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1、高考英语阅读理解专题第7讲2022西城二模阅读理解CD篇教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？C篇科普环保类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能
2、够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差blindfoldvt. 蒙住的眼睛；挡住的视线；使模糊不清adj. 轻率的，盲目的；看不清的；被蒙住眼睛的n. 障眼物，眼罩adv. 盲目地；鲁莽地，轻率地trickn. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门；花招；骗局；欺诈vt. 欺骗；哄骗；装饰；打扮vi. 哄骗；戏弄adj. 特技的；欺诈的；有决窍的deceive, cheat, trick, foolcaloriesn. 物 卡路里热量单位，calorie的复数triggervt. 引发，引起；触发vi. 松开扳柄n. 扳机；电子 触发器；制滑机consumev
3、t. 消耗，消费；使著迷；挥霍vi. 耗尽，消灭；耗尽生命consumervastlyadv. 极大地；广阔地；深远地vastoverestimatevt. 对评价过高；对估计过高n. 估计过高；评价过高；出价过高vi. 估计过高；评价过高estimatevi. 估计，估价n. 估计，估价；判断，看法vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价participatevi. 参与，参加；分享vt. 分享；分担participate inquizn. 考查；恶作剧；课堂测验vt. 挖苦；张望；对进行测验examination, test, quiz, examon average平均；普通，通常signific
4、antlyadv. 显著地；相当数量地significantdecreasen. 减少，减小；减少量vi. 减少，减小vt. 减少，减小appetiten. 食欲；嗜好overalladj. 全部的；全体的；一切在内的adv. 全部地；总的说来n. 工装裤；罩衫previousadj. 以前的；早先的；过早的adv. 在先；在以前previouslyvisualadj. 视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的visioninfluencen. 影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事vt. 影响；改变influenteffect, influencemilderadj. 更暖；回暖；更温和mild的比拟级长难句课
5、前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。_翻译：德国康斯坦茨大学的一项实验发现，蒙着眼睛吃饭的人比那些能看到的人在他们感到吃饱之前少消耗百分之九的卡路里。优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为Scientists believe that；在后面的整个宾语从句中，not seeing food on the table为主语；where引导定语从句，修饰前面的experiences。翻译：科学家们相信，看不到桌子上的食物允许身体及时知道它是饱的而不是记住过去的经验，在过去的经验里，可能吃了一整盘才感到饱。D篇科普环保类高频词课前检测学
6、生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差artificialadj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的intelligencen. 智力；情报工作；情报机关；理解力；才智，智慧；天分intelligentdefeatvt. 击败，战胜；挫败；使失败n. 失败的事实；击败的行为drink to为干杯；为祝贺adoptvt. 采取；接受；收养；正式通过vi. 采取；过继gameplayn. 游戏设置relativelyadv. 相当地；相对地，比拟地relativealgorithmn. 计数 算
7、法，运算法那么neuraladj. 神经的；神经系统的；背的；神经中枢的particularadj. 特别的；详细的；独有的；挑剔的n. 详细说明；个别工程particularlystrategyn. 战略，策略typicaladj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的tirelessadj. 不知疲倦的；不疲劳的tirerepresentvt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送vi. 代表；提出异议representativeshiftn. 移动；变化；手段；轮班vi. 移动；转变；转换vt. 转移；改变；替换technologicaladj. 技术的；工艺的technological, technic
8、alcreationn. 创造，创作；创作物，产物create, creativedisplayn. 显示；炫耀vt. 显示；表现；陈列vi. 动 作炫耀行为adj. 展览的；陈列用的unpredictableadj. 不可预知的；不定的；出乎意料的n. 不可预言的事unpredictabilityunconventionaladj. 非常规的；非传统的；不依惯例的claimvi. 提出要求vt. 要求；声称；需要；认领n. 要求；声称；索赔；断言；值得echovt. 反射；重复vi. 随声附和；发出回声n. 回音；效仿indicatevt. 说明；指出；预示；象征contextn. 环境；上
9、下文；来龙去脉urgentadj. 紧急的；急迫的urgencyappreciatevt. 欣赏；感谢；领会；鉴别vi. 增值；涨价appreciationcorporationn. 公司；法人团体；社团；大腹便便；市政当局corporateemergevi. 浮现；摆脱；暴露emergenceresponsen. 响应；反响；答复responsiblemilestonen. 里程碑，划时代的事件长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。1. The number of possible moves in a game of G
10、o is so huge that, in order to win against a player like Lee, AlphaGo was designed to adopt a human-like style of gameplay by using a relatively recent developmentdeep learning.优*良*差*_句子分析：本句结构为sothat；in order to作目的状语；by using为介词短语作状语。翻译：在围棋中可移动的步数是如此地大以至于为了赢像李这样的选手，阿尔法狗在设计时采取类似于人类游戏的方式，这是通过使用一个相对新的
11、技术深度学习来实现的。_句子分析：本句主干局部为DeepMind designers taught AlphaGo to play the game。翻译：不是将复杂的规那么和策略编程到阿尔法狗里，DeepMind的设计师通过给它输入基于游戏的典型动作教阿尔法狗玩游戏。优*良*差*_翻译：因此当我们庆祝AI的里程碑到来的时候，我们也应该庆祝这样的一种理解，深度答复人类关于深度学习和AI的疑问的时刻到来了。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根底上, 能够帮助我们争
12、取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜想，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四
13、步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧高考考试说明对读的要求为：主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：1.理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2.获取事实性信息；3.利用上下文推测词义；5.理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；6.理解语篇的根本结构。高中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜想词义题
14、和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式，解题技巧和典题精析四方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer pay the least attention to?3. Choose the right
15、 order of the events given in the passage.4. All of the following statements may be true/false except_.5. Which of the following is not the result of?6. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of?7. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of /relationship of?
