来形容人，或者与人有关的事物；现在分词转 换的形容词常常形容事物；本题中第一空后的名词look （表情），是与人有关的事物，所以仍然使用puzzled 修饰；第二空用puzzling修饰名词problem；第三空的puzzled是句子的谓语动词。句意：在他的脸上有令 人困惑的表情，因为一个令人困惑的问题把这个小女孩搞糊涂了。
4、故填puzzling; puzzling; puzzled。4 . The twin brothers stand under the tree, （puzzle） and say nothing.【答案】puzzled【解析】考察非谓语动词。句意：这对双胞胎兄弟站在树下，困惑不解不说一句话。过去分词表示句子主语 的状态，和句子主语是动宾关系。puzzle意思是使困惑的意思，故填puzzled。5 .（广东金山中学月考）The（puzzle） boy wondered why fish soon went bad in hot weather. He went to ask his teach
5、er.【答案】puzzled【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个困惑的男孩想知道为什么在炎热的天气里鱼很快就坏了。-ed形容词主要 说明人的感受，含有“感到.”的意思，本句在说小男孩感到困惑，所以用puzzled。故填puzzled。【变式】单项选择（2021广东期末）In the past 10 years it the doctors the new drug has great significance forthe treatment of the disease.A. puzzled; whereB. has puzzled; whetherC. puzzles; thatD. had p
6、uzzled; how【答案】B【解析】考查时态和连词。句意：在过去10年里，这种新型药物对治疗这一疾病是否有特效一直使医生们 迷惑。该句的结构为：时间状语+it形式主语+谓语动词+宾语+真正的主语从句。因时间状语in/overthepast +一段时间，表示在过去时间里用于现在完成时，故第一空谓语动词使用现在完成时has puzzled；第二空 应用适当的连词引导主语从句，根据句意可知要填是否的含义，故whether符合句意。故选B项。1. （2020江门市第二中学期中）with his problem, we feel.A. Facing, puzzled, puzzlingB. Face
7、d, puzzled, puzzlingC. Faced, puzzling, puzzledD. Facing, puzzled, puzzled【答案】C【解析】考查过去分词与-ed和-ing形容词辨析。句意：面对他令人费解的问题，我们感到困惑。修饰人的 感情或人做主语时，常用-ed形容词；修饰物或物做主语时，常用-ing形容词；第一空是短语be faced with（面 临，面对），省去be动词，使用过去分词作状语，第二空形容词要修饰problem（物），所以用puzzling（令人 困惑的）；第三空人做主语we。，所以用puzzled（感到困惑的）。故选C项。2. (2020全国)I
8、noticed a look on her face when you gave the answer.lt was clear that she didnt quitefollow you.A. puzzledB. to puzzleC. puzzlesD. puzzling【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：当你回答时，我注意到她脸上的困惑表情。很明显她不是很明白你的意 思。分析句子结构，设空处修饰名词look,需用形容词作定语入根据修饰人的用ed结尾的形容词，而题中 的look表情，是人因困惑很发出的表情，a puzzled look困惑的表情。故选A。3. When the pol
9、iceman stopped us, we all looked questioningly at him,.A. nervously and puzzledB. nervous and puzzlingC. nervous and puzzledD. nervously and puzzling【答案】C【解析】考查形容词作状语。此处为形容词作伴随状语，所以选C项。完成句子(1) Her reply me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。Their reason for doing it is still to me.他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。To explain the findings, h
10、e offers two theories.他提出了两个理论来解释这个令人困惑的发现。(4)(使我困惑的事情)is why he left the country without telling anyone.(5) I(puzzle) that I haven91 heard from Liz for so long.(6) She listened with a(puzzle) expression on her face.(7) No one has yet succeeded in explaining the(puzzle) of how life began.【答案】 (1) pu
11、zzled (2) a puzzle (3)puzzling(4) What puzzles me (5) am puzzled (6) puzzled (7) puzzle知识点-5 pull v.拉，拖,拔；移动n.拉，拖;拉(引)力【拓展归纳】pull ahead (of sb/sth)领先(於某人/物)pull (sb) back (使某人)退却；撤回(某人)pull Off (Sth)(指机动车辆)驶离(道路)(至路侧停车处停下)pull out (Sth.)拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离 (车站)pull on穿，戴上(袜子、手套等)pull together同心协力；通力合作【典例5】
12、语法填空Hurry up! The train for Beijing will pull in 10 minutes on schedule.【答案】out【解析】考查固定短语。句意：快点!开往北京的火车将在10分钟后准时开出。根据句意，应是短语pull out, 意思为驶离车站。故填out。1. (2021 北京期末)He got his bad tooth(pull) yesterday, for it had caused him too much pain.【答案】pulled【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他昨天把坏牙拔掉了，因为这颗牙给他带来太多痛苦。分析句子可知， pull(拔)
