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1、高考英语阅读理解专题第5讲2022朝阳一模阅读理解CD篇教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？C篇健康保健类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能
2、够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差vitaladj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的well-beingn. 幸福；康乐pathwayn. 路，道；途径，路径expertadj. 熟练的；内行的；老练的n. 专家；行家；能手vt. 当专家；在中当行家expert inminimizevt. 使减到最少；小看，极度轻视vi. 最小化minimumroutinen. 计 程序；日常工作；例行公事adj. 日常的；例行的exposevt. 揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示exposureartificialadj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的
3、；武断的internaladj. 内部的；内在的；国内的schedulevt. 安排，方案；编制目录；将列入方案表n. 时间表；方案表；一览表signaln. 信号；暗号；导火线vt. 标志；用信号通知；表示adj. 显著的；作为信号的vi. 发信号signtakeoff起飞；脱下；离开pressuren. 压力；压迫，物 压强vt. 迫使；密封；使增压presssuitableadj. 适当的；相配的suitmattressn. 床垫；褥子；空气垫personalizevt. 使个性化；把拟人化adoptvt. 采取；接受；收养；正式通过vi. 采取；过继positionn. 位置，方位；职
4、位，工作；姿态；站位vt. 安置；把放在适当位置componentadj. 组成的，构成的n. 成分；组件；电子 元件diabetesn. 糖尿病；多尿症obesityn. 肥大，肥胖D篇健康保健类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差organicadj. 有化 有机的；组织的；器官的；根本的organartificialadj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的chemicaln. 化学制品，化学药品adj. 化学的consumern. 消费者；用户，顾客consumel
5、abelvt. 标注；贴标签于n. 标签；商标；签条nutritionn. 营养，营养学；营养品nutritious, nutritionalsuffer from忍受，遭受；患病；受之苦bacterian. 微 细菌assumevi. 假定；设想；承当；采取vt. 僭取；篡夺；夺取；擅用；侵占conductvi. 导电；带着vt. 管理；引导；表现n. 进行；行为；实施categoryn. 种类，分类；数 范畴outcomen. 结果，结局；成果analyzevt. 对进行分析，分解等于analysevitaminn. 生化 维生素；生化 维他命mineraln. 矿物；英矿泉水；无机物；苏
6、打水常用复数表示adj. 矿物的；矿质的confirmvt. 确认；确定；证实；批准；使稳固trendn. 趋势，倾向；走向vi. 趋向，伸向vt. 使趋向长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review，including为现在分词作伴随状语。That引导定语从句修饰前面的studies。翻译：对于他们的新研究，史密斯-斯班格勒和她的同事们重新审视了两类研究，其中17份研究为有机膳食与传统膳食
7、在人体上的临床试验，223份研究是关于不同食物中营养物质的含量分析，包括关键维他命、矿物质和脂肪。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根底上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜想，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把
8、文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技
9、巧高考考试说明对读的要求为：主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：1.理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2.获取事实性信息；3.利用上下文推测词义；5.理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；6.理解语篇的根本结构。高中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜想词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式，解题技巧和典题精析四方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。
10、新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer pay the least attention to?3. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4. All of the following statements may be true/false except_.5. Which of the following is not the result of?6. Wh
11、ich of the following best characterizes the main feature of?7. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of /relationship of?8. Which of the following maps shows the right way to?9. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of whatis like?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳
12、，综合事实找答案典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryElectrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two
13、lines at once.64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away解析：细节理解题。根据第三段 “Electrical lines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines
14、, resulting in electrocution(电死if they touch two lines at once. 可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多被电死了，应选B。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _.2. Which of the follow
15、ing conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. In which of the following publications出版物would this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.5. The writer suggests that _.6. The author probably feels that _.7. The author uses the example of to s
16、how that _.8. Whats the authors attitude toward?解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒)
17、nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.63. California
18、 condors attract researchers interest because they _.A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s解析：推理判断题。根据第三段 “As they go in to rest for the night 排除 A;根据第二段 “In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild 可知，cond
19、ors直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段 “more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico 可知，不止加利福尼亚有 condors,排除C，应选D。题型题型三：词义猜想题解释单词的猜想能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成局部，考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不能仅仅停留在字面上，而要结合语境和猜词方法来综合判断。设题方式1. The word “ refers to/probably means _.2. The underlined word “ could be
20、st be replaced by _.3. What do you think the expression “ stands for?4. By saying “ we mean _.5. “ as used in the passage can best be defined as _.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “?解题技巧1. 利用指代关系来猜想代词词义2. 利用定义语来猜想词义3. 利用定语或同位语来猜想词义4. 利用文章中的举例来猜想词义5. 利用比照或比拟的词语来猜想词义6. 利用
