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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第17讲必修3 Unit 5讲【核心素养分析】语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1 .考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）minister n.大臣；部长chat vi. & n.聊天；闲聊scenery n. 景色；风景1. eastward adv. & adj.向东;向东的；朝东的westward adv. & adj.（反义词）向西,向西的；朝 西的2. surround vt. & vi.包围;围绕Tsurroundings n.（复）周围的事物；环境Tsurrounding adj.周围
2、的3. measure vi. & vt.测量;衡量；判定n.计量制；计量单位；措施4. aboard prep. & adv.在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上board vt. & n.（在/上）船等within prep.在之内border n.边界；国界；边沿vt. & vi.与接壤；接近重点单词5. slight adi,轻微的;微小的slightly adv,稍微;轻微地mix vt. & vi.混合;调配一mixture n.混合（物）；混合状态con行rm vt.证实;证明；批准wealthy adj. & n.富有的；富人；有钱人-wealth n.财富6. distance n.
3、距离；远方-distant adj.远的,远方的broad adj,宽阔的;广泛的nearby adv.在附近adj.附近的；邻近的tradition n.传统；风俗Ttraditional adj,传统的7. terrify vt.使恐怖;恐吓teirifying adj.令人畏惧的terrified adj.感到畏惧的teiror n,恐惧 terrible adj .恐怖的；恐惧的8. impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记impression n.印象-impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感分词形式作其后置定语。故选D项。4. The cloth easily if on
4、a table.A. measures, spreadingB. will be measured, spreadC. measures, spreadD. is measured, spread【答案】C【解析】考查动词语态和省略句。句意：如果把布展开在桌子上，很容易量出尺寸。第一空：measure意为 “量起来”，没有被动语态，排除B、D项；第二空：spread和cloth是被动关系，要用一般现在时的被动语 态，且if引导的状语从句中，常省略和主句相同的主语和be动词，从句完整为“if (it is) spread on a table”。 故选C。完成句子(1) Can you the
5、room with this ruler?你能用这把尺子量这个房间吗？It，s hard his ability until you see his work.直到你见到他的作品，否则很难估计他的能力。(3)We must prevent pollution.我们要采取措施去防止污染。(4) We must take measures these problems one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施解决这个问题。This is a room 4 metres.这是一个有4米宽的房间。(6) The tailor made a suit 裁缝按照我的尺寸做了一套衣服。【答案】(1) m
6、easure (2) to measure (3) take measures (4) to solve (5)measuring (6) to my measure知识点3. chat vi. & n.聊天；闲聊【归纳拓展】过去式 chatted chatted 现在分词 chattingchat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth)与某人聊天、 闲谈【典例3】语法填空It is a pleasant thing(chat) with Miss White.【答案】to chat【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：和怀特小
7、姐聊天是件愉快的事。分析句子可知，句子形式主语为it,真正主语为动词不定式短语to chat with Miss White。故填to chato（2021 广东） Although we had differences, we had a friendly chat the meal.【答案】over【解析】考查介词。句意：虽然我们有分歧，但我们在吃饭的时候友好地聊了聊。over在.期间”，根据 句意，此处指在吃法期间，我们友好的聊天。故填。ver。1. （2021 全国）The two friends（chat） on the Internet for three hours.【答案hav
8、e been chatting【解析】考查时态。句意：这两个朋友已经在网上聊了三个小时了。分析句意可知，该句谓语动词使用现 在完成进行时，现在完成进行时的构成是“主语+助动词（have/has） +been+动词的现在分词”表示动作从某 一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去，chat的现在分词是chatting,主语The two friends 是复数形式，应该用have。故填have been chattingo（2021 广东揭B日华侨高中）Some young people spend their free time using smartphone for（chat）.
