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1、Unit 1 Honesty and Responsibility 测试（A卷夯实基础）（时间：90分钟 满分：100分）第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2021福建龙岩高二期末）Over past decades, Chinas aerospace industry has achieved a great deal and made great breakthroughs. Guo Shiyu, 31, is one of those personnel(从业人员)who h
2、ave devoted themselves to the noble cause.Working at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Guo is part of the third generation of Chinas aerospace personnel. He was born and brought up in an aerospace family with his parents and grandparents all working in the industry.Back in college, Guo
3、 majored in logistscs(物流). With a good command of relevant knowledge, he started his space career, applying what he had learned to doing material management work at the academy. He won a safety production award along with his team members. Each generation of aerospace personnel pursues high quality
4、and error-free work, he said.Guo developed interest in aerospace when he was a university student. In 2007, he saw Chinas first unmanned lunar probe Chang e I make a smooth launch. Before I graduated in 2011, the space station Tiangong-I took another step forward into the universe, and so I made up
5、my mind to work on space missions, he said.Guo learned to be careful and precise from the family members who came before him. Guos grandfather was one of the first team of Chinese aerospace staff. He saw the academy being built in the middle of nowhere in the 1950s. Aerospace is a big project while
6、everyone s work is ordinary. No matter whether its designing or managing, its detailed tasks that make up a great mission. I hope Guo will take details seriously and work hard at his position, his grandfather said.As the saying goes, My conquest(征途)is the sea of stars, Guo said. I hope someday space
7、flight will be as easy as taking a train or plane now.1. How did Guo Shiyu prepare for his aerospace career in college?AHe devoted himself to it.BHe took every detail seriously.CHe worked hard with his teammates.DHe equipped himself with professional knowledge.2. What inspired Guo to take up his pre
8、sent career?AHis interest in aerospace.BHis safety production award.CThe influence of aerospace staff.DThe achievements in space exploration.3. What can we infer from Guos words in the last paragraph?AHe is satisfied with his contributions.BHe is concerned about spaceflight.CHe is ambitious about hi
9、s chosen career.DHe is optimistic about Chinas aerospace industry.【答案】D D D【解析】本文是记叙文。文章介绍中国航空航天从业人员郭世宇的事迹。1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Back in college, Guo majored in logistscs(物流). With a good command of relevant knowledge, he started his space career, applying what he had learned to doing material management w
10、ork at the academy.( 回到大学后，郭主修物流，精通相关知识，他开始了他的航空生涯，应用他学到的东西在学院做材料管理工作)”可知，在大学里，郭世宇掌握了专业知识，为他的航空事业做好准备。故选D项。2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Before I graduated in 2011, the space station Tiangong-I took another step forward into the universe, and so I made up my mind to work on space missions, he said.( “在我2011年毕业之前，天
11、宫空间站向宇宙又迈进了一步，所以我决定致力于太空任务，”他说)”可推断，太空探索中取得的成就鼓舞郭从事了现在的事业。故选D项。3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“As the saying goes, My conquest(征途)is the sea of stars, Guo said. I hope someday spaceflight will be as easy as taking a train or plane now.( “俗话说，我的征途是星星之海，”郭说。“我希望有一天航天飞行能像现在坐火车或飞机一样容易)”可推断，郭对中国的航空航天工业持乐观态度。故选D项。B（202
12、1吉林长春29中高二期中）The big Town Hall clock was striking midnight when Frank began to cross the bridge. The dark night air was a little cold and wet.Frank was strongly wishing to get home and his footsteps rang loudly on the pavement(人行道). When he reached the middle of the bridge, he thought he could hear
13、someone coming near behind him. He looked back but could see no one. However, the sound went on and Frank began walking more quickly. Then he slowed down again. There is nothing to be afraid of in a town as quiet as this, he thought to himself.Just then, he heard short, quick steps closely behind hi
14、m. By the time he got to the other side of the bridge, he could almost feel some one was behind him. He turned around and found there stood a man dressed in a large coat. A hat was quite down over his eyes and Frank could see very little of his face. Frank said something about the weather, trying to