21、构词法知识来猜想词义7. 利用上下文语境来猜想词义8. 利用因果关系来猜想词义典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeFor previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on f
22、amily, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that
23、 they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68. The underlined word “passage in Paragraph 2 means _.A. change B. choiceC. text D. extension解析：词义猜想题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对段落主旨、文章主题或中
24、心思想及文章结构的领会和理解能力，包括段落主旨题、全文主旨题、篇章结构题。设题方式1. The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2. The passage is mainly about _.3. The best title/headline for this passage is _.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5. From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6. The last paragraph i
25、s chiefly concerned with _.7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the d
26、evelopment of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from pe
27、ople of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a pas
28、sage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This
29、 process involves “trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate
30、and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not faci
31、ng the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too s
32、trictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood f
33、irm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussi
34、on about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?解析：主旨大意题篇章结构题
35、。根据第四段 “Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 中的 “equally important和第五段的“moreover可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，应选C。语篇精讲C篇浏览问题抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项163. What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?A. When to start a sound sleep.B. How to get a good nights sleep.C. What
36、 to do with sleep problems.D. Why to form a good habit of sleeping.264. According to the author, before going to sleep, youd better _.A. free yourself from tension B. check your blood sugarC. relieve your pain in the back D. record your biological clock365. What does the underlined word it in Paragr
37、aph 2 refer to?A. Not eating food. B. Taking a meal.C. Not sleeping well. D. Having a good sleep.466. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage? CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级健康保健类说明文3746分钟_/4A Good Nights SleepSleep plays a vit
38、al role in good health and well-being throughout your life. While youre sleeping, your brain is forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information. Although we all know the importance of getting a good nights sleep, not all of us know the best way of getting it. A sleep expert, Phil Ath
39、erton, gave some top tips for getting the most out of the night, which will leave you ready for action in the morning.Having a suitable bed, especially a suitable mattress (床垫), is necessary for a good nights sleep. Sleep is a personalized activity, and we all adopt different sleeping positions. Fin
40、ding the mattress that suits you will reduce back pains that can result from a poor sleeping position. The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user, allowing for space to move around.逐题分析语篇解读：本文强调了睡眠跟健康生活的密切关系，并对如何提高睡眠质量提出了几点建议。63. What does the author intend to tell us in the p
41、assage?A. When to start a sound sleep.B. How to get a good nights sleep.C. What to do with sleep problems.D. Why to form a good habit of sleeping.解析：主旨大意题。通读文章可知，第一段引出如何获得更好的睡眠？接下来举出了几个提高睡眠质量的例子，可知答案为B。64. According to the author, before going to sleep, youd better _.A. free yourself from tension B.
42、 check your blood sugarC. relieve your pain in the back D. record your biological clock解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一行，“Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state.可知答案为A。65. What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Not eating food. B. Taking a meal.C. Not sleeping
43、 well. D. Having a good sleep.解析：词义猜想题。根据第二段第三行，“youd better avoid eating any food three hours before bed.可知答案。为A。66. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion解析：主旨大意题篇章结构。根据全文可知，首段提出论题：如何提高睡眠质量？之后列举分论点。第二段讲述饮食方面：睡前3 小时别
44、吃东西；第三段和第四段都是阐述如何去prepare your body for sleep：可以减少接触光源，也可以听歌，洗澡放松你的状态；第五段阐述与睡觉相关的信息：如准备好宽敞的床，舒适的床垫以及注意睡姿。尾段总结升华：进一步强调睡眠质量与健康的关系。可知答案为C。精讲笔记学生在教师的指导下, 回忆本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法语篇中积累的词汇至少积累10个单词词性及词义单词的运用鼓励学生用所学词汇造句语篇中的学到的方法至少掌握2种细节理解题推理判断题词义猜想题主旨大意题D篇浏览问题抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项167. The new research questions whether organic food _.A. should replace traditional foodB. has been overpriced by farmersC. is grown with