16、8. Which of the following maps shows the right way to?9. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of whatis like?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryElectrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don
17、t see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC. rest plac
18、es for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away解析：细节理解题。根据第三段 “Electrical lines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死if they touch two lines at once. 可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多被电死了，应选B。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学
19、生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. In which of the following publications出版物would this passage most likely be printed?4. The
20、 passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.5. The writer suggests that _.6. The author probably feels that _.7. The author uses the example of to show that _.8. Whats the authors attitude toward?解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shockin
21、g RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the l
22、ast few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.63. California condors attract researchers interest because they _.A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost di
23、ed out in the 1980s解析：推理判断题。根据第三段 “As they go in to rest for the night 排除 A;根据第二段 “In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild 可知，condors直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段 “more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico 可知，不止加利福尼亚有 condors,排除C，应选D。题型题型三：词义猜想题解释单词
24、的猜想能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成局部，考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不能仅仅停留在字面上，而要结合语境和猜词方法来综合判断。设题方式1. The word “ refers to/probably means _.2. The underlined word “ could best be replaced by _.3. What do you think the expression “ stands for?4. By saying “ we mean _.5. “ as used in the passage can best be defined as
25、_.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “?解题技巧1. 利用指代关系来猜想代词词义2. 利用定义语来猜想词义3. 利用定语或同位语来猜想词义4. 利用文章中的举例来猜想词义5. 利用比照或比拟的词语来猜想词义6. 利用构词法知识来猜想词义7. 利用上下文语境来猜想词义8. 利用因果关系来猜想词义典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeFor previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; gu
26、idance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of
27、promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68. The underlined word “passage in Paragraph 2 means _.A. change B. choiceC. text
28、D. extension解析：词义猜想题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对段落主旨、文章主题或中心思想及文章结构的领会和理解能力，包括段落主旨题、全文主旨题、篇章结构题。设题方式1. The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2. The passage is mainly about _.3. The best title/
29、headline for this passage is _.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5. From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，
30、抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not
31、shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones,
32、 email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the sam
33、e environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spac
34、es within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many studen
35、ts will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape studen
36、t behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged
37、.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an u
38、nsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-re
39、gulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?解析：主旨大意题篇章结构题。根据第四段 “Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 中的 “equally important和第五段的“moreover可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，应选C。语篇精讲C篇浏览问题抓住题干及选项
40、中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项163. With the lights out, diners eat less partly because _. A. they want to quickly finish their meals B. they trust their feelings more than ever C. they focus more on fun than the calories D. they worry about the quality of the food264. We can learn from the passage that th
41、e blindfolded group _. A. spent a much longer time eating the same food B. believed they ate more than they really did C. depended on past experiences to feel full D. thought the food tasted better than usual365. The last two paragraphs tell us that _. A. diners are likely to lose their appetite eat
42、ing in darkness B. senses rather than sight play an important role in the taste C. findings of this experiment differ from the previous studies D. restaurants benefit a lot from allowing diners to eat in the dark466. The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. provide statistics related to eating in
43、 the dark B. offer reasons for people to eat in the dark areas C. inform the readers of the result of an experiment D. persuade the readers to lose weight in a new way通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类说明文3616分钟_/4Turning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight, according to scient