9、【答案】chatting【解析】考查动名词。句意：一些年轻人利用空闲时间用智能手机聊天。分析句子可知，设空处接在介词 for之后作宾语，应用动名词形式，故填chatting。2. （2021 全国）Any small interruption （打断）一a price check, a（chat） customer_can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.【答案】chatty【解析】考查形容词。句意：任何小的打断-一次价格核查、一个爱闲聊的顾客-都能有下游效应，导致整 个流水线被耽搁。根据句意可知填形容词chatty“爱聊天
10、的”作定语修饰顾客。故填chatty。3. I often have chat with my friends on phone in my spare time.【答案】a； the【解析】考查冠词。句意为：在我闲暇时我经常和朋友们在电话里聊天。第一空have a chat with sb.“与某人 聊天”为习惯搭配；第二空on the phone“打电话”也为习惯搭配。故填a； the。4. （2019天津高三月考）Mary often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through WeChat, as if they
11、 （be） chatting in her living room.【答案】were【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽经常通过微信与朋友分享她最深的想法和恐惧，就像她们正在她的客 厅里聊天一样。根据句意，“他们正在她的客厅聊天“是不可能发生的，要用虚拟语气，根据前面的shares 可知这里是对现在的虚拟，as if从句中的谓语动词要用一般去过时，其中be动词只能用were,故填were。【变式】单项选择（2021 福建省龙岩第一中学开学考试）一What did the physics teacher ask us to do with the materials?Sorry, I didnt h
12、ear her clearly. I with a friend on the phone.A. chattedB. was chatting C. will chatD. am chatting【答案】B【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:物理老师要我们怎么处理这些材料?一一对不起，我没听清楚。 我当时正在电话里和一个朋友聊天。chat聊天，动词；由前一句I didnt hear her clearly.可知，空处谓语动词 需用过去的时态；再结合空格所在句可知，空处谓语动词需用过去进行时态：was/were doing,表示过去那 个时间正在进行的动作，主语是第一人称单数L所以be动词需用wa
13、s。故选B。1. （2021长春市第二十九中学月考）The boy chatted his friend last night.A. withB. aboutC. forD. in【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语和介词。句意:男孩昨晚和他的朋友聊天了了。A.with和一起，带有；B. about 关于；C.for为了; D. in在某时间（某地点）。chat with为固定短语,意为“和聊天”。故选A。2. （2021 金昌市第一中学期中）一What did your father ask you?一He asked me.A. where am I with my friendsB. whom
14、 I was chatting withC. when would I go homeD. if I have finished my homework【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意： 你爸爸问你什么了？他问我在和谁聊天。空处为宾语从句，从句 中应用陈述句语序，故排除A、C选项；D选项中主句为一般过去时，宾语从句应用过去时的某种时态，D 选项时态错误，排除D选项；B项语序和时态都正确，whom （指人）在从句中作介词with的宾语，故选Bo（江苏高三月考） 一Why on earth didn you answer the door? I thought you were out thi
15、s morning.一Im terribly sorry, but I online with my brother in America.A. am chatting B. was chattingC. chatted D. have been chatting【答案】B【解析】根据语境可知，答语意为“很抱歉，但我当时正在和在美国的弟弟网聊”，此处描述的是过去某个时 刻正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故选B。3. (2019江苏省天一中学高三开学考试)He spent at least as much time reading as you on line yesterday.A. had
16、to chatB. did chattingC. do chattingD. had chatted【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构，did是代替spend, spend time doing,句意是：昨天他花了至少和你网上聊天一样 多的时间看书。选B。完成句子What were you with him about?你和他聊 了 些什麽？(1) I had a long. with her (about her job).(关於她的工作)我和她聊了 很久(3)They sat there ,.他们坐在那里聊天。(4) She often spends hours on the phone to
17、 her friends.她经常花好几个小时的口寸间在电话里和朋友聊天。(5) We had a nice chat a cup of tea.我们在喝咖啡期间好好聊了 一下。(6)Don9t waste your time 不要浪费时间聊天。【答案】(1) chatting (2) chat (3) chatting (4)chatting (5) over (6) chatting 知识点4. eastward adv.向东 adj.向东的；朝东的【归纳拓展】eastward(s) adj ./adv.向东的，向东地southward(s) adj ./adv.向南的，向南地southea
18、stward(s) adj ./adv.向东南的，向东南地southwestward(s) adj ./adv.向西南的，向西南地【归纳拓展】eastward(s) adj ./adv.向东的，向东地southward(s) adj ./adv.向南的，向南地southeastward(s) adj ./adv.向东南的，向东南地southwestward(s) adj ./adv.向西南的，向西南地【归纳拓展】eastward(s) adj ./adv.向东的，向东地southward(s) adj ./adv.向南的，向南地southeastward(s) adj ./adv.向东南的，向
