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1、高考英语阅读理解专题第2讲教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？C篇健康保健类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的
2、良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差widelyadv. 广泛地wide, widespreadconsumevt. 消耗，消费；使著迷；挥霍vi. 耗尽，消灭；耗尽生命consumerpopularityn. 普及，流行；名气；受群众欢送popular, popularizeswitchvt. 转换；用鞭子等抽打vi. 转换；抽打；换防n. 开关；转换；鞭子buzzvt. 使嗡嗡叫；暗中散布vi. 作嗡嗡声；东奔西忙n. 嗡嗡声n. 网络口碑消费者或网民对于品牌、产品等广告主在乎的事情在网上发出的各种声音wondern. 惊奇；奇迹；惊愕vi. 疑心；想知道；惊讶vt
3、. 疑心；惊奇；对感到惊讶adj. 奇妙的；非凡的wonderfulturn outv. 以某种方式发生；最后是；结果是 尤指天气突然变得晴好 原来是；结果发现 出席;参加;前去观看关掉，熄灭电灯、煤气等 出席;参加;前去观看生产；制造 尤指把某人从其长期居住处撵走，赶出，逐出 翻出；倒出 出席；参加；前去观看varyvi. 变化；变异；违反vt. 改变；使多样化；变奏variable, varietyrangen. 范围；幅度；排；山脉vi. 在.内变动；平行，列为一行；延伸；漫游；射程到达vt. 漫游；放牧；使并列；归类于；来回走动range fromtostretchvt. 伸展,张开；
4、大量地使用，消耗金钱，时间；使竭尽所能；使全力以赴；vi. 伸展；足够买或支付n. 伸展，延伸concentratevi. 集中；浓缩；全神贯注；聚集vt. 集中；浓缩n. 浓缩，精选；浓缩液concentrate onconcentrationvolumen. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册adj. 大量的vi. 成团卷起vt. 把收集成卷efficientadj. 有效率的；有能力的；生效的efficiencyefficient, effectiveprocessvt. 处理；加工n. 过程，进行；方法，步骤；作用；程序；推移vi. 列队前进adj. 经过特殊加工或处理的proceed, p
5、roceduretake up to占用issuen. 问题；流出；期号；发行物vt. 发行，发布；发给；放出，排出vi. 发行；流出；造成结果；传下matter, issue, problem, questioncaffeinen. 有化药 咖啡因；茶精兴奋剂typicaladj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的typicavailableadj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的availabilitybe available forbased on以为根底，基于；改编自herbaladj. 草药的；草本的n. 植物志；草本书formulatevt. 规划；用公式表示；明确地表达blendv
6、t. 混合vi. 混合；协调n. 混合；掺合物slightadj. 轻微的，少量的；脆弱的；细长的；不重要的vt. 轻视，忽略；怠慢n. 怠慢；轻蔑suitvt. 适合；使适应n. 诉讼；恳求；套装，西装；一套外衣vi. 适宜；相称suitablebonusn. 奖金；红利；额外津贴acidityn. 酸度；酸性；酸过多；胃酸过多gentleradj. 优雅的，温和的pick-me-upn. 含酒精的饮料；提神的酒imagen. 影像；想象；肖像；偶像vt. 想象；反映；象征；作的像sight, vision, image, scenespell out讲清楚长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以
7、教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。1.With popularity and interest in tea continuing to grow in recent years, many consumers have recently considered making the switch from coffee to tea, if they have not done so already.优*良*差*_句子分析：with结构作伴随状语，if条件从句。翻译：近些年，随着对茶的关注度和兴趣持续增长，许多消费者最近已经开始考虑从咖啡转向了茶，如果他
8、们现在还没这么做。2.On the other hand, the highest interest in coffee tends to be concentrated more in the north and western regions(地区), with the highest search volumes appearing in the states of Hawaii, Washington and Minnesota.优*良*差*_句子分析：on the other hand另一方面；with结构做伴随状语。翻译：另一方面，对咖啡最感兴趣的地点倾向于集中在北部和西部地区，最
9、高搜索量出现在夏威夷、华盛顿和明尼苏达州。3.From herbal teas that are naturally free of caffeine, to high quality green and black teas that offer less than half the caffeine of coffee, to high caffeine teas such as our specially formulated HiCAF blends that contain slightly more caffeine than a cup of coffee, there is a
10、 variety sure to suit your needs.优*良*差*_句子分析：fromto从到；that offer 引导定语从句修饰前面的teas；that contain引导定语从句修饰前面的HiCAF。翻译：从不含咖啡因的草药茶到咖啡因含量缺乏咖啡一半的高质量的绿茶和红茶，再到咖啡因含量比一杯咖啡多一点的高咖啡因茶，比方我们特制的HiCAF混合物，这种多样性一定能满足你的需求。D篇社会现象类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差awareadj. 意识到的；知道的；有
11、方面知识的；懂世故的tremendousadj. 极大的，巨大的；惊人的；极好的the world-at-large全世界revolutionizevt. 发动革命；彻底改革；宣传革命vi. 革命化；从事革命revoluntionsocializevt. 使社会化；使社会主义化；使适应社会生活vi. 交际；参与社交socialasideadv. 离开，撇开；在旁边n. 旁白；私语，悄悄话；离题的话prep. 在旁边set aside aside fromconflictn. 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执vi. 冲突，抵触；争执；战斗opportunityn. 时机，时机opportunity, ch
12、anceacquaintancen. 熟人；相识；了解；知道acquaintance withkeep pace with并驾齐驱，保持同步neck and neckparticipatevi. 参与，参加；分享vt. 分享；分担share, participatecampaignvi. 作战；参加竞选；参加活动n. 运动；活动；战役enhancevt. 提高；加强；增加enhance, strengthenpeern. 贵族；同等的人；同龄人vi. 凝视，盯着看；窥视vt. 封为贵族；与同等peer atdownsiden. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的immoraladj.
