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1、高考英语阅读理解专题第3讲2022西城一模阅读理解CD篇教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？C篇社会现象类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够
2、准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差realityn. 现实；实际；真实real，really，realizetruth, realityimagen. 影像；想象；肖像；偶像vt. 想象；反映；象征；作的像sight, vision, image, sceneschedulevt. 安排，方案；编制目录；将列入方案表n. 时间表；方案表；一览表temporaryadj. 暂时的，临时的n. 临时工，临时雇员phenomenonn. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才phenomenon, miracle, marvel, wondersharevt.
3、分享，分担；分配vi. 共享；分担n. 份额；股份share, participatearrangementn. 布置；整理；准备arrangetuitionn. 学费；讲授obviouslyadv. 明显地，显然地obviouscriticaladj. 鉴定的；核 临界的；批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的ensurevt. 保证，确保；使平安upsiden. 优势，上面expensen. 损失，代价；消费；开支vt. 向收取费用vi. 被花掉expensivefee, expense, price, charge, fare, costfederaladj. 联邦的；同盟的；联邦政
4、府的； 联邦制的adv. 联邦政府地financialadj. 金融的；财政的，财务的financesacrificen. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi. 献祭；奉献debtn. 债务；借款；罪过availableadj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的wind up结束；使紧张；卷起；非正式忽悠某人wind sb up；上紧(钟、表等的)发条长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。_句子分析：本句主干局部为colleges are full of students，instead of介词短语作状语
5、，who引导定语从句修饰前面的the students，with结构作定语修饰前面的students。翻译：许多大学充满了被各种课程、活动和真正的工作排满的学生，而不是醒得晚、一直开party、只有在考前才学习的学生。2. And theres value in it beyond the direct cause: such jobs can also be critical for developing important professional and social skills that make it easier to land a job after graduation.优*
6、良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为theres value in it，冒号后面的句子是对value的内容进行解释。That后面引导定语从句对skills进行修饰，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为to land a job after graduation。翻译：除了直接原因以外，还有其他的价值：这样的工作对于开展重要的职业和社会技能至关重要，而这种技能能够让学生在毕业后更容易找到工作。_句子分析：本句主干局部为the study notes that，后面的句子均为that的宾语。在这个宾语从句中，if引导条件状语从句。翻译：研究说明，如果一个学生以联邦最低工资做一份全职工作，他们一年会赚150
7、00美元，这在许多没有政府财政补贴的大学是当然不够支付学费和食宿的。4. Students who wind up leaving school because of difficulty in managing work and class are likely to find themselves stuck in some of the same jobs they might have gotten if they hadnt gone at all.优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为students are likely to find其中，who引导定语从句修饰前面的stude
8、nts，stuck in为宾语补足语，形容themselves的状态，而they might为省略that的定语从句修饰前面的jobs，而这个定语从句又是一个虚拟语气。翻译：那些因为很难平衡工作和学习而离开学校的学生，很可能会再次陷入到如果当时没有离开而将会遇到过的问题中。D篇社会现象类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差despiteprep. 尽管，不管n. 轻视；憎恨；侮辱anxietyn. 焦虑；渴望；挂念；令人焦虑的事digitaladj. 数字的；手指的n. 数字；键st
9、eadilyadv. 稳定地；稳固地；有规那么地steadyplainadj. 平的；简单的；朴素的；清晰的n. 平原；无格式；朴实无华的东西adv. 清楚地；平易地read off读出；从.读取tabletn. 碑；药片；写字板；小块；平板电脑vt. 用碑牌纪念；将(备忘录等)写在板上；将制成小片或小块appeal tov. 呼吁；上诉；要求；对有吸引力poetryn. 诗；诗意，诗情；诗歌艺术woodblockn. 木版；木板adj. 木板的；木版印刷的assumevi. 假定；设想；承当；采取vt. 僭取；篡夺；夺取；擅用；侵占artisticadj. 艺术的；风雅的；有美感的artis
10、tconventionaladj. 符合习俗的，传统的；常见的；惯例的conventiondistinctionn. 区别；差异；特性；荣誉、勋章distinct, distinguishinteractvt. 互相影响；互相作用vi. 互相影响；互相作用n. 幕间剧；幕间休息interaction, interactiveelectronicadj. 电子的n. 电子电路；电子器件electrical, electric, electronicnegativeadj. 数 负的；消极的；否认的；阴性的n. 否认；负数；摄 底片vt. 否认；拒绝positiverespondvi. 答复；作出
11、反响；承当责任vt. 以答复n. 应答；唱和responsible, responsibilitycomprehensionn. 理解；包含comprehend，comprehensivefocusn. 焦点；中心；清晰；焦距vt. 使集中；使聚焦vi. 集中；聚焦；调节焦距focus onmaintainvt. 维持；继续；维修；主张；供养plotn. 情节；图；阴谋vt. 密谋；绘图；划分；标绘vi. 密谋；筹划；绘制excellentadj. 卓越的；极好的；杰出的excellencecriticaladj. 鉴定的；核 临界的；批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的critical
12、, crucial, urgent, acuteanalyticaladj. 分析的；解析的；善于分析的analyzeintellectualadj. 智力的；聪明的；理智的n. 知识分子；凭理智做事者intelligentspeciesn. 生物 物种；种类adj. 物种上的threatenvt. 威胁；恐吓；预示vi. 威胁；可能来临threat长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。1.“Print will exist, but it will be in a different field and will appe
13、al to a very limited audience, as poetry does today. Like woodblock printing, hand-processed film and folk weaving (编织), printed pages may assume an artistic value, he says.优*良*差*_句子分析：引号内的内容为he says的宾语。第一句主干为Prints will exist but it willand will，as引导方式状语从句，表示和.一样；第二句主干为printed pages may assume an a
14、rtistic value。翻译：他说，印刷业会存在，但是它会在一个不同的领域，会吸引非常有限的观众，正如今天的诗歌一样。像木板印刷，手工电影和民间编制一样，打印纸会成为一种艺术价值。2.He also predicts that the distinction between writer and reader will be made less obvious by a social reading experience in which authors and consumers can digitally interact with each other to discuss any
15、passage, sentence online.优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干为he predict that，in which引导定语从句修饰前面的experience。_句子分析：本句主干局部为electronic reading can affect the way the brain responds to text，其中director of作Maryanne Wolf的同位语，including现在分词作伴随状语。翻译：根据塔夫茨大学阅读和语言研究中心的主任玛丽安娜沃夫所言，电子阅读会对大脑对于文本的反响产生负面影响，这些方面包括阅读理解、注意力和保持对于细节的注意力的能力，如
