专题10 必修2 Unit4-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(讲)(含答案解析).docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第 010 讲 必修 2 Unit 4 Wildlife protection讲【核心素养分析】语言知识:要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1 .考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目单词及其词性变化(语法填空必备)重点单词1. protection n.保护protectv.保护一protective adj .保护的,防护的2. decrease vi. & vt.减少;(使)变小或变少3. lossn.损失;遗失;丧失一lose v.遗失,丢失一loser n.输家;失败者一lost adj.遗失的, 失去的4. hunt vt. & v

2、i打猎;猎取;搜寻5. respond vi.回答;响应;作出反应6. certain adj.确定的;无疑的;某种7. contain vt.包含;容纳;容忍一container n.容器8. powerful adj,强大的;有力的powerfully adv.有力地power v.给提供动力9. affect vt.影响;感动;侵袭10. appreciate vt.鉴赏;感激;意识到11. succeed vi.成功vt.接替;继任12. employ vt.雇用;利用(时间、精力等)13. harm n. & vt.损害;危害harmful adj.有害的14. bite vt. &

3、 vi.咬;叮;刺痛bit(过去式)一bitten(过去分词)15.inspect vt.检查;视察16. fierce adj.凶猛的;猛烈的一fiercely adv.猛烈地fierceness n.猛烈重点短语1. die out灭亡;逐渐消失2. in peace和平地;安详地;和睦地3. in danger(of)在危险中,垂危4. in relief如释重负5. burst into laughter 突然笑起来【答案】that【解析】考查it作形式主语和主语从句。句意:他们队最后肯定会输掉这场比赛。分析句子结构可知,该 句使用了主系表结构,在该结构中,“ their team w

4、ill lose the game in the end”为真正主语,it为形 式主语,在主语从句中,their team will lose the game in the end(他们队最后会输掉这场比赛)”语义完整,不 缺少句子成分,所以应用that引导该从句,故填that。3 . (2021 江苏)a certain extent, the worlds knowledge is all at our fingertips.(用适当的词填空)【答案】To【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:在某种程度上,世界上的知识唾手可得。根据空后的a certain extent及句意 可知,此处应填to,

5、to a certain extent表示“在某种程度上”,故填To。4 .(天津耀华中学高三)1 am sorry I am very busy now. If I had time, I would(certain )go to the movies with you.【答案】certainly【解析】句意:对不起,我现在太忙了。如果有时间我肯定和你一块去看电影。修饰动词用副词形式,故 填 certainly o【变式】单项选择.(黑龙江期末)It is almost that he will be elected chairman of the Students9 Union.A. ce

6、rtainB. exactC. rightD. sure【答案】A【解析】考查语境及固定句式。句意:几乎可以肯定的是他将要当选学生会主席。A. certain确定的,必然 的;B. exact精确的,准确的;C. right正确的;D. sure有把握的;It,s certain that为固定句式,意为“.是 肯定”,句中的it作形式主语-,真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句,is是系动词,certain是形容词形 式作表语。虽然certain与sure有相同的意思,但“It is.that结构中只能用certain,不能用sure。例句:心certain that he will co

7、me today.(可以肯定他今天会来。)It is that I can still remember was discussed at the meeting.A. sure; whenB. sure; whatC. certain; when D. certain; what【答案】D【解析】it is certain that确定;what引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语。本题容易误选A项。sure的主语不能用it, when不能充当从句中的主语。完成句子(1 )There was in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。(2)Are you it?你对此有把握吗?(3)He is

8、his duty.他肯定会尽职。(4)he has wronged me.我确信他冤枉了我。(5)their team will win the match.他们队肯定会赢得比赛。【答案 1 (l)a certain coldness(2)certain about/of(3)certain to do(4)Im certain that(5)Its certain that考点4.contains包含;包括;容纳;控制;抑制【易混易错】contain/includeTry not to eat food which contains a lot of fat.尽量不吃含很多脂肪的食物。con

9、tain可指所包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分。主语与宾语不是同一类的东西。include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去,常使用“inchiding+被包括部分”或“被 包括部分+ included的结构。There are 60 students in our class, including 20 girl students.=There are 60 students in our class, 20 girl students included.我们班有60名学生,其中20名女学生。【典例4】语法填空(2021 静宁县第一中学月考)Be especially careful of i

