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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第16讲 必修3 Unit 4练I.单词拼写（根据汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式）（天文学）is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.1. In order to protect the environment, people should make the best of（太阳的）energy.2. Weve got a good（系统）for dealing with complaints from customers.3. A（理论）i
2、s an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something about life or the world, especially an idea that has not yet been proved to be true.4. An（原子）is the smallest amount of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction.5. （碳）is a chemical element that diamonds and coal are made up
3、of.6. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly（气氛）We have to solve the（根本的）cause of the problem.7. A（锁链）is a series of metal rings which are joined together in a line and used for fastening things, supporting weights, decoration etc.8. Most of the evidence was destroyed i
4、n the fire.（于是），it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.9. The meaning of the poem has always been a（谜）,which puzzles many poets.10. （万有弓力）is the force that causes things to drop to the ground.11. The（气彳院）of a place is the general weather conditions that are typical of it.12. （牵弓I 力）means
5、an act of using force to move something towards you or in the same direction that you are.13. A（漂浮物）is a small light object that floats on the surface of the water, used by people trying to catch fish to show where their line is.14. A（卫星）is an object which has been sent into space in order to collec
6、t information or to be part of a communications system, which moves continually around the earth or around another planet.15. A（宇宙飞船）is a spacecraft that carries people through space.16. （宗教信彳卬）is belief in a god or gods and the activities that are connected with this belief, such as praying or wors
7、hipping in a building such as a church or temple.17. You can refer to the world as the（全球）when you are emphasizing how big it is or that something3. It aims to explore the planet and its rings and moons. It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the gas giant“ planet, which is the furth
8、est planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.Scientists say the spacecrafts four-year tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed. 4.The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturns moons, including Phoebe and Titan. Phoebe has a strange shape.& Saturns biggest moon, Titan,
9、is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface. The images of Phoebe and Titan look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.A. Saturn itself is made of gases.B. The pictures are hard to
10、 take in space.C. The probe is an international space project.D. They will discover more secrets about the spacecraft.E. The pictures show them in shades of blue, green and red.F. It will also study the planets atmosphere and magnetic field.G. Unlike other planets and their moons, it is not perfectl
11、y round.【答案】1. E2. A3. C4. F5. G【解析】这是一篇说明文。上周抵达土星的Cassini-Huygens太空探测器发回了土星著名光环的惊人照片， 这些照片是通过紫外线观测到的，文章主要介绍了 Cassini-Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。1. 根据上文“The Cassini-Huygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week has sent back amazing photographs of the planets famous rings viewed in ultraviolet ligh
12、t.（上周抵达土星的 Cassini-Huygens 太空探测 器发回了土星著名光环的惊人照片，这些照片是通过紫外线观测到的）“可知，上文提到了探测器拍摄到了照 片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中The pictures对应上文中photographs。故E选 项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示他们”符合语境，故选E。2. 根据上文“The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and froze
13、n gases.（红色表示环中含有小块岩石，蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物厂以及后文 “Thats why it is so light and it could float on water-if a big enough ocean could be found!（这就是为什么它这么 轻，而且它可以漂浮在水上如果能找到足够大的海洋的话！户可知，上文提到了照片上蓝色和绿色可能 是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说这就是它这么轻的原因，可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文让 指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境，故选A。3. 根据后文“It aims to e
14、xplore the planet and its rings and moons. It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.（它的 R 的 是探索行星及其环和卫星。它于1997年发射，其任务是探索这颗“气体巨星”，这是不用望远镜就能从地球 上看到的最远的行星厂可知，后文主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，后文中It指代C选项中The
15、probe。故 C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境，故选C。4. 根据上文“Scientists say the spacecrafts four-year tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed.（科学家 表示，航天器在土星的4年旅行可能会告诉他们土星环是如何形成的厂可知，上文提到了航天器在土星未来 的任务，F选项中It指代上文中the spacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境，故 选F。5. 根据上文“The probe has sent back pictures of som
16、e of Saturns moons, including Phoebe and Titan. Phoebe has a strange shape.（探测器发回了一些土星卫星的照片，包括菲比和土卫六。菲比的形状很奇怪广可知，上文提 到了土星卫星菲比形状很奇怪，可知本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中 Phoebeo故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境，故选G。X.书面表达（2020安徽淮北一中高三月考）假定你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国朋友Jim得知你对探月感兴趣， 发来邮件和你讨论该话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1 .月亮在中国文化
17、中的寓意；.你对人类探月活动的看法。注意：L词数100左右。2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】 Dear Jim,I am glad to share with you more details about my passion for moon exploration.It started with what I had been told about the moon as a kid and grew stronger with time. As you can guess, there is rich cultural meaning behind the faithful
18、 companion of the earth. In Chinese culture, as opposed to the masculinity of the sun, the moon is often compared to a quiet and elegant lady. Also, it reminds people of their family and friends far away. People feel reassured knowing that they are watching the same moon as if the mooncould serve as
