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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第05讲 必修1 Unit 5讲【核心素养分析】语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1 .考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）quality n.质量；品质；性质active adj.积极的;活跃的一actively adv.积极地activity n.活动devote vt.（与to连用）献身;专心于devoted adj.忠实的,深爱的devotion n.奉献1. found vt.建立;建设principle n.法则；原则；原理peaceful adj.和平的;平静的；安宁的peace n.和
2、平legal adj.法律的;依照法律的illegal（反义词）2. hopeful adj,怀有希望的;有希望的hopeless（反义词）hope n. & v.希望youth n,青年；青年时期vote vt. & vi.投票;选举n.投票；选票；表决attack vt.进攻;攻击；抨击重点单词_violence n.暴力；暴行violent adj.猛烈的,凶暴的equal adj.相等的,平等的一equaHy adv.相等地equality n.同等，平等willing adj.乐意的;自愿的3. escape vi.逃脱;逃走；泄露educate vt.教育;训练一educated
3、adj.受过教育的;有教养的education n.教育/丫上&丫士请求；乞求4. relative n.亲戚；亲属relation n 关系relationship n. 关系5. terror n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动Tteirorism n.恐怖主义teirorist n.恐怖 分子reward n.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏opinion n.意见；看法；主张【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：在其他条件相同的情况下，一个英语学得好的人肯定比一个英语学得 差的人有优势。分析句子可知，空格处动词要用非谓语形式，因为主句中已经有谓语动词，逻辑主语。ther things与主句主语
4、a man并不一致，所以空格处要用独立主格结构，根据逻辑主语other things与be equal 之间为主动关系，故用being equal。故选A。【变式】单项填空（2019全国）Diet and exercise are（equal） important to health.【答案】equally【解析】考查副词。句意：饮食和运动对健康同样重要。修饰形容词important应用副词，故填equally。1. The rent was equal half his monthly income.【答案】to【解析】句意：租金相当于他半个月的收入。分析句子可知，本句为短语be equal
5、 t。等于，故用介词t。2. He doubted whether she would be equal the task.【答案】to【解析】句意：他怀疑她是否胜任这项任务。be equal to sth.胜任某事，符合句意。故答案为to。3. He has ability. He is equal the research work.【答案】to【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他有能力。他能胜任这项研究工作。be equal to sth胜任故填to。4. （2020全国）The two ropes are equal length.（用适当的词填空）【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：这两根
6、绳子一样长。固定搭配：in length“在长度上”。故填in。5. （2020黑龙江哈尔滨三中）Richardson concluded from his studies that （equal） between the sexes is still a long way off.【答案】equality【解析】考查名词。句意：理查森从他的研究中得出结论，两性平等还有很长的路要走。此处是名词作主 语,应用名词equality （平等）。故填equality。6. （2020全国）He is not equal the position and we*d better get someone
7、else to do it.（用适当的词填空）【答案】to【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他不能胜任这个职位，我们最好找别人来做。be equal t。为固定短语，意为“胜任”。故填to。7. （2021 黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校）Dont you believe in the（equal） between men and women?（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】equality【解析】考查名词。句意：难道你不相信男女平等吗？空处作宾语，表示“平等”应填名词equality,表抽象 概念,不可数。故填equality。8. In my opinion, nobody but him is eq
8、ual the job, because he masters good skills in it.（用适当的词填空）【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：在我看来，除了他以外，没有人能胜任这项工作，因为他掌握了很好的技能。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be equal to”，意为“胜任”，短语中t。为介词，后接名词或动名词。 故填tOo（2021黑龙江实验中学）Born in America, they never stop fighting against racial（equal）.（所 给词的适当形式填空）【答案】inequality【解析】考查名词。句意：出生在美国，他们从未停止过
9、对种族不平等的斗争。分析可知，此处应用名词 作介词against的宾语，结合句意，此处用inequality“不平等”符合语境，该词是抽象概念，不可数。故填 inequality o（2021 浙江）As a boss, he manages to treat every member of staff（equal）.（所给词的适当形式填 空）【答案】equally【解析】考查副词。句意：作为一个老板，他设法平等地对待每一位员工。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词treat, equal的副词为equally“平等地”。故填equallyo知识点5.reward n.报酬;奖金；vt.酬劳,奖赏【归纳