10、nformation (contain) in advertisements.【答案】contained【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:要特别注意广告中所含的信息。名词information与contain之间为被动关 系,所以用过去分词作定语。根据句意,故填contained。1. (2021 全国) Researchers have discovered that “night milk (contain)more melatonin.【答案】contains【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:研究人员发现,“夜奶”含有更多的褪黑激素。该句是复合句,含that 引导的宾语从句;从句在说目前的客

11、观事实,所以用一般现在时,且主语是单数第三人称“nightmilk”,谓 语动词应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填contains。2. (2021 吴江汾湖高级中学月考)I received a letter(contain) some important information about the project.【答案】containing【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:我收到一封包含这个项目的一些重要信息的信。分析句子成分和句 子结构可知,句中无连词,已有谓语动词received,可推断设空处是非谓语动词;设空处修饰名词a letter, 与逻辑主语a letter之间是主动关系,表示

12、主动要用现在分词形式。故填containing。3. (2021 黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校期中)If you are trying to lose weight, yoiTd better have drinks (contain)no sugar.【答案】containing【解析】考查现在分词。句意:如果你想减肥,你最好喝不含糖的饮料。本句主语是you,谓语动词是have, 所以contain是非谓语动词,contain和drinks之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,故填containing。4. (2021 全国)As Benjamin Franklin put it, “A hous

13、e is not a home unless it(contain) food and fire for the mind as well as the body.【答案】contains【解析】考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意:正如本杰明富兰克林所言:“房子不是家,除非里面有食物和 火,既可以供给我们的身体,也可以供给我们的心灵。根据A house is not a home”可知,此处应用一般现 在时。主语it为第三人称单数。故填contains。5. (2020甘肃兰州一中)The box (contain) all the books you need, (include) an Eng

14、lish-English dictionary.【答案】contains; including【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:这个盒子里有你需要的所有书,包括一本英英词典。contain指全部包括在 内,include指部分包括;including在这里作介词用,补充说明前面的主句。分析句意可知,这个盒子里有 你需要的所有书,包括一本英英词典。故填contains; including。【变式】单项选择The book 30 short novels, three written by my father.A. contains; includedB. contains; includingC.

15、includes; containedD. includes; containing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:这本书包含了 10篇文章,包括我爸爸写的三篇。contain指包含所有内容或 者部分内容;include包含部分内容。including介词,包括;结合句意可知C正确。1. (2020甘肃兰州一中月考)The box all the books you need,an English-English dictionary.A. contains; to includeB. contains; includingC. includes; containedD. include

16、s; containing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:这个盒子里有你需要的所有书,包括一本英英词典。contain指全部包括在 内,include指部分包括;including在这里作介词用,补充说明前面的主句。分析句意可知,这个盒子里有 你需要的所有书,包括一本英英词典。故选B。2. The bag a lot of books,some English books and history books.A. contains; includedB. contains; includingC. includes; containedD. includes; containing【答案

17、】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:这个包里装有你需要的所有的书,其中包括一本英汉字典。contain include 都有“包含”的意思,但contain强调容量,表示包含所含之物的的全部或部分;include强调范围,表示所包 含之物中的一部分。including意为“包括”,为介词。此处第一空强调容量,表示包含所含之物的的全部或部 分,故用contains;第二空强调范围,表示所包含之物中的一部分,而且分析句子,不是用动词,故用including。 故选Bo.(江苏期末)Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, which enough steel to build 60

18、 Eiffel Towers, isconsidered a miracle in the history of bridge architecture.A. contains B. has contained C. contained D. is containing【答案】A【解析】考查时态。这个定语从句中使用一般现在时对珠港澳大桥的情况进行陈述,与主句时态一致。句 意:珠港澳大桥用的钢铁可以制造60座埃菲尔铁塔,这座大桥北认为是桥梁建筑史上的奇迹。故A项正确。4 . The committee five members,one elderly and two middle-aged co

