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1、专题十八 阅读理解第7讲阅读理解CD篇教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译
2、的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差speak up大声讲，畅所欲言onlineadj. 在线的get along with与和睦相处disagreev. 不同意opp. agreen. disagreement arguev. 争论，辩论n. argument respectfullyadv.恭敬地adj. respectful discussionn. 讨论v. discusscalmlyadj.冷静地，平静的point out指出，指明patientadj. 有耐心的liev.说谎，躺n. 谎话avoidv.避开，防止wrongadj.错误的opp. rightt
3、rustv. 相信，信任freedomn.自由adj. free长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。1. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.优*良*差*_句意：大约三分之二的孩子们说他们与父母相处的很好。本句中包含着一个由that引导的宾语从句，作said的宾语，that省略。2. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a di
4、scussion calmly.优*良*差*_句意：当他们与父母意见不一致的时候，他们说他们进行了冷静地讨论。本句中包含着一个由when引导的时间状语从句，当的时候。_句意：孩子们和父母在生命旅程的不同时期的相处是不同的。本句翻译时要注意中英语序的差异。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根底上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意
5、以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜想，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易
6、的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜想词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Wh
7、ich of the following statements is true/false?2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often
8、have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward别扭的.If right-handers cut up po
9、tatoes with their left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their tools此题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into
10、pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward别扭的.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，应选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred from the text that_.2. From the text we know that _.3. With w
11、hich of the following does the author agree?4. The passage is probably taken from a _.解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers
12、 about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored, Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.Grays
13、on Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free ti
14、me with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A. stress the great differences between themB. introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC. suggest good ways of going through boredomD. show effects of boredom on developing creat
15、ivity此题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她开展了她的思想，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考，由这两句关键句可
16、知两个人都认为“无聊可以开展创造力，应选D。题型题型三：词义猜想题解释单词的猜想能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成局部，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _.2. The word“most likely means _.3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _.解题技巧1. 通过因果关系猜想词义2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜想词义3
17、. 通过构词法猜想词义4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜想词义5. 通过描述猜想词义6. 用知识和生活经验猜想词义7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜想词义典题精析Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. W
18、hat does the word “hamper in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Slow down.B. Keep up with.C. Go beyond.D. Give rise to.此题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜想词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们开展创造力的时机，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“使慢下来，B意为“跟上，C意为“超出，D意为“引起，导致，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方
19、式1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _.2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _.3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _.解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为
20、前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in th
21、e world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handersC. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.此题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨此题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，bu
22、t之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand说明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that说明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，应选D。语篇精讲浏览问题抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项1According to the poll, how many kids get along very well
23、 with their parents? 细节理解题A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5. 2What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? 细节理解题A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems. 3Acco
24、rding to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? 细节理解题A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents. 4What can we learn from the passage? 推理判断题A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. B.
25、Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same. D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well. 通篇寻读通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3807分钟_/4Kids Speak UpIn an online poll (投票), TIME FO