10、拓展】reward n.报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳，奖赏rewarding adj.报答的，有益的，值得的as a reward for作为（对某事的）报酬/奖赏in reward of为酬谢；作为奖励reward sb. for sth./doing sth.为（做）某事而报答某人reward sb. with sth.用某物奖赏某人【典例5】语法填空There is a notice saying: Anyone returning the ring will（reward）.【答案】be rewarded【解析】考查语态。句意：有一个寻物启事说：任何归还戒指的人都能得到报酬。本句主语anyo
11、ne与动词 reward构成被动关系，要用被动语态，所以要填be rewarded。1. （2019西城区北京四中期中）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts（reward） with success in the coming exam.【答案 1 will be rewarded【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习，他们的努力将在即将到来的考试中获得成功。 本句主句efforts与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据下文in the coming exam可知为一般将来时,故填wi
12、ll be rewarded。2. （2020全国）Winning the match was just the reward the effort the team had made.（用适当的词填空）【答案】for【解析】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：赢得比赛只是对他们所作出努力的回报。a/the reward for （doing） sth 意为“因（做）某事而获得的奖励”，为固定搭配，此处用介词短语作后置定语。所以此处应用介词for。故 填 fOFoIt is （reward） to try new things.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】rewarding【解析】考查形容词作表语。
13、句意：尝试新事物是值得的。句中be动词is后面是形容词作表语，所给词 reward“奖赏”是动词，其形容词是re warding “值得的”，在句中作表语。故填rewarding。3. When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said that he found it very interesting and（reward）.【答案】rewarding【解析】考查形容词。句意：当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得这很有趣，也很有价值。 Rewarding用作形容词“有价值的”，在句中作宾语补足语，故填rewardi
14、ng。4. （2019胡南长沙中高三月考）Unfortunately, although van Gogh committed his whole being to painting, he received little reward his effort.【答案】for【解析】考查固定短语。句意：不幸的是，尽管梵高全身心地投入到绘画中，他的努力却没有得到什么回 报。固定短语reward for“因而获得回报故填for。5. （2021 全国）I will lend her some money in reward her timely help.（用适当的词填空）【答案】for【解析】考查
15、介词。句意：我会借给她一些钱来酬谢她及时的帮助。in reward for表示作为的报酬: 故填for。6. .（2020全国）Some educators advocate that children （reward） for their good behaviour.（所给词的 适当形式填空）【答案】（should） be rewarded【解析】考查时态语态和虚拟语气。句意：一些教育家主张对行为良好的孩子予以奖励。分析可知，空处 为宾语从句谓语动词，主语children和reward之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，advocate后面的宾语从句 用虚拟语气，谓语部分表达为：（should
16、） +动词原形。故填（should） be rewardedo（2020全国）Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and（reward）experience.（所给 词的适当形式填空）【答案】rewarding【解析】考查形容词。句意：沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣而有益的经历。根据设空前interesting and 及设空后名词experience,可知此处要用形容词来修饰名词。名词reward,表示“回报”，其形容词形式为 re wardingo 故填 rewarding 0（2021 吉林长春市）We shoul
17、d reward him（generous）for a days hard work .（所给词的适当形 式填空）【答案】generously【解析】考查副词。句意：他辛苦了一天，得好好酬劳他一下。分析句子结构可知，空处需用作状语修饰 动词reward, generous的副词为generously“慷慨地，好好地故填generouslyo（2020全国）The woman got nothing in reward her kindness, which made her very upset.（用适当的词填空）【答案】for【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这个女人的好心没有得到任何回报，这让她
18、很失望。分析句子结构可知， 空格处应填介词与空格前in reward构成固定搭配，in reward for表示作为的回报”。故填for。12. （2019全国）There9s nothing（rewarding） than putting smiles on the faces around you.（所给 词的适当形式填空）【答案】 more rewarding【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：没有什么比让你周围的人都面带微笑更值得的了。提示词rewarding 为形容词译为“有益的，值得的”。根据题干中的than可知，此处需用形容词的比较级。rewarding为多音节， 其比较级的形式为