19、mrades.A. is consisted of; containingB. consists of; includingC. consists in; includesD. consists of; containing【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。句意:委员会由五名委员组成,包括一名老人和两名中年同志。consists of“由. 组成工不能用被动语态。include的宾语指的是部分内容或容量,表示一个整体由几个部分组成,侧重包括者 只是整体的一部分。contain指包含的全部内容或容量.如果指的是里面所含的成分时,也用contain。根据句意,B选项正确。完成句子(l)His pap

20、er no mistakes at alL他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)Orange juice things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。(3)This bottle two glasses of beer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。(4)He couldnl for joy.他不胜欢喜。【答案】(1 )contained(2)contains(3)contains(4)contain himself知识点5.affect vt.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭【归纳拓展】be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动be af

21、fected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉be affected with high fever 发高烧【易混易错】affect/effect/influenceaffect只能用作及物动词,其含义是“使发生变化”,因此“影响”这一词义还可 以引申为“感动,感染effect用作名词,着重指影响的“结果”或“作用”。常用于词组have an effect on中, 意思相当于affect。effect也可以用作及物动词,但意思完全不同,意为“使 发生,产生结果。influenee既可用作名词,也可用作动词,通常指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。常用的

22、短语搭配:have an influenceon sb./sth.意为“对某人/某事物有影响工【典例5】语法填空(2009上海高考真题)With the governments aid, those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.【答案】affected【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在政府的紧急救援下,那些受到地震影响的灾区民众已经转移到新的居 民区。With the government aid是状语,by the earthquake是后置定语修饰句子主语those,句子的真 正谓语动词是have,

23、过去分词作后置定语。故填affected。1. The south of the country was worst affected the drought.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意:该国南部受干旱影响最严重。分析可知,此处为被动语态,故应由介词by引出 动作的发出者the drought, be affected by“受影响。故填by。2. The south of the country(affect) by the drought.【答案】was affected【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:这个国家的南部受到干旱的影响。结合语境此处应用一般过去时,描 述过去发生的事情,

24、且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故为一般过去时的被动语态。主语为The south of the country,谓语动词用单数。故填was affected。3. (affect) by the failure in the exam, he lost heart.【答案】Affected【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:受考试失败的影响,他灰心了。分析可知,此处应用非谓语动词作状语, 逻辑主语he和affect之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填Affected。4. (2021 浙江月考) Most people present at the meeting(affect)by his sp

25、eech yesterday.【答案】were affected【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:昨天出席会议的大多数人都受到他的演讲的影响。根据句中“yesterday” 可知,句子陈述的是发生在过去的事,且句子主语“Most people”与“affect”之间为被动关系,即大多数人被 影响,故句子为一般过去时的被动语态,people”为集合名词,与were连用,“affec之意为“影响”,动词词 性,过去分词为affectedo故填were affectedo(2021 全国)The researchers said genes werent the only factors(affect)

26、 peoples tastes.【答案】t。affect【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员表示,基因并不是影响人们口味的唯一因素。分析句子,该空 所给动词affect在句中作后置定语,修饰名词factors; the only所修饰的名词常用不定式作后置定语。故填 to affect o(2021 全国) Without electricity and the water supply, the town(affect) greatly so far.【答案】has been affected【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意:由于停水停电,这个小镇目前已经受到了很大的影响。根据 时间

27、状语so far可知I,此处应用现在完成时。且单数名词the town与affect之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态, 故填 has been affected o(2021 鸡西实验中学期中)One third of the area(affect) by the severe drought in the past two months. 【答案】has been affected【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的两个月里,该地区三分之一的地区受到严重干旱的影响。根 据后文in the past two months可知应用现在完成时,主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动

28、语态;且“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语,其谓语动词形式要以of后面的名词area而定,故助动词应用 haso 故填 has been affectedoTo avoid (affect) , the students insist that he be separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty.【答案】being affected【解析】句意:为了避免被影响,他要求把他和他淘气的同桌分开。由句意可知,为了避免受到影响,故 用不定式作目的状语。避免做某事,avoid doing sth.,使用动名词的被动语态。故填being affe

29、cted。5. The 8.8 quake in central Chile caused widespread damage, destroying lost of buildings and hundreds of thousands Of people (affect) .【答案】affected【解析】考查非谓语。由句意:智利中部的8.8级地震导致广泛的破坏,破坏了很多大楼,使得人们受到了 影响”可知此处用过去分词affected,与people之间构成动宾关系,故填affectedo(重庆巴蜀中学月考)To prevent price decrease (affect) farmer