15、 be friendly and quiet. The man did not answer but just asked where Oakfield House was. Frank pointed to a big house far away and the stranger went on his way.Frank asked himself why the stranger wanted to find Oakfield House at such an hour. He knew that the people who lived there were very rich. A
16、lmost without realizing what he was doing , he began to follow the stranger quietly. The man was up soon outside the house and Frank saw him look up at the windows. A light was still on and the man waited until it went out. When about half an hour passed, Frank saw him drop on to the ground at the o
17、ther side.Now Frank realized what was going to happen. He walked quietly and quietly across the street to the telephone box at the corner.4. At midnight that day, Frank was _.A. going to Oakfield HouseB. leaving the Town Hall for a telephone boxC. on his way home when he found a stranger on a bridge
18、D. in a hurry to meet a friend in Oakfield House5. Frank said something about the weather to the stranger because _.A. he was a very friendly personB. he didnt want to show that he felt a little afraidC. he wanted to start a talk with the manD. he wanted to know what the weather would be like the ne
19、xt day6. What did Frank think was going to happen?A. The stranger was going to spend the night in Oakfield House.B. Someone was going to make a telephone call before him.C. The stranger would get himself hurt.D. Someone was going to break into the house and take some things away from the house.【答案】C
20、 B D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公弗兰克在回家的路上遇到一个陌生人一直跟着他，后来给这个男人指路并跟着他，发现他似乎想要盗窃，就给警局打电话的故事。4. 细节理解题。根据第三段“By the time he got to the other side of the bridge, he could almost feel some one was behind him. He turned around and found there stood a man dressed in a large coat.（当他到达桥的另一边时，他几乎感觉到有人在他后面。他转过身来，发现站着
21、一个穿着大衣的人。）”可知，那天午夜，弗兰克在回家的路上，他发现桥上有一个陌生人。故选C。5. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Frank said something about the weather, trying to be friendly and quiet.（弗兰克说了一些关于天气的事情，尽量表现得友好而安静。）”可知，弗兰克跟陌生人说了些关于天气的事，因为他不想表现出他有点害怕。故选B。6. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“A light was still on and the man waited until it went out. When about half an hour p
22、assed, Frank saw him drop on to the ground at the other side.（灯还亮着，那个人一直等到灯灭了。大约过了半小时，弗兰克看见他到了另一边的地上。）”可推断，弗兰克以为有人要破门而入拿走房子里的一些东西。故选D。C（2021广东金山中学高二期中）This month, Germanys transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles. They would define the drivers r
23、ole in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants th
24、ree things: that a car always chooses property damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel to check email, say the cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the ro
25、ad traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability issue is the biggest on
26、e of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless
27、cars. “When you say driverless cars, people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know no driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehic
28、les you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a
29、public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.7. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AA place where cars often break down.BA case where passing a law is impossible.CAn area where no driving is permitted.DA situation where drivers role is not clear.8. The proposal
30、put forward by Dobrindt aims to _ .Astop people from breaking traffic rulesBhelp promote fully automatic drivingCprotect drivers of all ages and racesDprevent serious property damage9. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?AIt should get the attention of insurance companies.BIt
31、 should be the main concern of law makers.CIt should not cause deadly traffic accidents.DIt should involve no human responsibility.10. What could be the best title for the passage?AAutonomous Driving: Whose Liability?BFully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughCAutonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!DDriv
32、erless Cars: Root of Road Accidents【答案】D B D A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。从德国交通部长亚历山大多布林特提出的第一套自动驾驶汽车规则入手，文章介绍了无人驾驶汽车运营中的责任划分问题。7. 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.可知，他们将定义司机在此类车辆中的角色，并管理此类车辆在可能造成人员伤亡的撞车事故中的表现；再根据第二段T
33、he proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.可知，该提案试图解决一些人所说的自动驾驶汽车的“死亡谷”：半自动驾驶汽车和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，这可能会推迟无人驾驶汽车的未来。由此可知，死亡谷指的就是在交通规则中驾驶员的责任划分不明确的情况，故D项