19、“more+形容词的原级”。故填more rewardingo（2021 赤峰二中期末）Teaching can be（reward） , and you should always have a sincere heart.（所 给词的适当形式填空）【答案】rewarding【解析】考查形容词。句意：教书是有回报的，你应该有一颗真诚的心。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容 词作表语，再结合句意“有回报的是rewardingo故填rewardingo（2019全国）The work is difficult, but it also very（reward）when people do well a
20、nd get cured.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】rewarding【解析】考查形容词。句意：这项工作很困难，但当人们做得很好并被治愈时，这也是非常值得的。根据“when people do well and get cured”可知，此处是指这项工作是值得的。表示“值得的”可用形容词rewarding。故填 rewarding o【变式】单项填空（2020广东华南师大附中期末）He is an untiring of educational reform. He advocates theteachers for their excellent jobs.A. advocator;
21、rewardingB. advocate; rewardingC. advocator, to rewardD. advocate; to reward【答案】A【解析】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：他是教育改革的不懈倡导者，他主张对教师的出色工作给予奖励。 分析句子结构可知：第一个设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词作句子表语，设空处应为名词，结合句意， 此处指“提倡者”，故用advocator；第二个设空处在句中作非谓语，advocate doing sth提倡做某事。故答案为Ao（2020赤峰二中高三月考）She was a medal as a for her courage.A. rewa
22、rded, awardedB. awarded, rewardC. awarded, pricesD. priced, awarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：她被授予一枚奖章作为对她勇气的嘉奖。选项涉及三 个单词，award作动词意为“授予，奖励”，作名词意为“奖品，奖金“；reward作动词意为“奖赏”，作名词意 为“奖励，回报”；price作动词意为“给定价”，作名词意为“价格”。根据句意可知，空格一指她被“授予”一枚奖章，为一般过去时的被动语态，应用award的过去分词awarded,表示“被授予”；空格二指奖章是对她勇气的“奖励”，空格前有a,用名词作介
23、词as的宾语，应用reward,表示“奖励，嘉奖: 故选B项。知识点6.out of work失业【归纳拓展】out of work 失业out of control 失控out of order 有毛病out of ones reach 够不着 out of question 毫无疑问 out of patience 失去耐心 out of mind心不在焉【典例6】【归纳拓展】out of work 失业out of control 失控out of order 有毛病out of ones reach 够不着 out of question 毫无疑问 out of patience 失去
24、耐心 out of mind心不在焉【典例6】【归纳拓展】out of work 失业out of control 失控out of order 有毛病out of ones reach 够不着 out of question 毫无疑问 out of patience 失去耐心 out of mind心不在焉【典例6】out of business 破产;歇业out of repair 失修out of date 过时out of danger 脱险out of the question 不可能的out of temper 发脾气What do you think I should do?1
25、think youd better pay a visit to him.A. out of workB. out of sight C. out of respectD. out of shape【答案】C【解析】out of work 失业；out of sight “看不见”；out of respect 出于尊敬；out of shape走样，身体状况 不佳二句意：-一你认为我应该怎么做？-我认为出于尊敬你最好去看望他。故选CThe place is so pretty and relaxed that its really!A. out of workB. out of sightC
26、. out of this worldD. out of shape【答案】C【解析】句意：那儿的环境非常漂亮和轻松。这实在是绝好的享受。world这个字的意思是“世界。Out of this world并不是在这个世界以外的意思。这是一个习惯用语，它的意思是：令人激动，精彩极了，绝妙的，特 别是在形容音乐、电影的时候可以用这个常用语。你也可以用out of this world来形容一顿非常精美的晚餐。 男女之间也可以用这一习惯用语来形容对方。1. Children are likely to get if no one cares about their upbringing.A out
27、of handB. out of orderC . out of placeD. out of work【答案】A【解析】get(or be) out of hand 是习语，意为“无法控制，不受约束This situation appears to be completely out of hand.(看来形势已完全失去控制。)out of order有毛病，失灵;out of place不得其所的，不适当的;out of work失业。 句意:如果不关心孩子的教育，他们很可能会无法控制。【变式】翻译句子(1) Out of sight, out of mind. 谚,心不念。(离久情疏。)
28、眼不见(2)He,s been out of work for six months.他已经 六个月 了。(2)失业(3)It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是 的。(3)不成问题知识点7.turn to【归纳拓展】turn to求助于；致力于turn around 转身turn in上交turn on打开turn over番切身，翻I转turn to求助于；致力于turn around 转身turn in上交turn on打开turn over番切身，翻I转turn to求助