30、s9 income, the central government has decided to buy more crops to protect them.【答案】affecting【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意:为了阻止价格下降影响农民们的收入,中央政府已经决定购 买更多的农作物来保护他们。固定搭配:prevent sb. (from) doing sth,阻止某人做某事,故填affecting。6. (2019福建厦门夕卜国语学校)Every mother has (affect) for her children.【答案】affection【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:每个母亲

31、都爱她的孩子。have affection for.,为固定搭配,意为“深爱着, 对衷爱”,故填affectiono【变式】单项选择(2021 广东期末) A terrible earthquake struck two regions of China,every aspect of local people.A. affectB. affectedC. affectingD. to affect【答案】c【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一场可怕的地震袭击了中国的两个地区,影响了当地人民的方方面面。A. affect影响(原形);B. affected影响(过去分词,表被动与完成);C.aff

32、ecting影响(现在分词,表主主 动与正在发生/表示情理之中的结果);D.t。affect影响(不定式,表将来与目的)。分析句子可知,affect(影 响)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语A terrible earthquake之间为主动关系,根据句意可知,“every aspect of local people.”是地震带来的情理之中的结果,应用现在分词表主动,作结果状语。故选C项(2021 江西南昌二中期末)My mother has always been an inspiration for me, so what she said had me.A. a big effect in

33、B. a deep effect for C. a deep effect on D. a deep affect on【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:我妈妈一直是我灵感的来源,所以她说的话对我有很大的影响。影响的动 词形式 affect;名词形式为 effect, have a/an .effect on.“对 产生 的影响”;have a deep impression on me“对我产生很深的影响: 故选C。1. The movie once a whole generation of people. It was proved to be of muchin the educa

34、tion of people.A. affected; effectB. effected; affectC. effected; effectD. affected; affect【答案】A【解析】考查动词和名词词性。句意:这部电影曾经影响了整整一代人。它被证实对育人有很大的影响。 affect艮影响;effect比影响,结果。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,第一空在句中作谓语,故填动词affected; 第二空,介词of后用名词,故填effect。结合选项可知,A项正确。故选A。4.(江苏月考)Too much smoking and drinking him greatly, which m

35、eant bad living habits had anon his health.A. affect; effectB. affected; effectC. affected; effectsD. affect; effects【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。句意:抽烟与酗酒严重影响了他,这意味着这种不好的生活方式影响着他的健 康。Affect是动词,影响;have an effect on对,影响,故选B项。考点:考查近义词辨析Although her disease her eyesight and forced her to leave the dance floor, she

36、refuses to fall into self-pity.A. has affected B. affectedC. affectsD. had affected【答案】A【解析】句意:虽然他的病已经影响了她的视力并迫使她离开了舞台,但是她拒绝自怨自艾。根据she refuses to fall into self-pity.可知是对现在的情况进行说明,所以前面的动作affect是过去的事情对现在的影响,forced 是现在分词前面的has被省略了。所以选A。完成句子(1 )The amount of rain the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。(2)0ne

37、of her lungs a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染,所以她不得不休息。(3)The audience by his speech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。答案】 affects(2)is affected(3)were de叩ly affected知识点6.appreciate vt.欣赏;感激;喜欢【归纳拓展】appreciation n.欣赏;感激appreciate sth. (thank sb.)感激某事或某人appreciate doing sth.感激做某事one/one,s doing sth.感激某人做某事I wou

38、ld appreciate it if.如果,我将不胜感激。【典例6】语法填空. (2020浙江宁波市余姚中学期中)( appreciate) by others is something that always makes people happy.【答案】Being appreciated【解析】考查动名词。句意:被别人欣赏是一件让人快乐的事情。分析句子结构,“ byothers”在句子 中是主语;即preciate是动词,因此用动名词形式作主语;短语be appreciated by sb.得到某人的赞赏”,因此 用动名词的被动形式being done作主语。故填Being apprec

