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1、高考英语阅读理解专题第8讲2022东城二模阅读理解CD篇教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？C篇科普环保类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能
2、够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差uncontrollableadj. 无法控制的；无法管束的；难以驾驭的reviewn. 回忆；复习；评论；检讨；检阅vt. 回忆；检查；复审vi. 回忆；复习功课；写评论uniqueadj. 独特的，稀罕的；数 唯一的，独一无二的n. 独一无二的人或物logicaladj. 合逻辑的，合理的；逻辑学的logicintensionn. 强度，烈度；加强，加剧；紧张intensedietern. 节食者dictatevt. 命令；口述；使听写vi. 口述；听写n. 命令；指示dictationcomplex
3、ityn. 复杂，复杂性；复杂错综的事物complexdetectvt. 发觉；发现；探测distinctadj. 明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的distinguishextremelyadv. 非常，极其；极端地extremegenomen. 基因组；染色体组extraordinaryadj. 非凡的；特别的；离奇的；临时的；特派的olfactoryadj. 嗅觉的；味道的n. 嗅觉器官packagingn. 包装；包装业，包装风格v. 包装package的ing形式packimpatientadj. 焦躁的；不耐心的impatiencedesperateadj. 不顾一切的；令人绝望的；
4、极度渴望的desperate, hopelesssatisfyvi. 令人满意；令人满足vt. 满足；说服，使相信；使满意，使快乐satisfactoryappetiten. 食欲；嗜好have an appetite forcontrastvi. 比照；形成对照vt. 使比照；使与对照n. 比照；差异；对照物peppermintn. 薄荷；薄荷油；胡椒薄荷；薄荷糖等于mintpeppercinnamonn. 樟属的树，肉桂；肉桂色；肉桂皮adj. 肉桂色的，浅黄褐色的concentrationn. 浓度；集中；浓缩；专心；集合concentrepromotevt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬vi
5、. 成为王后或其他大于卒的子promotionmentaladj. 精神的；脑力的；疯的n. 精神病患者mad, crazy, mentalregulatevt. 调节，规定；控制；校准；有系统的管理regulationidentifyvt. 确定；鉴定；识别，识别出；使参与；把看成一样 vi. 确定；认同；一致recognize, identify, make outswitch on接通，开启patternn. 模式；图案；样品vt. 模仿；以图案装饰vi. 形成图案inactiveadj. 不活泼的；不活动的；怠惰的；闲置的receptorn. 生化 受体；接受器；感觉器官长难句课前检测
6、学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。1. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, “more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can
7、 destroy the best intentions of a dieter. 优*良*差*_句子分析：本句为引用Conrad King说的一段话，the researcher who carried out the review作Conrad King的同位语，who carried out the review作the researcher的定语。翻译：据康拉德王，也就是做这次回忆的研究人员说，嗅觉比其他任何感觉更多地经过大脑的逻辑局部，作用于感觉系统。这就是为什么烤面包的气味儿可以摧毁最好的节食者的意图。2. Our ability to smell and taste this e
8、xtremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes基因,which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome.优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为our ability is controlled by something，to smell and taste为不定式作后置定语，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的genes。翻译：我们用来闻和尝这个极其大范围的气味的能力是被类似1000个基因的东西来控制的，而这1000个基因仅仅构成了人类基因的3
9、%。D篇社会现象类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差camaraderien. 友情；同志之爱carry outvt. 执行，实行；贯彻；实现；完成brilliantadj. 灿烂的，闪耀的；杰出的；有才气的；精彩的，绝妙的delightfuladj. 可爱的，可喜的；讨人喜欢的；令人愉快的delightcompetentadj. 胜任的；有能力的；能干的；足够的competencejerkn. 肌肉抽搐；性情乖僻的人；蠢人；急拉vi. 痉挛；急拉；颠簸地行进vt. 猛拉irres
10、istibleadj. 不可抵抗的；不能压制的；极为诱人的apparentlyadv. 显然地；似乎，外表上apparentstaffn. 职员；参谋；棒；支撑adj. 职员的；行政工作的vt. 供应人员；给配备职员vi. 雇用工作人员bondn. 债券；结合；约定；粘合剂；纽带vi. 结合，团结在一起vt. 使结合；以作保break down分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉；制服realityn. 现实；实际；真实realtoleratevt. 忍受；默许；宽恕productivityn. 生产力；生产率；生产能力productinterrelatedadj. 相关的；互相联系的v. 使相互联系i
11、nterrelate的过去式outstandinglyadv. 醒目地strategyn. 战略，策略similarityn. 类似；相似点similardeterminantadj. 决定性的n. 决定因素；数 行列式determinerecommendvt. 推荐，介绍；劝告；使受欢送；托付vi. 推荐；建议recommendationoffendvt. 冒犯；使不愉快vi. 违反；进攻；引起不舒服offensivediversityn. 多样性；差异diverselobbyn. 大厅；休息室；会客室；游说议员的团体vt. 对进行游说vi. 游说议员acceptableadj. 可接受的；
12、合意的；可忍受的acceptcreativityn. 创造力；创造性createconclusiveadj. 决定性的；最后的；确实的；确定性的concludepromotevt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬vi. 成为王后或其他大于卒的子promotion长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。_句子分析：本句主干局部为the authors found that，given做状语，we irresistibly做that的宾语。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳
13、理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根底上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜想，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题
14、的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧高考考试说明对读的要求为：主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：1.理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2.获取事实性信息；3.利用上下文推测词义；5.理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；6.理解语篇的
15、根本结构。高中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜想词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式，解题技巧和典题精析四方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer
16、pay the least attention to?3. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4. All of the following statements may be true/false except_.5. Which of the following is not the result of?6. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of?7. Which of the following maps/diagrams