13、在句中做动词got后宾语his bad tooth的补足语，应使用非谓动词形式，又因与其逻辑主语his bad tooth之间是被动关系，所以应使用过去分词形式pulled。故填pulled。2. On a sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat(pull) out to sea.【答案】were being pulled【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：去年8月的一个晴朗的日子，蒂姆听到了
14、一些喊叫声。他 仔细地向大海望去，看到两个孩子坐在一条小船上，正被拖向大海。分析可知，设空处为宾语从句的谓语 动词，根据Looking out to the sea carefully”和saw”可知，使用过去进行时，kids和pull为被动关系，使用被 动语态，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were being pulled。3. (江苏期中) (pull) down the old houses, the Browns built a beautiful garden in that area.【答案】Having pulled【解析】考查非谓语动词句意：推倒旧房子，布朗夫妇在
15、原来的地方上建了一座漂亮的花园。句子结构 中出现的“pull down”和后面的“build”有明确的先后关系，且后面主句的主语为“the Browns”故需要用分词的 主动形式，故填Having pulled0You had better have that bad tooth (pull) out in the hospital.【答案】pulled【解析】考查have sth. done的用法。句意：你最好到医院把那颗坏牙拔掉。have sth. done在此意为“请别人 做某事”，故填pulled。【变式】单项选择.（2020长葛市第一高级中学）Most of the local pe
16、ople insist that the old temple as it has a long history.A. should not pull downB. must not pull downC. not be pulled downD. would not be pulled down【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：当地大多数人坚持要求不要拆掉这座古庙，因为它历史悠久。insist表示坚 持要求时，后面宾语从句要用（should）do形式的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。从句中主语the old temple 与pull down之间是被动关系，用（should） be
17、done形式。故选C。2. （2020江苏高三三模）The stone under her feet rolled, and as she was into the river, she called out forhelp.A. being jumped B. jumpedC. pullingD. being pulled【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：她脚下的石头滚动着，当她正被拖进河里时，她大声呼救。jump （跳），pull （拉、 拽、扯、拖），由句意可知，脚下滚动的石头拖着她到河里去，应用动词pull,此处指过去那个时候，正在 发生的事，主语she和谓语动词pull是被动关系，应
18、用过去进行时的被动语态（was/were being done）。故 选D项。3. The Beijing express had on time when we hurriedly got to the platform.A. pulled onB. pulled outC. pulled round D. pulled off【答案】B【解析】pullout出站“当我们匆忙到达月台的时候，北京的快车己经按时出站了。”He is still quite sick, but the doctor is sure that he will.A. pull overB. pull upC. pul
19、l outD. pull through【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的病还很重，但医生相信他能挺过来。A. pull over把.开到路边； B. pull up拔起，停下来；C. pull out离开，拔出；D. pull through恢复健康。与他的病很重语境一致，故选 Do完成句子You and V 11 .你来推，我来拉。（1） I felt at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。（2） So long as we，there9 s no mountain top we cant conquer.只要我们齐心协力
20、，没有征服不 了 的高山。【答案】 push pull (2) a pull (3) pull together知识点-6 in ones turn轮到某人；接着【拓展归纳】in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替take ones turn轮到某人做了take turns依次；轮班，轮流on the turn正在转变，正在变化out of turn不合时宜地，鲁莽地【典例6】单项选择The waste can be recycled into new products, which will save natural resources.A. in turn B. i
21、n returnC. in orderD. in time【答案】A【解析】短语辨析。A.轮流，依次B.作为报答C.整齐D.及时。句意：废品可以回收利用成新产品，这样(轮流)可以节省自然资源。故选A。1. The boys is impolite to others and this hurts himself.A. in turn B. at turns C. by turns D. in turns【答案】A【解析】短语辨析。in turn轮流；依次；相应的；按着一定的顺序进行；at turns在转弯处；by turns轮流， 交替；in turns没有这个说法。句意：这个男孩对其他人很不
