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1、高考英语阅读理解专题第6讲2022海淀二模阅读理解CD篇教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？C篇科普环保类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能
2、够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差fleetadj. 快速的，敏捷的n. 舰队；港湾；小河vi. 飞逝；疾驰；掠过vt. 消磨fleet, navya bit of一点mysteryn. 秘密，谜；神秘，神秘的事物；推理小说，推理剧；常作 mysteries 秘技，秘诀vehiclen. 车辆 车辆；工具；交通工具；运载工具；传播媒介；媒介物globallyadv. 全球地；全局地；世界上transformvt. 改变，使变形；转换vi. 变换，改变；转化mobilityn. 移动性；机动性；电子 迁移率mobileheadquarter
3、vi. 设立总部vt. 在设总部previousadj. 以前的；早先的；过早的adv. 在先；在以前previouslysteervt. 控制，引导；驾驶vi. 驾驶，掌舵；行驶n. 阉牛acceleratorn. 油门；催化剂；机 加速装置acceleratepedalvi. 踩踏板；骑车n. 踏板；脚蹬子vt. 骑自行车；踩的踏板adj. 脚的；脚踏的sensorn. 传感器senseprototypen. 原型；标准，模范techn. 技术学院或学校abbr. 技术technology；技术员techniciantechnicalgiantn. 巨人；伟人；动 巨大的动物adj. 巨大
4、的；巨人般的majorityn. 多数；成年majorshuttlen. 航天飞机；穿梭；梭子；穿梭班机、公共汽车等vt. 使穿梭般来回移动；短程穿梭般运送vi. 穿梭往返launchvt. 发射导弹、火箭等；发起，发动；使下水vi. 开始；下水；起飞n. 发射；发行，投放市场；下水；汽艇modifyvt. 修改，修饰；更改vi. 修改sport-utility交通运输工程issuen. 问题；流出；期号；发行物vt. 发行，发布；发给；放出，排出vi. 发行；流出；造成结果；传下matter, issue, problem, questiondetectvt. 发觉；发现；探测uniquea
5、dj. 独特的，稀罕的；数 唯一的，独一无二的n. 独一无二的人或物长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。优*良*差*_翻译：公司已经在公共街道上测试了其他类型的自动驾驶汽车，包括改良的雷克萨斯运动型多用途车，这是一种由加州机动车辆特殊许可的需要有一个人类司机控制的车辆。2. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerator and brake pedals t
6、o allow “safety drivers to take control if needed.优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为the vehicles will have；that引导定语从句修饰前面的the vehicles，to allow为不定式作目的状语。翻译：那些在今年夏天在开放的公路上测试的车辆将会拥有可拆卸的方向盘、油门和刹车踏板，目的是一旦需要的话方便“平安驾驶员采取控制。优*良*差*_句子分析：look forward to意为“期待，后接doing sth.其中to learning和to uncovering为并列结构；that引导定语从句修饰前面的chall
7、enges。翻译：厄姆森说，我们期待着了解社区是如何理解与使用这些车辆的，同时开启了对于完全自主驾驶的车辆的挑战。D篇科普环保类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差rareadj. 稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的adj. 杰出的；极度的；非常好的adv. 非常；极其vi. 用后腿站起；渴望rarelyshynessn. 羞怯shyviewpointn. 观点，看法；视角outgoingadj. 对人友好的，开朗的；出发的，外出的；即将离职的；乐于助人的n. 外出；流出；开支v. 超过；优于o
8、utgo的ing形式outgosociableadj. 社交的；好交际的；友善的n. 联谊会socialexcellentadj. 卓越的；极好的；杰出的excellenceconductvi. 导电；带着vt. 管理；引导；表现n. 进行；行为；实施conductive, conductorrefer to参考；涉及；指的是；适用于executiveadj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的n. 总经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员barriern. 障碍物，屏障；界线vt. 把关入栅栏stressn. 压力；强调；紧张；重要性；重读vt. 强调；使紧张；加压力于；用重音读stress
9、, emphasisroughlyadv. 粗糙地；概略地roughadaptvt. 使适应；改编vi. 适应adaptivesituationaladj. 环境形成的；情形的counterpartn. 副本；配对物；极相似的人或物sensitiveadj. 敏感的；感觉的；仪 灵敏的；感光的；易受伤害的；易受影响的n. 敏感的人；有灵异能力的人sensitivitycautiousadj. 谨慎的；十分小心的approachn. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；着手处理vi. 靠近means, approach, way, methodflashyadj. 闪光的；瞬间的；俗丽的；暴躁的fla
10、shchit-chatn. 闲谈；聊天definevt. 定义；使明确；规定definitionattentivelyadv. 注意地；聚精会神地；周到地attentive, attentionabsorbvt. 吸收；吸引；承受；理解；使全神贯注absorb inintrinsicallyadv. 本质地；内在地；固有地intrinsicmotivatedadj. 有动机的；有积极性的v. 使产生动机；激发的积极性motivate的过去式和过去分词motivateseekvt. 寻求；寻找；探索；搜索vi. 寻找；探索；搜索contentn. 内容，目录；满足；容量adj. 满意的vt. 使
11、满足regardless of不顾，不管achievevt. 取得；获得；实现；成功vi. 到达预期的目的，实现预期的结果，如愿以偿achievementcontributevt. 奉献，出力；投稿；捐献vi. 奉献，出力；投稿；捐献contributionpurposefullyadv. 有目的地；自觉地purposemodestyn. 谦逊；质朴；稳重modestlimelightn. 石灰光，石灰光灯；众人注目的中心vt. 使显露头角，使受到注目accurateadj. 精确的accuracyachievementn. 成就；完成；到达；成绩achieveacknowledgevt. 成
12、认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到acknowledgementimperfectionn. 不完美；瑕疵；缺点imperfectlimitationn. 限制；限度；极限；追诉时效；有效期限；缺陷limitstick tov. 坚持；粘住insist on, stick toinsist on坚持，坚决要求；催促，强调insist on, stick tosolutionn. 解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答solveprimarilyadv. 首先；主要地，根本上primaryapparentadj. 显然的；外表上的apparentlyobviouslyadv. 明显地显然地obviousmythn.