17、 gives the right position of /relationship of?8. Which of the following maps shows the right way to?9. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of whatis like?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryElectrical lines have been killing them off. “As t
18、hey go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B.
19、 big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away解析：细节理解题。根据第三段 “Electrical lines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死if they touch two lines at once. 可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很
20、多被电死了，应选B。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. In which of the following publications出版物wo
21、uld this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.5. The writer suggests that _.6. The author probably feels that _.7. The author uses the example of to show that _.8. Whats the authors attitude toward?解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.
22、 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to r
23、escue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.63. California condors attract researchers interest because they _.A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the
24、 wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s解析：推理判断题。根据第三段 “As they go in to rest for the night 排除 A;根据第二段 “In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild 可知，condors直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段 “more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexi
25、co 可知，不止加利福尼亚有 condors,排除C，应选D。题型题型三：词义猜想题解释单词的猜想能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成局部，考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不能仅仅停留在字面上，而要结合语境和猜词方法来综合判断。设题方式1. The word “ refers to/probably means _.2. The underlined word “ could best be replaced by _.3. What do you think the expression “ stands for?4. By saying “ we mean _.5. “
26、as used in the passage can best be defined as _.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “?解题技巧1. 利用指代关系来猜想代词词义2. 利用定义语来猜想词义3. 利用定语或同位语来猜想词义4. 利用文章中的举例来猜想词义5. 利用比照或比拟的词语来猜想词义6. 利用构词法知识来猜想词义7. 利用上下文语境来猜想词义8. 利用因果关系来猜想词义典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeFor previous generations, colleg
27、e was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go
28、so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68. The underlined word “passage in P
29、aragraph 2 means _.A. change B. choiceC. text D. extension解析：词义猜想题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对段落主旨、文章主题或中心思想及文章结构的领会和理解能力，包括段落主旨题、全文主旨题、篇章结构题。设题方式1. The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2. Th
30、e passage is mainly about _.3. The best title/headline for this passage is _.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5. From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the
31、 passage?解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, dur
32、ing which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with a
33、nd dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given i
34、n to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and
35、personally. While we should provide “safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college comm
36、unity(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendenc
37、y for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are
38、seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desir
39、e for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmen
40、tal importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?解析：主旨大意题篇章结构题。根据第四段 “Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 中的 “equally important和第五段的“mor
41、eover可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，应选C。语篇精讲C篇浏览问题抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项163.What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?A. The category of food smells.B. The logical part of human brain.C. The nature of human olfactory system.D. The relationship between food and feelings.264.Which of the following c
42、an help people concentrate?A. Bread.B. Fruits.C. Coffee.D. Fast food.365.What do we know from the last paragraph?A. Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.B. Every person has a different pattern of genes.C. Different people are sensitive to different smells.D. There are still some olfactory genes
43、 to be found out.466.What is the passage mainly about?A. Logic and behaviour.B. Smell and its influence.C. Sense ability and food tastes.D. Olfactory genes and its system.通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类说明文3856分钟_/4Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad K