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1、高考英语阅读理解专题第4讲2022东城一模阅读理解CD篇教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？C篇科普环保类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能
2、够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差concludevt. 推断；决定，作结论；结束vi. 推断；断定；决定conclusionuniversaladj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的；全体的n. 一般概念；普通性universeusual, ordinary, common, popular, normal, universal, generalfeaturen. 特色，特征；容貌；特写或专题节目vi. 起重要作用vt. 特写；以为特色；由主演speciesn. 生物 物种；种类adj. 物种上的structuren. 结构；构造；建
3、筑物vt. 组织；构成；建造ancientadj. 古代的；古老的，过时的；年老的n. 古代人；老人old, ancient, antiquepreviousadj. 以前的；早先的；过早的adv. 在先；在以前suspectn. 嫌疑犯adj. 可疑的；不可信的vt. 疑心；猜测vi. 疑心；猜测doubt, suspect, distrustarticlen. 文章；物品；条款；语 冠词vt. 订约将收为学徒或见习生；使受协议条款的约束vi. 签订协议；进行控告biologicaladj. 生物的；生物学的biologycreationn. 创造，创作；创作物，产物create, crea
4、tiveappreciationn. 欣赏，鉴别；增值；感谢appreciatevariousadj. 各种各样的；多方面的different, variousevidencen. 证据，证明；迹象；明显vt. 证明evidentoriginaln. 原件；原作；原物；原型adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的performern. 演出者；执行者；演奏者performplayer, performer, actorstressn. 压力；强调；紧张；重要性；重读vt. 强调；使紧张；加压力于；用重音读stress, emphasiscopyrightn. 版权，著作权adj. 版权的；受版
5、权保护的vt. 保护版权；为取得版权wisdomn. 智慧，才智；明智；学识；至理名言wiserandomadj. 数 随机的；任意的；胡乱的n. 随意adv. 胡乱地in-depthadj. 彻底的，深入的analysevt. 分析；分解；细察organn. 生物 器官；机构；风琴；管风琴；嗓音convergevt. 使会聚vi. 聚集；靠拢；收敛relatevt. 表达；使有联系vi. 涉及；认同；符合；与有某种联系relative, related, relationship, relationcompositionn. 作文，作曲，作品；材 构成；合成物；成分composerhythm
6、n. 节奏；韵律phrasen. 短语, 习语, 措辞, 乐句vt. 措词, 将(乐曲)分成乐句rangen. 范围；幅度；排；山脉vi. 在.内变动；平行，列为一行；延伸；漫游；射程到达vt. 漫游；放牧；使并列；归类于；来回走动range fromintervaln. 间隔；间距；幕间休息ration. 比率，比例techniquen. 技巧，技术；手法technique, technologythemen. 主题；主旋律；题目adj. 以奇想主题布置的slightlyadv. 些微地，轻微地；纤细地revisevt. 修正；复习；校订vi. 修订；校订；复习功课n. 修订；校订revis
7、ionimpressiveadj. 感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的impress, impressionmaterialadj. 重要的；物质的，实质性的；肉体的n. 材料，原料；物资；布料matter, material长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。优*良*差*_句子分析：as引导方式状语从句，the love of music是主语，后面跟着三个并列的谓语动词is。翻译：正如研究人员在?科学?上推断的一样，对于音乐的热爱不仅是人类的普遍特质而且深深地扎根在人类大脑复杂的结构中，并且比之前预测的要古老得多。2
8、. In the articles that discuss the field of bio-musicology, the study of the biological basis for the creation and appreciation of music, researchers present various evidence to show that music-making is at once an original human business, and an art form with skillful performers throughout the anim
9、al kingdom.优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为researchers present evidence，前半句that引导定语从句修饰前面的articles，后半句to show作目的状语。翻译：在讨论生物音乐学、音乐创造与欣赏的生物学根底研究的文章中，研究人员呈现了各种各样的证据来说明制造音乐是一种原始的人类“业务，一种在动物王国中有着熟练的表演者的艺术形式。优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为analyses show that，其中，sung by作后置定语修饰前面的the songs，that后面的句子作that的宾语。翻译：最近对于座头鲸的深度分析说明，即使它们的器官
10、允许它们做别的，动物们更倾向于与声音和美相关的一类选择，接受和人类音乐家及人类的耳朵更喜欢的那些作曲规律。D篇政治经济文化类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差delivervt. 交付；发表；递送；释放；给予打击；给接生vi. 实现；传送；履行；投递n. 投球deliverypermitvi. 许可；允许vt. 许可；允许n. 许可证，执照allow, permitmonopolyn. 垄断；垄断者；专卖权federaladj. 联邦的；同盟的；联邦政府的； 联邦制的adv. 联邦
11、政府地vehiclen. 车辆 车辆；工具；交通工具；运载工具；传播媒介；媒介物regulationn. 管理；规那么；校准adj. 规定的；平常的regulatepreventvt. 预防，防止；阻止vi. 阻碍，阻止prevent fromdeclinen. 下降；衰退；斜面vi. 下降；衰落；谢绝vt. 谢绝；婉拒dominatevt. 控制；支配；占优势；在中占主要地位vi. 占优势；处于支配地位dominationworkforcen. 劳动力；工人总数，职工总数significantadj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物signifysi
12、gnificanceprivatizevt. 使私有化；使归私有privatizationfloatvt. 使漂浮；实行vi. 浮动；飘动，散播；摇摆；付诸实施n. 彩车，花车；漂流物；浮舟；浮萍efficiencyn. 效率；效能；成效efficientadditionaladj. 附加的，额外的additionproductivityn. 生产力；生产率；生产能力product, produce, productiveconsumern. 消费者；用户，顾客consumetonen. 语气；色调；音调；音色vt. 增强；用某种调子说vi. 颜色调和；呈现悦目色调extremelyadv.