29、于；致力于turn around 转身turn in上交turn on打开turn over番切身，翻I转turn away拒绝，不准某人入内turn down拒绝；调小turn off 关掉turn out赶出；证明是，结果是turn up露面，出现；开大【典例7】 单项填空（2018天津高考真题）When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually books that offer useful information.A. point toB. turn toC. attend toD. belong to【答案】B【解析】考查
30、动词短语词义辨析。句意：当人们想要扩展他们的知识时，他们通常求助于提供有用信息的 书籍。A. point to 指向；B. turn to 求助于；C. attend to 照顾；D. belong to 属于。由“When people want to expand their knowledge, offer useful information.”可知，turn to”求助于符合句意。故选 B 项。1. When he was at a loss as to which direction to go, he tried to find someone for help, but the
31、re was to.A. to; none; discoverB. in; no one; turn toC. for; none; askD. in; nothing; require【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语、代词、动词辨析。句意：当他不知道该朝哪个方向走时，他试图找人帮忙，但没有人可以求助。第一空：短语in.direction向.方向，此空理解为go in which direction ,应选in;第二、三空：短语turn to sb. for help“向某人求助；none指“(数量上)一个也没有”;no one没有人;nothing没有什么事/物。故选B项。【变式】语法填空.W
32、ith no one to turn in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.【答案】t。【解析】句意：因为在这样恐怖情况下没有可以求助的人，所以她感到无助。turn to求助于。由“shefeltvery helpless.”可知，她感到无助。所以判断出她没有可以求助的人。故填t。1 . Not knowing whether to accept the offer or not, Mary (turn) to her close friend for advice.【答案】turned【解析】句意：玛丽不知道是否接受这
33、个提议，就向她的密友征求意见。此处现在分词作原因状turned语， 表示句子主语和know之间是主动关系，turn to sb. for advice”向某人征求建议”。故填。根据句子的意思填空(l)The job than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。Why did she your invitation?她为什么拒绝你的邀请？【答案】(1) turned out(to be) harder (2) turn down翻译句子(l)Nobody seems to understand. I dorft know who to turn to.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该
34、向谁。 (1)求助(2)Paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗,想忘掉工作中的问题。(2) 借酒消愁知识点8.set up【归纳拓展】set about开始做，着手set aside使分离；留出；拔出；不理会set back推迟，阻碍set down记下；写下；规定setoff引起爆炸；动身出发；引起setout动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列【典例8】(2020江苏高三) When studying at home, it*s critical to an inspirational stud
35、ying environment.A. setupB. polish upC. back upD. fix up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：居家学习时，建立一个有启发性的学习环境是至关重要的。A. set up 建立；B. polish up改善；C. back up支持；D. Ex up修理，使固定。结合句意可知，此处用“建立环境”符合 语境，故选A项。2 .Great changes in my hometown and a lot of factories.A. have been taken place , are being set upB. have taken pl
36、ace , have been set upC. are taken place , had been set upD. had taken place , will be set up【答案】B【解析】句意：我的家乡的变化可大了，许多工厂也建立了。汉语的语法具有隐含性，句中暗含了变化已 经发生，并且其结果就是很多工厂已经修建了。现在完成时的其中的定义就是过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。据此可知，B正确.“Have great changes taken place in your village?” Yes, A new school was in the village last yea
37、r.”A. held up B. set upC. sent up D. brought up【答案】Bo【解析】set up意为“建立；hold up意为“举起，支撑，继续下去，阻挡，拦截；send up意为“发出，射 出，长出,使上升”;bring up意为“教育，培养，提出”。3 .After graduation, she wanted to her own business.A. set upB. turn up C. fixupD. make up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕业后，她想自己干一番事业。setup “建立；成立“；turn up ”出现；调 大”;fi
38、x up“修补”；make up编造;组成;化妆”。根据句意可知选A项。【变式】写出下列各句中set up的意思。(1 )They set up a notice on the wall.(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter.(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.【答案】张贴(2)建立(3)创(纪录)知识点 10. lose heart【归纳拓展】lose heart (=be discouraged)气