13、 神话；虚构的人，虚构的事effectiveadj. 有效的，起作用的；实际的，实在的；给人深刻印象effectefficient, effectivepersonalityn. 个性；品格；名人personal, personalizestrengthn. 力量；力气；兵力；长处strong, strongly, strengthen长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。1. This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they “own
14、 the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translates to a positive image. 优*良*差*_句子分析：前半句为主系表结构，how引导表语从句；make good use of意为“充分利用；which引导非限制性定语从句。翻译：这就是害羞的人如何充分利用他们存在的力量：他们享有这样的一刻，平静而有目的地表述，这转化为一种积极的形象。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根
15、底上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜想，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步
16、答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧高考考试说明对读的要求为：主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：1.理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2.获取事实性信息；3.利用上下文推测词义；5.理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；6.理解语篇的根本结构。高中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，
17、推理判断题，猜想词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式，解题技巧和典题精析四方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer pay the least attention to?3. Choos
18、e the right order of the events given in the passage.4. All of the following statements may be true/false except_.5. Which of the following is not the result of?6. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of?7. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of /relat
19、ionship of?8. Which of the following maps shows the right way to?9. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of whatis like?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryElectrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, th
20、ey just dont see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC
21、. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away解析：细节理解题。根据第三段 “Electrical lines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死if they touch two lines at once. 可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多被电死了，应选B。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的
22、逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. In which of the following publications出版物would this passage most likely be pri
23、nted?4. The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.5. The writer suggests that _.6. The author probably feels that _.7. The author uses the example of to show that _.8. Whats the authors attitude toward?解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析CCalifornia Cond
24、ors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1
25、980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.63. California condors attract researchers interest because they _.A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD
26、. almost died out in the 1980s解析：推理判断题。根据第三段 “As they go in to rest for the night 排除 A;根据第二段 “In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild 可知，condors直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段 “more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico 可知，不止加利福尼亚有 condors,排除C，应选D。题型题型
27、三：词义猜想题解释单词的猜想能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成局部，考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不能仅仅停留在字面上，而要结合语境和猜词方法来综合判断。设题方式1. The word “ refers to/probably means _.2. The underlined word “ could best be replaced by _.3. What do you think the expression “ stands for?4. By saying “ we mean _.5. “ as used in the passage can best be
28、defined as _.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “?解题技巧1. 利用指代关系来猜想代词词义2. 利用定义语来猜想词义3. 利用定语或同位语来猜想词义4. 利用文章中的举例来猜想词义5. 利用比照或比拟的词语来猜想词义6. 利用构词法知识来猜想词义7. 利用上下文语境来猜想词义8. 利用因果关系来猜想词义典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeFor previous generations, college was decisive break from parental
29、control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.
30、Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68. The underlined word “passage in Paragraph 2 means _.A. change B. cho
31、iceC. text D. extension解析：词义猜想题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对段落主旨、文章主题或中心思想及文章结构的领会和理解能力，包括段落主旨题、全文主旨题、篇章结构题。设题方式1. The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2. The passage is mainly about _.3. The
32、best title/headline for this passage is _.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5. From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或
33、主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students a
34、nd are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to
35、cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should prov
36、ide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide
37、 “safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family,
38、many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and s
39、hape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be
40、 encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understand
41、ing of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy
42、and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?解析：主旨大意题篇章结构题。根据第四段 “Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 中的 “equally important和第五段的“moreover可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，应选C。语篇精讲C篇浏览问题抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项163. The passage informs us that self-driving cars _.A. will probably decrease traffic jamsB. have already passed necessary testsC.have been purchased by some companiesD. will be able to communicate with drivers2