26、R KIDS and Kids Health. org asked kids how they are getting along with their parents. Heres what they told us. Getting Along and Having Fun But two out of five kids said arguments always involve shouting at each other. Lyness points out that shouting never helps. “Speak up, and let your parents know
27、 your ideas, she advises. “But be patient. Dont use a raised, angry voice.A Changing Relationship Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun, feeling less close, and not getting along as well with their parents.Share this story with your family. You may fi
28、nd that you have a lot to talk about. 逐题分析语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要阐述了孩子成长过程中在与父母相处方面遇到的一些问题及针对这些问题的解决方法。1. According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents? A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5. 解析：B.细节理解题。题干意为“根据这项投票，有多少孩子与父母相处的融洽？，根据题干关键短语get along very w
29、ell with可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据关键句About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.可知答案为大约2/3，应选B。2. What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a
30、white lie to avoid problems. 解析：C. 细节理解题。根据题干关键句when arguments happen可将答案锁定在第4段中，根据关键句“Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas, she advises. “But be patient. Dont use a raised, angry voice.“大声说出来，让你的父母知道你的想法，但是要耐心一些，不要用一个提高音调的，生气的声音。，通过本句可知，在和父母发生争论时，孩子应该耐心的表达出自己的想法，应选C。3. According to Lyness
31、, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents. 解析：A. 细节理解题。根据题干关键短语get more freedom可将答案锁定在文章第五段中，根据段中关键句Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they
32、 are more likely to give you more freedom. she says. “讲出事实能够铸造信任。“当父母能够相信你时，他们可能给你更多自由。，故可以判断要想获得更多自由，应该讲事实，应选A。4. What can we learn from the passage? A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. C. The relationship between parent
33、s and kids stays the same. D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well. 解析：D精讲笔记学生在教师的指导下, 回忆本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法语篇中积累的词汇至少积累10个单词词性及词义单词的运用鼓励学生用所学词汇造句语篇中的学到的方法至少掌握2种细节理解题1、2、3推理判断题4词义猜想题主旨大意题能力提升根底过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义speak upadj. 在线的get along withv. 不同意v. 争论，辩论respectfullyadv.n. 讨论adj
34、.冷静地，平静的point outadj. 有耐心的v.说谎，躺v.避开，防止wrongadj.v. 相信，信任freedomn.二、句子英汉互译1. 当UFO着陆的时候，他正在购物。_.2. 我知道他是一名加拿大运发动。_.3. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents._.4. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly._._.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确
35、率星级广告布告类说明文3537分钟_/4Organizing a TEDx Youth event shows that kids are able to do much more than whats expected. They truly take this event and make it even more than what everyone hopes it will be. “The fact that youth, just like me, had planned and run the event shocked me most, said one volunteer.
36、 “I thought the event was surprising. I couldnt believe that kids of my age made the event happen.1. What is the main purpose of holding a TEDx Youth event?细节理解题A. To give kids a chance to record videos. B. To spread kids ideas all over the world2. What did a volunteer think of the event?细节理解题A. Qui
37、te typical B. Pretty crazy C. Rather difficult D. Surprising good3. One of a reporters jobs is to _.细节理解题A. give a talk B. do some interviews C. plan an event D. organize some activities4. What is the best title of this passage?主旨大意题A. When Is TEDx Youth Held? B. Why can Kids Realize Their Dreams?C.
38、 How Can Kids Share Big Ideas? D. What Changes Can TEDx Youth Bring Us?参考答案根底过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义speak up大声讲，畅所欲言onlineadj. 在线的get along with与和睦相处disagreev. 不同意arguev. 争论，辩论respectfullyadv.恭敬地discussionn. 讨论calmlyadj.冷静地，平静的point out指出，指明patientadj. 有耐心的liev.说谎，躺avoidv.避开，防止wrongadj.错误的trustv. 相信，
39、信任freedomn.自由二、句子英汉互译。1. He was shopping when the UFO landed. 2. I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete. 3. 大约三分之二的孩子们说他们与父母相处的很好。4. 当他们与父母意见不一致的时候，他们说他们进行了冷静地讨论。5. 孩子们和父母在生命旅程的不同时期的相处是不同的。阅读练习1. B 2. D 3. B 4. CD篇名师点拨知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差insteadadv.代替，反而，相反limited adj.有限的limit v. 限制，限定adventuren
40、. 冒险explorev.探索，探险suitv.适合，使适应according to根据，按照put off推迟nearbyadj. 附近的pull away火车等开始行驶funnyadj.有趣的，好笑的definitelyadv.当然，肯定的pleasev.使快乐，使满意practicaladj.实际的，实用的in case以防，万一sickadj. 生病的长难句1. Instead, they walk around with backpacks filled with everything they need, ready to sleep under the stars if nece
41、ssary.优*良*差*_句意：相反，他们背着装着他们所需要的必需品的双肩背包四处走走，如果有必要的话准备好了在户外睡觉。本句中短语filled with everything they need为过去分词短语作定语，修饰backpacks，表示被动，双肩背包被装满。2. With their limited budget, they need to choose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying the lower the price, the better.优*良*差*_句意：考虑到他们有限的预算，他们需要根据一个原那么来
42、选择住宿和交通价格越低，越好。本句包含初中阶段重点句型“the+比拟级，the+比拟级，意为“越，越，本句型也可以用在写作中。3. Travelling with friends helps you learn about getting on with people and working together.优*良*差*_句意：和朋友一起旅行能够帮助你学习与人相处和团队合作。本句型中的travelling with friends为动名词短语做主语。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语