22、礼貌，相应的这也伤害了他自己。结合语境前 后动作为一定的顺序，故选A。2. . Theory is based on practice and serves practice.A. in turn B. by and by C. by chance D. in this case【答案】A【解析】短语辨析.A.依次;轮流B.不久以后C.意外的D.既然这样.句意:理论基于实践并反过来为实践服务.结合语境可知选A.【变式】完成句子The girls called out their names.那些女孩儿逐一报出了自己的名字。(1) We make every effort to make mor
23、e films, and this creates further environmental pollution.我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。(2) We to keep watch.我们轮流守望【答案】(1) in turn (2) in turn (3) took turns知识点-7 preventfrom阻止；制止【拓展归纳】stop sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事protect sb. from保护某人不受侵袭，挡住，防御【典例7】语法填空The rain
24、prevented us(play)tennis.【答案】playing【解析】考查动名词。句意：雨阻止了我们打网球。此处考查短语prevent sb (from) doingsth阻止某人 做某事,故填playingoCarbon dioxide prevents heat escaping into space.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意:二氧化碳会阻止热量向太空逸出。prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.意为阻止做 某事，是固定短语。故填from。1. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent
25、 the soil from(wash)away.【答案】being washed【解析】考查动名词。句意：平坦的梯田吸收了雨水，并且防止了泥土被冲走。逻辑主语soil与wash之间 是动宾关系，故用过去分词，又from之后要用动名词形式，即动名词的被动形式being done,故填being washedoHis back injury often(prevent) him (from) participating in tomorrows activity.【答案】prevents【解析】考查动词，时态，主谓一致。句意：他背上的伤使他不能参加明天的活动。分析句子，该空所给 词prevent
26、是谓语动词；根据句意，他背部有伤是现在的状态，应为一般现在时；主语injury是第三人称单 数形式。故填preventso(2020四川省南充高级中学月考)Difficult as rumors on micro blog or Weibo are (prevent) , the authorities will step up supervision so that people will not be easily misled.【答案】to prevent【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：虽然微博或微博上的谣言很难去防范，但有关部门将加大监管力度，这 样人们就不会被轻易误导了。分析句子可知，
27、本句是一个由as引导的倒装句，正常句型：As rumors on micro blog or Weibo are difficult.obe difficult to do sth.,应用动词不定式 to do 主动表被动。故填 to prevento(2019天津耀华中学期中)While you are traveling abroad, attention should be paid to (prevent) you from being fined.【答案】preventing【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：在国外旅行时，关注点应该是防止自己被罚款。pay attention
28、to 是固定短语，意为注意.Jo是介词，后面动词必须用动名词作宾语；prevent sb from doing同样也是固定短 语，意为阻止某人做,from,故填preventing。2. While sleeping, astronauts must attach themselves to something to prevent(float) around.【答案】floating【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员睡觉时，必须把自己绑在什么东西上，以防四处漂浮。动词prevent doing sth.意为“阻止做某事,prevent后动名词作宾语。故填floating。3. (2020黑
29、龙江大庆实验中学月考)Exercise has a major part to play in (prevent) disease.【答案】preventing【解析】考句意：运动在预防疾病方面起着重要作用。In是介词其后用动名词。故填preventing。4. (2019 江苏高三月考)(prevent) of Aids should be taught routinely in universities because of the effects it can have on keeping students from being infected with Aids.【答案】Preve
30、ntion【解析】句意：预防艾滋病的知识应定期在大学教授，因为这可能对防止学生感染艾滋病产生影响。作句 子的主语用名词形式。Prevention of Aids”。故填Prevention o【变式】单项选择We must do whatever we can to our environment getting worse and worse.A. separate B. keep C. prevent D. guard【答案】c【解析】prevent(from) doing sth.表示”阻止做某事s叩arate分离，分开；keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事；guard