19、东南地southwestward(s) adj ./adv.向西南的，向西南地westward(s) adj ./adv.向西的，向西地northward(s) adj ./adv.向北的，向北地 northeastward(s) adj ./adv.向东北的，向东北地 northwestward(s) adj ./adv.向东北的，向东北地【典例4】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。in order to obtain the sacred Buddhist(1) It is said that Tangseng and his four apprentices(徒弟)traveledsc
20、ripture.(2) . When winter comes, the migratory birds travel in an direction.(3) 改错 He continued to travel to eastward.【答案】(1) westward(s) (2) southward(s) (3)去掉 to【变式】完成句子(1) They were traveling to the city which appeared in their dreams.他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。(2) The plane flied in an eastward direction.翻
21、译：(3) The river flows 这条河向东流去。【答案】(1) eastward(s) (2)飞机向东边飞去。(3) eastward (s)知识点5.mix vt.&vi.混合；调配 mixture n.u,c混合(物)；混合状态【归纳拓展】mix A and/with B把甲与乙拌和起来mix sth. up把某物拌和；混淆某物mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去be/get mixed up with sth./sb.与某事有关；与某人混在一起【典例5】语法填空(2021 全国)The boy mixed vinegar with sugar, but the(mix
22、) tasted not so bad.【答案】mixture【解析】考查名词。句意：那男孩把醋和糖混在一起，但混合物尝起来还不错。此处用名词mixture (混合 物)作主语。故填mixture。1. (2019全国)The doctor suggested a (mix) diet of fruit and vegetables.【答案】mixed【解析】考查词形转换。句意：医生建议水果和蔬菜搭配着吃。设空处作定语修饰diet,故用形容词，mixed 混合的/掺杂在一起的，故填mixedo(2019全国)I dont want(mix)up in such a business.【答案】t
23、o be mixed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不想卷入这种事。根据句意和动词“wan俨想要，可知“想要做某事”用“want to do sth。而“mix”卷入和主语“I”是被动关系，即我被卷入。故用不定式的被动形式。故填to be mixed。2. A cool rain was falling (mix) with snow causing heavy traffic.【答案】mixed【解析】句意：一场雨伴着雪正在下着，引起了交通堵塞。根据固定短语：mixwith.其被动式：be mixedwith，把握关键词with ,故填mixed o. The corn powder wit
24、h two other things is mixed water to make all kinds of food.【答案】with【解析】句意：玉米粉和另外两种东西用水混合在一起做成各种各样的食物。With连接两个主语时，谓语 动词取决于前者；be mixed with意为“与混合，故填with。3. (mix) red paint with blue paint, you will get another beautiful paint of different colors.【答案】Mixing【解析】考查现在分词作状语。根据主从句的关系，主子主语you与从句动作mix为主动关系，且
25、主从句 动作上无先后关系，另根据句意，(如果)将红色和蓝色涂料混在一起，你将会得到另一种漂亮颜色的涂料。 故填 MixingoThe (mix) of better jobs and greater chances of self-promotion is what lies behind the return of oversea Chinese high-tech talents.【答案】mixture【解析】句意：既有更好的工作也有更多的自我提升的机会是海外高技术人才回归国内背后的原因所在。 此处the后为名词作主语,故填mixture。【变式】完成句子(1 )The chemist s
26、ome medicine for me.药剂师给我配了些药。(2) Oil and water dont.油和水不能混合。Oil won t water.油不能和水混合。【答案】(1) mixed (up) (2) mix (3) mix with用mix的短语的适当形式或介词填空。(1) Dont try to business pleasure.不要混淆了 正事和娱乐。Mix the eggs the flour.把鸡蛋和面粉混合一起。(3) I dont want to in the affair.我不想参与这件事。【答案】(1) mix; with (2) into ( 3) be m
27、ixed up知识点6.terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓【归纳拓展】terri自ed adj恐惧的；受惊吓的 terrifying adj.(令人)可怕的be terrified at/by sth.被某事(物)恐吓 be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事(物)be terrified that 从句【即时巩固】语法填空.(2020黑龙江哈尔滨三中期中)It was a really(terrify) experience. Afterwards everybody was shocked.【答案】terrifying【解析】考查形容词。句意：那是一
28、次真正令人恐惧的经历。后来所有人都震惊了。terrify是动词，应使用 它的形容词作定语修饰experience。terrified作形容词时的意思是：恐惧、害怕，常用于修饰人。terrifying 作形容词时的意思是：吓人的、令人害怕的，常用于修饰物。由此可知此处使用terrifying修饰experience。 故填 terrifying o(2020山西大同一中)From his(terrify) look, we could see the boy is frightened by the stranger.【答案】terrified【解析】考查形容词。句意：从男孩惊恐的表情中，我们可