19、 their messenger.Human beings have never stopped exploring our closest neighbor. I believe it is of great significance. The development of relevant technology facilitates the progress of science in general, which benefits our everyday life. Whats more, I think moon exploration shows an important hum
20、an trait, that is, curiosity about the unknown, which is the driving force that has brought our species this far.I hope you find what Ive mentioned above interesting and reasonable. By the way, what do you think of when you gaze at the moon? Write back and tell me about it!Yours, Li Hua 【解析】本篇书面表达属于
21、应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假定你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国朋友Jim得知 你对探月感兴趣，发来邮件和你讨论该话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.月亮在中国文化中的寓意；2,你对人类探月活动的看法。第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：share with you more details about my passion for moon exploration （跟大家分享一下我对月球探索的热情）；rich cultural meaning behind the faithful companion of the earth （大
22、地的忠实伴侣背后有着丰富的文化内涵）；benefits our everyday life （有益于我们的日常生活）；等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美 观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭 英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。It started with what I had been told about the moon as a kid and grew stronger
23、with time.句中使用 what 弓| 导的宾语从句；As you can guess, there is rich cultural meaning behind thefaithful companion of the earth.句中使用 as 引导的非限制性定语从句；The development of relevant technology facilitates the progress of science in general, which benefits our everyday life.句中 which 弓| 导非限制性定语从句。happens in many d
24、ifferent parts of it.20. Roses will not root in such(酸)soil.【答案】1. Astronomy 2. solar 3. system 4. theory 5. atom 6. Carbon 7. atmosphere 8. fundamental 9. chain 10. Thus 11. puzzle 12. Gravity 13. climate 14. Pull 15. float n. 16. satellite 17. spaceship 18. Religion 19. globe 20. acidII.单句语法填空(在空白
25、处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1. She is a very(religion) person who goes to church every Sunday.2. (atom) energy has been discovered for many years, but so far it has not been widely used in industry or in our daily life.3. His heart is beating(violent) in the breast.4. Despite the quarrel, he didnt mean(ha
26、rm) you.5. The wild elephant(chain) by the legs when it was under operation.6. Smoking(multiply) the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.7. As a doctor, you often need(lay) your personal feelings aside.8. The custom of arranged marriages still(exist) in many countries.9. What(puzzle) me
27、is why his books are so popular.10. In the storm a large branch came(crash) down.11. She has a toothache and has to have two teeth(pull).12. Exercise(lessen) the risk of heart disease.13. Some leaves(float) down from the tree when I looked up at the clouds(float) in the sky.14. However, according to
28、(wide) accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang that threw matter in all directions.15. They produced young generally by(lay) eggs.16. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years(come) will depend on whether this problem can be solved.17.1 cheered up immediately and
29、floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin(watch) the earth become smaller and the moon larger.18. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.19. Walking(do) need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.20. We wat
30、ched, (amaze) as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.【答案】1. religious 2. Atomic 3. violently 4. to harm 5. was chained 6. multiplies 7. to lay 8. exists 9. puzzles 10. crashing 11. pulled 12. lessens 13. floated /were floating; floating 14. widely 15. layin
31、g 16. to come 17. watching 18. which 19. does 20. amazedIII.词性、词形转换(请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空)Something that is done in a(system) way is done according to a fixed plan, in a thorough and efficient way.1. His(theory) were doubted by many scientists at first.2. We are taking a(globe) view of our business.4. (vi
32、olent) is behaviour that is intended to hurt, injure, or kill people.5. Greg is an honest boy; it is(like) him to tell lies.6. Your(present) is requested at the club meeting on Friday.7. Young as he is, he should know smoking is(harm) to his health.8. It was stormy last night; the bad weather(multip
33、ly) the danger of their exploration.1.1 was unaware of his(exist) until that day.10. It was a puzzling problem and still leaves me a little(puzzle).11. He patted me(gentle) on the back.12. The astronauts floated(weight) in the spaceship.1.1 1 was(exhaust) by the journey.14. The new project and measu
34、res will(less) the effects of car pollution.15. A(physics) is a scientist who has special knowledge and training in physics.16. Certain seafood is more likely than others to cause allergic(react).17. He(chain) his bike to the tree.18. They noticed a piece of paper(float) in the water.19. Viruses ten
35、d to be surviving after a computer system(crash).20.1 saw a man was shouting at a driver whose car was(block) the gateway.【答案】1.systematical系统的2. theories理论3. global全球的，总体的4. Violence暴力5. unlike不像6. presence 出席 7. harmful 有害的 8. multiplied 增加 9. existence 存在 10. puzzled 困惑的 11. gently 轻轻 地12. weight
36、lessly失重地 地exhausted筋疲力尽的14. lessen减轻15. physicist物理学家（比较: physician 内科医师）16. reactions 反应 17. chained 用链锁上 18. floating 漂浮 19. crashes 崩溃 20. blocking 堵塞.短语练习（用所列短语的适当形式填空）block out; break out; cheer up; give birth to; in one*s turn; in time; get the hang of; now that;prevent. from; watch out forTh
37、e Nanchang Uprising the revolutionary army led by our Party.1. for their striker; he would cause us all sorts of problems.2. He pulled down the shades,the strong sunlight.3. the problem is solved, nothing remains to be said.4. We must the trouble spreading.5. Don*t let that get you down. Youll it.6.