39、馁；灰心；泄气lose ones heart to sth.(=devote oneself to sth.)把身心投入到put ones heart into把全部心思放在have ones heart in sth.对某事有兴趣learn.by heart 记住；背诵【典例10】lose one*s heart to sb. ( = fall in love with sb.)喜欢have sth. in one*s heart 把放在心上set ones heart on/upon sth.渴望/热衷于某事take heart振作精神，鼓起勇气.一Im worrying about th
40、e coming examination. Fm afraid I cannot pass it.Pm sure youll make it.A. Go aheadB . Good luckC. No problemC. No problemC. No problemD. Dont lose heart【答案】D【解析】考查情景交际。根据答语第二句“我相信你能做到”可知，第二个说话人是在鼓励对方不要丧失信心, 故D项正确。Go ahead可以，干吧；Good hick“祝你好运；No problem没问题”。1 .Im worrying about the coming examination
41、. Tm afraid I cannot pass it.! Im sureyoiTH make it.A. Go aheadB. Good luckC. No problemC. No problemC. No problemD. Dont lose heart【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。根据答语第二句“我相信你能做到可知第二个说话人是在鼓励对方不要丧失信心, 故D项正确。A项“可以，干吧”；B项祝你好运、C项“没问题”。【变式】翻译句子(l)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader los
42、t heart.据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长 O (1)丧失了信心(2)Don,t lose heart； all will turn out well.不要，一切都会好起来的。(2)失去勇气知识点 11. in trouble【归纳拓展】in trouble处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)get (sb.) into/out of trouble使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)重点短语1.out of work 失业2.as a matter of fact 事实上3. in trouble在危险/受罚/痛苦处境中4. turn to求助于；致力于5.lose heart 丧失信心e to p
43、ower 当权；上台7. set up 设立；建立8. be sentenced to 被判处（徒刑）9.worry about 担心10.be put into prison 被关进监狱11. blow U2 使充气；爆炸12. fight against 对而战13. go against the law 违反法律14. be willing to do sth. 乐丁干15. be active in sth.积极从事经典句型（高考书面表达必 备）1. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping
44、 our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去 30 年来所出现的大量法律 剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2. .only then did we decide to answer violence with violence直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。3. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不
45、好。必备语法（高级句型）名词性从句2.语法基础知识名词性从句主题语境：话题个人情况（人与自我）语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文。【基础巩固】知识点1. quality n.质量；品质；性质，特征【归纳拓展】quality n.质量；品质；性质，特征quantity n.数量be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质be of high/poor quality 优/劣质extra fine quality 特等first-rate quality 一等【典例1语法填空1. The suits are good quality and are
46、worth（buy）.【答案】of buying【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意：西服质量很好，值得购买。of good quality质量好；worth doingask/look for trouble 找麻烦make trouble 闹事；捣乱have trouble in doing sth.做某事有麻烦 take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦地做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事【典例11.Whenever you are, dont.A. in trouble; lose heartin the
47、trouble; lose heartin trouble; lose your heartin the trouble; lose the heart【答案】A【解析】考查固定词组，in trouble意思”陷入困境，lose heart意思“失去信心”，句子意思“无论你什么时候 陷入困境，不要失去信心”. When a person is， talking with others often helps him feel better.A. in troubleB. in dangerC. in silenceD. in charge【答案】A【解析】句意为：当一个人不顺时，与人交流沟通可以让他心情变得更好。A.遇到麻烦B遇到危险C沉 默中D负责，主管根据句意可知：A选项符合题意。【变式】翻译短语（l）My friends always help me out when I am in trouble （有麻烦时）.（2）Don,t mention my name, or youll get me into trouble （给我惹麻烦）.（3）They took great trouble to find the right person.（费心地）