31、警卫。完成句子(l)We must do what we can to prevent pollution longer.我们必须尽力去防止污染为了生活的更长久The security forces had to intervene to prevent the situation安全部队不得不介入，以防止局势进一步恶化。(2) Further treatment will prevent the disease developing.进一步的治疗将阻止疾病恶化。【答案】(l)to live (2) worsening (3)from知识点-8 cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋【拓展归纳】c
32、heer sb. up使某人高兴；使某人振奋cheer on为加油cheer sb.为某人喝彩with good cheer 欣然地Cheers!干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)【典例8】语法填空(2019广东金山中学月考)If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city (cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.【答案】to be cheered【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句意：如果他们赢得决赛，这支队伍将巡游全城接受支持者的欢呼。句中 己有谓语动词，根据句意
33、可知是将来时同时表示被动，所以使用不定式的被动表将来被动的动作。故填tobe cheeredoShes amazingly (cheer) considering all shes had to go through.【答案】cheerful【解析】句意：经历了种种磨难，她还那么乐观，令人惊叹。形容词作表语。故填cheerful。【变式】完成句子（1）! The news isn*t too bad.振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。（2）Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。The crow
34、d their favourite horse.观众都替他们看好的马加油。【答案】（1） Cheer up（2） cheered（3） cheered on单项选择Darling, I didnt get promoted.-! There will be loads of other opportunities.A. Well done B. What a pity C. Cheer up D. All right【答案】c【解析】Well done做得好；What a pity多遗憾啊；Cheer up振作起来；All right好吧,选C。2.The moment the 28th Ol
35、ympic Games were declared open, the whole world.A. laughed B. cheered C. excitedD. was cheered【答案】B【解析】句意：当第二十八届奥运会宣布开幕的时候，世界沸腾了。此处cheer是不及物动词，表示 欢呼, 喝彩，故选B。知识点9 break out （战争、灾难、瘟疫等）突发；爆发（无被动语态）【拓展归纳】break away from脱离（政党等）；打破（陈套等）break down出故障，抛锚；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉；打倒，砸破；（化合物等）分解break in破门而入；闯入；打断（
36、话语等）break into破门而入，突然起来break off折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break through 突破break up打碎，拆散；散开，解散；（学校）期末放假，（集会）结束break into pieces 成为碎片【典例9】语法填空A quarrel broke, which made him break away from his family.【答案】out【解析】句意：爆发了一场争吵，这让他离开了家。故填。ut。1. I didnt get into the two-hour quarrel; I know how it (break) out, though.【答
37、案】had broken【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我没有卷入两个小时的争吵，但是我知道它是如何爆发的。根据句意，吵 架是过去的事情，它发生应该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。故填had broken。【变式】单项选择Scientists hope to soon in their fight against heart disease.A. break up B. break outC. break through D. break in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词语辨析。句意：科学家们希望能尽快在应对心脏病方面有所突破。Break up分解、打 断”;break out”爆发、发生”;br
38、eak through“突破”;break in闯入、打断”；按照句意答案选C.1. A big fire last night. Luckily, no one was killed or injured.A. break outB. break awayC. break offD. break through【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。句意“昨晚发生了一场火灾。幸运地是，没有人员伤亡A爆发”；B放弃，逃跑 C“折断，突然停止”；D“突破”。故选A。2. Prices of the basic necessities of life have been going up sharply
39、since word came that war wouldbetween the two countries soon.A. watch outB. break outC. die outD. give out【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。watch out当心，break out发生，die out灭绝，give out分发，根据句意是两国之间的战争会发生，故选B。知识点-1。watchout注意；当心【拓展归纳】watch out(for) = look out (for)密切注意；留神重点短语1. in time及时；终于2. lay eggs 下蛋3. give birth to