29、以看出他被陌生人吓坏了。修饰后文名词look 应用-ed结尾形容词terrifed,表示“惊恐的故填terrified。1. (2021 全国) The children were(terrify) by the scream coming from the basement.【答案】terrified【解析】考查被动语态。句意：孩子们被地下室的尖叫声吓坏了。根据句意和提示词可知，空处应填所给 词的过去分词，和were一起构成被动语态。故填terrified。【变式】用terrify的适当形式或介词填空。(1) She that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.(2) She
30、was terrified the thought that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.(3) It was a experience.【答案】(1) was terri行ed that (2) at (3) terrifying完成句子(l)He his children with ghost stories.他讲鬼故事吓坏了 他的孩子。Her husband9 s violence her.她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐惧。(3)Judging from his look , he was 从他惊恐的表情判断，他非常害怕。【答案】(1) terrified (2) terri
31、fied (3) terrified ; terrifying 知识点7.distance n.距离；远方；遥远；疏远【归纳拓展】distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远in /from the distance 从远方out of distance from 离太远, 达不到keep sb. at a distance 对冷淡，与疏远keep one distance from 与保持距离【典例7】语法填空（2021 全国）It is important to consider（distant） from public transport
32、when buying a house.【答案】distance【解析】考查名词。句意：在买房子时，考虑与公共交通之间的距离是很重要的。设空处位于consider动词 后，接名词作宾语，故填distance。1. （2021 静宁县第一中学）When I heard the sound of the motorboat fade away in the（distant）, I felt heartbroken.【答案】distance【解析】考查名词。句意：当我听到汽艇的声音渐渐远去时，我的心都碎了。分析可知，此处应用名词作 介词in的宾语，in the distance”在远处”，为固定表达
33、。故填distance。2. （2021 全国）His house stands on a hill and can be seen from a of two miles, while mine is ten milesfrom his house, and our two families are related, （distant）【答案】distance distant distantly【解析】考查名词、形容词和副词。句意：他的房子坐落在山上，两英里远就可以看到，而我的房子离他 的房子有十英里远,而且我们两家是远房亲戚。第一空,根据上文冠词a可知应填名词distance,构成a di
34、stance of的距离“；第二空，表示“离远”短语为distant from；第三空修饰形容词related应用副词distantly,作状语。故填distancedistantdistantly。3. （2019黑龙江鹤岗中高三月考）Greta has always tended to keep her colleagues a distance.【答案】at【解析】考查固定短语。句意：Greta总是和她的同事很疏远。介词短语at a distance隔开一段距离，在远处； 本句表示她和同事关系疏远。故填at。4. . If you have good eyesight, you will
35、 be able to see the church the distance at the top of themountain.【答案】in【解析】本题的含义是如果你的视力好的话，你在山顶将能够看到远处的教堂，in the distance表示在远处 的意思，故填in。5. He just stood at distance, wondering if it was real goodbye.【答案】a, a【解析】句意：他站在远处，心里想着这是否是一次真正的再见。第一空考查固定搭配at a distance在远处； 第二空用不定冠词a表示“一次”。故填a, a。6. (2017江苏省如东
36、高级中学高三)Martin Luther King, Jr. put it that peace is not merely a(distance) goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal.【答案】distant【解析】句意：马丁路德金提出的和平不仅仅是我们寻求的一个遥远的目标，而且是一种手段，我们达成 目标的手段。修饰名词goal用形容词。故填distant。【变式】完成句子(1), I would see them waving their arms.从远处我能看到他们好挥舞着的胳膊。I can see
37、a light.我能够看到远处的灯光。(3) He kept a from others.他与别人保持距离。(4)1 dont know(距离)from Beijing to Shanghai.(5)The hospital is not(远)at all.(6)The oil painting looks better(远看起来).(7) He was asked many times to join the party, but he always(与人保持距离)【答案】(1) From the distance (2) at a distance (3) distance (4) the
38、 distance (5) distant from (6) at the distance (7) kept his distance知识点8.impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记【归纳拓展】impression n.c印象 感想impressive adj.给人印象深刻的impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth.使某人铭记某事物make/give/crate an impression on/upon. 给一个印象have/get the impression that 有的 E象【典例8】语法填空The audience（i