13、不道德的；邪恶的；淫荡的targetn. 目标；靶子vt. 把作为目标；规定的指标；瞄准某物cyberadj. 网络的，计算机的victimn. 受害人；牺牲品；牺牲者attackn. 攻击；抨击；疾病发作vt. 攻击；抨击；动手干vi. 攻击；腐蚀tensionn. 张力，拉力；紧张，不安；电压vt. 使紧张；使拉紧pressure, strain, stress, tensionappropriateadj. 适当的；恰当的；适宜的vt. 占用，拨出distractvt. 转移；分心productivityn. 生产力；生产率；生产能力productaddictionn. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜
14、addict, addictivepost on把张贴在上不断向某人提供有关(某事)的消息revealvt. 显示；透露；揭露；泄露n. 揭露；暴露；门侧，窗侧stalkn. 植物的茎，秆；支持叶子、果实和花的梗，柄；追踪；高视阔步vt. 追踪，潜近；高视阔步vi. 高视阔步地走；潜近，偷偷接近drawbackn. 缺点，不利条件；退税方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根底上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来
15、看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜想，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号
16、入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧高考考试说明对读的要求为：主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：1.理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2.获取事实性信息；3.利用上下文推测词义；5.理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；6.理解语篇的根本结构。高中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜想词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式，解题技巧和典题
17、精析四方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer pay the least attention to?3. Choose the right order of the events given in the p
18、assage.4. All of the following statements may be true/false except_.5. Which of the following is not the result of?6. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of?7. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of /relationship of?8. Which of the following maps show
19、s the right way to?9. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of whatis like?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryElectrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines, says Bruce R
20、ideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to k
21、eep condors away解析：细节理解题。根据第三段 “Electrical lines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死if they touch two lines at once. 可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多被电死了，应选B。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性
22、格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. In which of the following publications出版物would this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies, but doesnt direct
23、ly state that _.5. The writer suggests that _.6. The author probably feels that _.7. The author uses the example of to show that _.8. Whats the authors attitude toward?解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are No
24、rth Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the
25、 wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.63. California condors attract researchers interest because they _.A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s解析：推理判断题。根据第三段 “
26、As they go in to rest for the night 排除 A;根据第二段 “In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild 可知，condors直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段 “more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico 可知，不止加利福尼亚有 condors,排除C，应选D。题型题型三：词义猜想题解释单词的猜想能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成局部，考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且
27、，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不能仅仅停留在字面上，而要结合语境和猜词方法来综合判断。设题方式1. The word “ refers to/probably means _.2. The underlined word “ could best be replaced by _.3. What do you think the expression “ stands for?4. By saying “ we mean _.5. “ as used in the passage can best be defined as _.6. Which of the following words c
28、an take the place of the word “?解题技巧1. 利用指代关系来猜想代词词义2. 利用定义语来猜想词义3. 利用定语或同位语来猜想词义4. 利用文章中的举例来猜想词义5. 利用比照或比拟的词语来猜想词义6. 利用构词法知识来猜想词义7. 利用上下文语境来猜想词义8. 利用因果关系来猜想词义典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeFor previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from
29、 people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a
30、passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68. The underlined word “passage in Paragraph 2 means _.A. change B. choiceC. text D. extension解析：词义猜想题。根据“from the sh
31、elter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对段落主旨、文章主题或中心思想及文章结构的领会和理解能力，包括段落主旨题、全文主旨题、篇章结构题。设题方式1. The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2. The passage is mainly about _.3. The best title/headline for this passage is _.4. T
32、he topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5. From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意
33、图典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilit
34、ies.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have incre
35、ased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.T
36、o prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces within colleges, we must also ma
37、ke it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of
38、 belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another
39、characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young pe
40、ople are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is th
41、e desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension
42、between safety and self-discovery.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?解析：主旨大意题篇章结构题。根据第四段 “Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 中的 “equally important和第五段的“moreover可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，应选C。语篇精讲C篇浏览问题抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项163. It can
43、 be learned from the passage that_.A. coffee is of much higher production than teaB. tea and coffee are from harvested leaves of plantsC. thepopularityof teais growing constantly in the US D. there is no regional difference in drinking tea and coffee264. According to the passage, which of the following contains the least caffeine?A. Green tea. B. Black tea. C. Herbal tea. D. HiCAF blends.365. What is the authors attitude towar