13、非常，极其；极端地extremeurgentadj. 紧急的；急迫的urgencyexplosionn. 爆炸；爆发；激增explodeefficientadj. 有效率的；有能力的；生效的efficiencyefficient, effective方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根底上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下
14、句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，
15、最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧高考考试说明对读的要求为：主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：1.理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2.获取事实性信息；3.利用上下文推测词义；5.理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；6.理解语篇的根本结构。高中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式，解题技巧和典题精析四方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定
16、细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer pay the least attention to?3. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4. All of the following statements ma
17、y be true/false except_.5. Which of the following is not the result of?6. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of?7. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of /relationship of?8. Which of the following maps shows the right way to?9. Which of the drawings
18、below gives an idea of whatis like?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryElectrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bri
19、dge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away解析：细节理解题。根据第三段 “Electrical l
20、ines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死if they touch two lines at once. 可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多被电死了，应选B。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It c
21、an be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. In which of the following publications出版物would this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.5. The writer suggests that
22、_.6. The author probably feels that _.7. The author uses the example of to show that _.8. Whats the authors attitude toward?解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length
23、 of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flyin
24、g over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.63. California condors attract researchers interest because they _.A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s解析：推理判断题。根据第三段 “As they go in to rest for the night 排除 A;根据第
25、二段 “In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild 可知，condors直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段 “more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico 可知，不止加利福尼亚有 condors,排除C，应选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成局部，考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不能仅仅停留在字面上，而要结合语境和猜词方法来综合判断。设题
26、方式1. The word “ refers to/probably means _.2. The underlined word “ could best be replaced by _.3. What do you think the expression “ stands for?4. By saying “ we mean _.5. “ as used in the passage can best be defined as _.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “?解题技巧1. 利用指代关
27、系来猜测代词词义2. 利用定义语来猜测词义3. 利用定语或同位语来猜测词义4. 利用文章中的举例来猜测词义5. 利用比照或比拟的词语来猜测词义6. 利用构词法知识来猜测词义7. 利用上下文语境来猜测词义8. 利用因果关系来猜测词义典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeFor previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In
28、the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to au
29、tonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68. The underlined word “passage in Paragraph 2 means _.A. change B. choiceC. text D. extension解析：词义猜测题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult re
30、sponsibility可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对段落主旨、文章主题或中心思想及文章结构的领会和理解能力，包括段落主旨题、全文主旨题、篇章结构题。设题方式1. The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2. The passage is mainly about _.3. The best title/headline for this passage is _.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage i
31、s _.5. From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeThe college yea
32、rs are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was de
33、cisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far a
34、s to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and respons
35、ibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge
36、 majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrato
37、rs to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response
38、 to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly w
39、hen there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement h
40、omes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.70. Which
41、of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?解析：主旨大意题篇章结构题。根据第四段 “Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 中的 “equally important和第五段的“moreover可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，应选C。语篇精讲C篇浏览问题抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项163. The underlined words converge on in Paragraph 3 pr
42、obably means_.A. tend towardsB. refer toC. turn intoD. put forward264. Which of the following shows the advanced musical ability in humpback whales?A. They can remember complex material.B. They can create pleasing patterns of music.C. They can make sounds like drums continuously.D. They can sing alo
43、ng with rhythms of western music.365. What is the main idea of the article?A. Animals are able to compose and enjoy music like humans.B. Human beings borrow ideas in music from humpback whales.C. Humpback whales are skillful performers in the animal kingdom.D. Music-making is an ancient activity of both humans and animals.466. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. argue and discuss B. inform and explainC. compare and advertise D. examine and a