39、mpress） by his amazing performance.【答案】was impressed【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态与主谓一致。句意：观众们对他令人惊讶的表演印象深刻。根据句意， 这句话应使用一般过去时，“the audience”与impress之间是被动关系，且在这句话中强调所有的观众这个整 体，所以be动词使用单数形式。故填was impressed。1. （2020汪清县汪清第六中学）Whats your first（impress） of Hangzhou?【答案】impressions【解析】考查名词的数。句意:你对杭州的第一印象是什么？此处是of名词所有格，此
40、空用名词，impression 本是抽象名词（不可数）,在句中它具体化为可数名词，所以可以加s,表示“很多第一印象”。故填impressions。2. （2019黑龙江双鸭山一中）The new teacher made a good（impress） on the students.【答案】impression【解析】考查名词。句意：新老师给学生们留下了很好的印象。由a good修饰做made的宾语用名词，故填 impression.3. （2020甘肃兰州一中）The Peking Opera performance last night was really（impress）.【答案】i
41、mpressive【解析】考查形容词。句意：昨晚的京剧表演确实令人印象深刻。impress （给留下深刻印象）是动词， 此处需要填入impress的形容词形式impressive （给人深刻印象的）作表语。故填impressive。4. （2019全国） Mary took advantage of the opportunity and tried to make good impression on her newboss.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：玛丽抓住这个机会，试看给新老板留下好印象。make a good impression on sb., 意为“给某人留下好印象”，为固
42、定短语。故填a。5. （2021 黑龙江哈师大附中期末）She tried to make a good impression the interviewer.【答案】on人的重点短语1. rather than与其；不愿2. . be surrounded by/with 被包围3. settle down定居；平静下来；专心于4. manage to do 设法做5. catch sight of 看见；瞥见6. have a gjft for 对有天赋7. in the distance 在远处8. as for as远到；直到；至于9. at dawn在黎明，在拂晓10. thousa
43、nds of 成千上万的经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘 火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。2. Its too bad you can*t go as far as Ottawa, Canadas capital.彳艮遗憾你们不能远至ll渥太华力口拿大的首都。3. We dont l
44、eave until this evening,said Liu Qian.我们直到晚上才动身。刘倩说道。必备语法（高级句型）状语从句2.语法基础知识状语从句主题语境：话题自然地理（人与自然）语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文。【基础巩固】知识点1.sunpund vt.&vi.包围，环绕，围绕【归纳拓展】surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n. （pl.）环境【解析】考查介词。句意：她试图给面试官留下一个好印象。结合句意表示“给某人留下一个好印象“可知短语为 make a good impression on sb.o 故填 on
45、o（2021 全国） What was so（impress）about Jasmine Westland9s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.【答案】impressive【解析】考查形容词。句意：Jasmine Westland的胜利给人印象如此深刻的一点就是，她光着脚跑马拉松赛 并且夺得了第一名。impressive“给人深刻印象的，符合句意。was为系动词，后面跟形容词作表语，副词 so 修饰形容词 impressive。故填 impressiveo（2019石嘴山市第三中学期中）His speech
46、 was so that we were deeply at it. （impress）【答案】impressive, impressed【解析】句意：他的演讲给我们留下了深刻的印象。impressed意为“印象深刻的；钦佩的“，一般主语是人， 指某人（被某物/人）留下深刻印象;impressing意为“印象深的但一般不作形容词使用，一般作动词impress 的现在分词使用；impressive意为“给人以深刻印象的；感人的，一般主语是人或物，指某物/人（给其他 人）留下深刻印象。故第一空为impressive,第二空为impressed。故填impressive, impressedo-Ho
47、w do you find James Camerons 3D version of Titanic?-Fantastic! It can*t be （impress） and has brought us a wonderful experience.【答案】 more impressive【解析】考查情态动词cant和比较级连用表示最高级的用法，句意：-你认为卡梅隆的3D版的泰坦尼克号 怎样？ -好极了，印象不能在深刻了，给我们带来了奇妙的经历。故填more impressive。6. Sherlock is impressed the teachers and technology in his new school. Tn other words, the new schoolhas left a deep impression him.【答案】with; on【解析】考查介词。句意：夏洛克对他的新学校的教师和技术印象深刻。换句话说，这所新学校给他留下 了深刻的印象。be impressed with 对 印象深刻“。leave a deep impression on sb ”给某人留下深刻印象都 为固定短语。故填with; on。7. （2019江苏扬州中学期中）Sam, in eveiy way, has handled