16、事件的情节和顺序。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根底上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜想，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对
17、号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧高考考试说明对读的要求为：主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：1
18、.理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2.获取事实性信息；3.利用上下文推测词义；5.理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；6.理解语篇的根本结构。高中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜想词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式，解题技巧和典题精析四方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the
19、 following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer pay the least attention to?3. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4. All of the following statements may be true/false except_.5. Which of the following is not the result of?6. Which of the following best characterizes
20、the main feature of?7. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of /relationship of?8. Which of the following maps shows the right way to?9. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of whatis like?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking
21、 RecoveryElectrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.64. Researchers have found
22、 electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Electrical lines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死if they to
23、uch two lines at once.可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多被电死了，应选B。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to t
24、he passage?3. In which of the following publications出版物would this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.5. The writer suggests that _.6. The author probably feels that _.7. The author uses the example of to show that _.8. Whats the authors attitude t
25、oward?解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, elect
26、ric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.63. California condors attract researchers interest beca
27、use they _.A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found on in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s解析：推理判断题。根据第三段 “As they go in to rest for the night 排除 A;根据第二段 “In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild 可知，condors直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段 “more than 150 flying over
28、 California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico 可知，不止加利福尼亚有 condors,排除C，应选D。题型题型三：词义猜想题解释单词的猜想能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成局部，考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不能仅仅停留在字面上，而要结合语境和猜词方法来综合判断。设题方式1. The word “ refers to/probably means _.2. The underlined word “ could best be replaced by _.3. What do you think the e
29、xpression “ stands for?4. By saying “ we mean _.5. “ as used in the passage can best be defined as _.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “?解题技巧1. 利用指代关系来猜想代词词义2. 利用定义语来猜想词义3. 利用定语或同位语来猜想词义4. 利用文章中的举例来猜想词义5. 利用比照或比拟的词语来猜想词义6. 利用构词法知识来猜想词义7. 利用上下文语境来猜想词义8. 利用因果关系来猜想词义典题精析DWh
30、y College Is Not HomeFor previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social
31、media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as t
32、hat of the home.68. The underlined word “passage in Paragraph 2 means _.A. change B. choiceC. text D. extension解析：词义猜想题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对段落主旨、文章主题或中心思想及文章结构的领会和理解能力，包括段落主旨题、全文主旨题、篇章结构题。设题方式1. Th
33、e main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2. The passage is mainly about _.3. The best title/headline for this passage is _.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5. From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7. Which of the fol
34、lowing statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now the
35、y are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the p
36、ast two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonom
37、y and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on new ways of think
38、ing about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the soci
39、al world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within
40、 a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insens
41、itive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is la
42、cking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and
43、behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?解析：主旨大意题篇章结构题。根据第四段“Learning to deal with the social world is equally import