40、产生；分娩4. in one9s turn轮到某人；接着5. prevent.from 阻止； 制止6. block out挡住（光线）7. cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8. now that 既然9. break out突发；爆发10. watch out密切注视；当心；提防11. cool down 冷却12. as well as 也；还有13. depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于14. get close to 靠近经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life
41、to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。2. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒 了。3. .walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习必备语法（高级句型）状语从句2.语法基础知识状语从句主题语境：话题探索宇
42、宙（人与自然）语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文。【基础巩固】take care留神,注意be careful仔细，留神watch it当心，小心watch over照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视look out for sth 当心【典例10】单项选择. Watch out cars when you cross the road.A. atB. toC. ofD. for【答案】D【解析】固定短语:watch out for”留心,注意选D。1 .the dog or you may be bitten.A. Wat
43、ch outB. Look outC. Watch out for D. Look out of【答案】C【解析】watch out for当心,后跟宾语。watch out当心，后不跟宾语；look out当心；look out of向外看。【变式】完成句子! There is a car coming!当心！有车来 了 ！cars while crossing the road.过马路时要当心车辆。(3)not to catch a cold. =not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。【答案】(1) Watch out (2) Watch out for (3) Take
44、care; Be careful【考点精析】考点-1 it做形式宾语教材原句 】This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。【句法分析】本句中it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语for life to developo it做形式宾语还可以代替 动名词或从句。【考点聚焦】考查it做形式宾语常用句型:find / think / make/ feel/ consider +it + adj / n. + to do /doing /that 从句【
45、例句解读】I found it hard to persuade him to go with us 我发现说服他和我们一起去很难。I think it my duty to help them .我认为帮助他们是我的责任。I felt it puzzling to find him in such a place .我觉得在这样一个地方发现他很让人困惑。【拓展】it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构) 或从句。(l)Ifs + adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是的。(2)It,s + adj.+of sb. to
46、 do sth.某人做某事(3)Its/was/who/that是某人/某物做(4)It is/was the+序数词+ time + that+主语+ have/had done这是某人第次做(5)It is (high) time that+ 主语+ did/should do.是该做的时候了。(6)It,s said/reported/believed/announced that.据说/据报道/据猜测/据称(7)Its a pity/a shame/a wonder.that.可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是(8)It happens/appears/seems that恰巧/看来/好像【典例1】
47、 语法填空(2020天津高三三模)How would you like if the power went out when you were watching your favoriteTV program?【答案】it【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：如果你在看你喜欢的电视节目时停电了，你会怎么想？ it作形式宾语。在一些表示“喜好、厌恶”的动词之后,如enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等，后接if从句或 when从句，通常先在动词后接it作形式宾语。故填it。1. (2020安徽省高三学业考试)We thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to give us a lecture on howto learn English.【答案】it【解析】考查形式宾语。句意：我们认为，邀请史密斯教授来给我们就怎样学英语做讲座，很必要。分析 句子可知，句子用了“think+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，从句子结构看，to invite Professor Smith to give us a lecture on how to learn English是真正的宾语，前面应该用it作形式宾语。故填it。2. (2020江苏省高三月考)To win