39、iatedo. (2021 黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校开学考试)In his letter, he thanked me for my appreciating his work and my(appreciate) made him confident again.【答案】appreciation【解析】考查名词。句意:在他的信中,他感谢我对他工作的欣赏,我的欣赏使他重新充满信心。形容词 性物主代词my后接名词形式。根据句意,故填appreciation。1 .They all appreciated(give) the opportunity to go abroad for further

40、 study.【答案】being given【解析】考查动名词。句意:他们很感激被给予出国深造的机会。动词短语appreciate doing感激做某事; 主语they与动词give构成被动关系,要使用动名词的被动语态,所以要填being given。2 .rd appreciate it you can help me figure out this problem.【答案】if【解析】考查固定句式。句意:如果你能帮我解决这个问题,我会很感激的。Ed叩preciateitif意为“如果 我会很感激、为固定句式。故填if。3 . Han Han wrote several novels, al

41、most all of them (appreciate) by teenagers.【答案】appreciated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意“韩寒写有几部小说,差不多所有的小说都被青少年喜欢逗号后是非谓语 部分,novels和appreciate是动宾关系,故用过去分词。故填叩predated。【注意】主语是almost all of them所以这里不是定语从句。4 .(江苏期末) Id appreciate if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.1 would appreciate (help) you.【答案】it

42、; helping【解析】考查动词appreciate的用法。rd appreciate it if.为固定用法,表示如果 我将感激不尽。appreciate后应接动名词,表示喜欢做某事。句意为:如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑的话我将感激不尽。 我愿意帮助你。故填it; helpingo.(北京市平谷区第五中学期中)I bought her a beautiful bag to show my (appreciate) of all the help shed given me.【答案】appreciation【解析】句意:我给她买了一个漂亮的包来表示我对她对我的帮助的感激。appreciatio

43、n感激。根据所给语 境,故填 appreciation。【变式】单项选择hip-hop is popular with youngsters, Tm still not accustomed it.A. As, to appreciatingB. Although, to appreciateC. Even though, to appreciatingD. While, to appreciate【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句和非谓语动词。句意:即使嘻哈很受年轻人的欢迎,我仍然不习惯不能欣赏它。第 一个空是状语从句。根据Im still not accustomed得知,我不习惯嘻哈,即使它

44、很流行。第二个空be accustomed to doing是固定短语,表示“习惯于: 故选C。1. Some institutions have established reading clubs to promote reading, but the effort, though, is far from6. protect.from 保护不受(危害)7. pay attention to 注意8. come into being 形成; 产生9. according to按照;根据所说10. do harm to 危害11. without mercy 毫不留情地12. respond

45、to 对作出回答经典句型(高考书面表达必 备)1. Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater. 请把我带到遥远的地方,在那里我能找到为制作这件毛衣提供皮毛的那种动物。2. There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad.在那里,戴茜看到一只藏羚羊面带忧郁的神色。3. It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the

46、WWF suggests.这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性,不过,我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮 助你们。必备语法(高级句型)定语从句2.语法基础知识定语从句主题语境:话题保护动物(人与自然)语言技能:能在主题语境下,运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文。【基础巩固】知识点1.respond vi.回答;响应;做出反应【归纳拓展】response n.回答,回复;反应respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to 正式)respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.)用回应某人(事)respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部

47、分)对医药有良好反应response to sb./sth.(对人/物)的回答/回复/反应in response to 作为对的反应enough.A. appreciated B. appreciating C. having appreciated D. to appreciate【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:一些机构已经建立了阅读俱乐部来促进阅读,但这种努力虽然受到 赞赏,但还远远不够。这句话是由though引导的让步状语从句,努力和赞赏的关系是被动关系,所以这句 状语从句的完整形式是though the effort is appreciated。在状语从句中,如果从句的主

48、语和主句主语一致,且 有be动词时,则省略主语和be动词,那么这句话就变成though appreciated。故此题选A。2. (J 匕京高三)If you were to have a few minutes free, I the opportunity to ask you one more question.A. would appreciateB. would have appreciatedC. were to appreciateD. had appreciated【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你有几分钟的空闲时间,我将会珍惜这个机会再问您一个问题。将来 时的虚拟语气中,从句为:if+主语+were to

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