38、 He filled in the form（依次）.7. When you or when something you, you stop feeling depressed and become morecheerful.8. If something such as war, fighting, or virus, it begins suddenly.9. Firemen reached the house on fire.【答案】1 , gave birth to 2. Watch out 3. blocking out 4. Now （that） 5. prevent; from
39、6. get the hang of 7. in his turn 8. cheer up; cheers; up 9. breaks out 10. in time.句式结构练习（根据汉语提示或者句式结构填空）The earth became violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.1. It is an interesting book that everyone wants to read it.2. This produced a chain reaction, which made possi
40、ble for life to develop.3. Who was that helped you just now?4. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice far as on the earth and fell over.5. This road is six times theof that one.这条路是那条路的六倍长。6. The production is now three times it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。7. Walking does n
41、eed a bit of practice gravity has changed.8. you havent finished the work, you are not allowed to leave.9. He runs faster than me three times.他跑得比我快三倍。【答案】1. so 2. such 3. it 4. it 5. as 6. length 7. what 8. now (that) 9. Since 10. byVI.课文语法填空(阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)The earth was just a clo
42、ud of dust 1 future is uncertain after the “Big Bang”. Then the dust 2(begin) to settle into a solid globe which was so violent and exploded loudly with fire and rock, to be in time to produce many things, which was to make the earths atmosphere. With the earth 3(cool) down, water beganto appear and
43、 it allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases. Then life began to develop.Many millions of years 4(late), small plants appeared. They 5(multiply) and filled the oceansand seas 6 oxygen. Land animals followed after the first green plants appeared. Then small clever 7(animal) spread all over the wor
44、ld.Humans developed new means of growing, hunting and 8 (move) around. As time went by they covered the earth. Now too much carbon dioxide has been putting into the atmosphere,9 prevents heat fromescaping from the earth into space. As a result, the problem of global warning occurs. Whether life will
45、 continue on the earth for millions of years to come 10(depend) on whether this problem can be solved.1.2.3.4.5.9.7.8.9.10.【答案】1. whose 2. began 3. cooling 4. later 5. multiplied 6. with 7. animals 8. moving 9. which 10. depends vn.【过关练】状语从句专练(2021 天津耀华中学高三期末)Peter had been puzzled over the problem
46、for over an hour all atonce the solution flashed across his mind.A. whenB. whileC. thenD. as【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句连词。句意：Peter已经被这个问题困扰一个多小时了，突然解决方法从他脑海里闪 过。A.when当时候;B.while当时候,尽管，然而;C.then然后；D.as当，因为，尽管。分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型had donewhen“已经/刚做完某事(突然)就”，故选A项。1. (2021 天津市宝垠区第一中学高三三模)Under the regulation, restauran
47、ts and hotels shall stop offering throwaway items customers request them.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. until【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。句意：根据规定，餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品，除非顾客要求。since作为连词，表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句；once用作连词，既可以表 示“条件（=if, as long as）,也可以表示“时间”（=as soon as）； unless意为“除非，如果不”，常用来引导条 件状语从句；until作为连词，意为
48、“直到”引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知，如果顾客不要求的话，根 据规定，餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品。状语从句表示条件，结合选项看，选项C符合题意。故选C 项。2. （2021 天津滨海新区高三期末）He flashed me a quick smile but rapidly swallowed it he saw myexpression.A. when.B. unless.C. ifD. until【答案】A【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：他对我很快地笑了一下，但当看到我的表情时，他马上就忍住了。A. when. 当时；B. unless.除非；C. if； D. until直到为止。文中表示“当时”,引导时间状语从句，故选A。3. （2021 天津市武清区杨村第一中学高三一模）Mary rushed home she heard the news, only thather husband was gone.A. as soon as; findingB. immediately; to findC. the moment; findD. when; found【答案】B【解析】考查连接词辨析和非谓语动词。句意：Mary一听到这个消息就冲回家，结果却发现她丈夫已经不 在了。第一空, A. as soon as 一就；B.