34、正确。8. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt.”可知，多布林特说：“道路交通法的修改将允许全自动驾驶”，由此可知，布林特的这项提议旨在帮助推动完全自动驾驶，故B项正确。9. 细节理解题。根据第六段An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful
35、 and monitoring the road” at every moment.可知，今年早些时候，英国推出了一项针对无人驾驶汽车的保险设想，该设想坚持让人类时刻保持警惕，监控道路状况，再结合第七段But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say driverless cars, people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know no driver.”可知，但这并不是很多人在考虑无人驾驶汽车时所想
36、的。“当你提到无人驾驶汽车，人们期待无人驾驶汽车，”梅拉特说，“你知道没有司机。”由此可知，消费者认为无人驾驶汽车的操作不应该涉及人的责任，故D项正确。10. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第五段中的Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability issue is the biggest one of them all”可知，在汽车制造商、消费者和律师中，谁来负责无人驾驶汽车的运营还不明确，责任问
37、题是最大问题之一，由此可知本文主要介绍的是无人驾驶汽车运营中的责任划分问题，故A项（自主驾驶谁来负责？）适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2021甘肃金昌一种高二期中）As parents, we must teach our children the importance and value of honesty from an early age. However, teaching our children to be honest isnt the same as
38、 teaching them to tie their shoes._11_ Otherwise, theyll prefer to lie in order to avoid being punished._12_ Lying in order to receive objects or attention are two main ones. Another one is to avoid punishment parents should be careful with this one. Being too strict can result in childrens lying mo
39、re often.When should we start teaching them the difference between lies and the truth? Children under the age of 3 dont have the ability to understand the importance of values. As soon as they turn 3, however, its important for parents to watch carefully. It isnt enough for parents to teach. We must
40、 also observe our childs behavior. _13_Rewarding children can be a great motivation for their learning. _14_ This will help create a trustful environment within the family. At the same time, we shouldnt let our children hear us lying. Parents are the models that their children follow, and therefore
41、a lot will depend on a parents behavior.As our children grow up, its important to teach them the value of honesty. _15_ Its important for them to realize that telling lies prevents us from helping them in the most appropriate way.A. Let them understand the value of telling the truth.B. Even if were
42、honest, our children may not be honest.C. This will allow us to find out what makes the child lie.D. We cant correct childrens behavior through punishment.E. They will start to link honesty with something positive.F. Specialists in child psychology have listed the reasons why children lie.G. Punishm
43、ent and anger dont always work when trying to stop children from lying.【答案】D F C E A【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了作为父母，要从孩子小时候就要教育他们诚实的重要性。11. 根据下文“Otherwise, theyll prefer to lie in order to avoid being punished.(否则，他们会为了逃避受到惩罚而撒谎)”可知，D项“We cant correct childrens behavior through punishment. (我们不能通过惩罚来纠正孩子的行为)”切
44、题，其中“punishment”与下文中的“punished”是同根词复现，是顺承D项的话题。故选D。12. 根据下文“Lying in order to receive objects or attention are two main ones. Another one is to avoid punishment parents should be careful with this one.(为了获得对象或注意而说谎是两个主要的原因。另一个是避免惩罚父母在这一点上应该小心)”可知，孩子说谎的主要的原因是为了得到东西或引起注意以及逃避惩罚；F项“Specialists in child
45、psychology have listed the reasons why children lie.(儿童心理学专家列出了儿童说谎的原因)”切题；下文中提到的儿童撒谎的原因是对F项中“the reasons why children lie”的具体说明。故选F。13. 根据上文“We must also observe our childs behavior.”可知，父母除了教育孩子不要撒谎之外，还必须观察孩子的行为；C项“This will allow us to find out what makes the child lie.(这将可以让我们找出是什么使孩子说谎)”切题，其中“th
46、is”指代上文中的“observe our childs behavior”，C项是顺承上文的话题。故选C。14. 根据上文“Rewarding children can be a great motivation for their learning.”可知，奖励孩子可以成为他们学习的一大动力；E项“They will start to link honesty with something positive.(他们会开始把诚实和一些积极的事情联系起来)”切题；上文中的“rewarding children”是原因，E项中“link honesty with something positi
47、ve”是结果。故选E。15. 根据上文“As our children grow up, its important to teach them the value of honesty.”可知，随着孩子们的成长，教育他们诚实的价值是很重要的；A项“Let them understand the value of telling the truth.(让他们明白讲真话的价值)”切题，其中“the value of telling the truth”与上文中的“the value of honesty”语义相同。故选A。第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；
48、每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2021福建厦门大学附属科技中学高二期中）On July 20, Yu Yifei, a 26-year-old medical intern(实习生)at Peoples Hospital of Zhengzhou, made his way home in a subway train on Line 5 after his first days training. When downpours struck the city, he _16_ about a dozen people trapped in a flooded subway train as the rainfall in Zhengzhou reached 201.9 millimeters between 4 pm and 5 pm, a totally new _17_ in the history of Zhe