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1、Unit 2 Understanding each other 测试（B卷能力提升）（时间：90分钟 满分：120分）第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题：每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2021陕西西安中学高三模拟）A layover(临时滞留) or flight delay can be extremely fun in these international airports.Munich Airport, GermanyAviation(航空) lovers passing through M
2、unich can take a behind-the-scenes tour to learn how the airport operates. Visitors can also tour three historic aircraft and a retired rescue helicopter, climb up to a 28-metre high observation platform for an up-close view of take-offs and landings, and watch films on aviation in the airports 60-s
3、eat cinema. Travelers can also kill layover time at an 18-hole mini-golf course, or even stop in for a teeth cleaning at the airport dental office.Changi Airport, SingaporeAfter a long flight to Singapore, travelers can relax in a Balinese-style swimming pool, work out at the airport gym, or enjoy a
4、 drink and live musical performances at the airports Music Bar. The airport also boasts a tranquil butterfly garden, and a “fragrant garden” which is home to 15 species of plants and trees. Free movies at one of two airport cinemas also keep passengers entertained.Schiphol Amsterdam Airport, the Net
5、herlandsSchiphol is Europes fifth-largest airport. Here passengers can view the works of Dutch masters free of charge, and try their luck at airports casino(赌场). You can even have your wedding ceremony at Schipholcouples can choose from four different wedding packages, including a 1930-style ceremon
6、y held on a Dakota military aircraft.San Francisco International Airport, CaliforniaThe airports 24-hour AirTrain not only moves passengers between terminal, but also provides a fun view of the runways. There are three aquariums(水族馆) to explore, along with interactive play area, an aviation museum,
7、and a library. If thats not enough to keep the little ones busy, travelers can rent portable DVD players and movies for use in the airport.1. What can travelers do at the Munich Airport?A. They can have their teeth cleaned.B. They can watch free films in the 28-seat cinema.C. They can visit one of t
8、hree aquariums.D. They can relax in a swimming pool.2. Which is the unique feature of the Schiphol Amsterdam Airport?A. Passengers can see a retired rescue helicopter.B. Passengers can visit a Munich military aircraft.C. Passengers can get married there.D. Passengers can play golf there.3. Which air
9、port was designed with kids in mind?A. Munich Airport.B. Changi Airport.C. Schiphol Amsterdam Airport.D. San Francisco International Airport.【答案】A C D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了临时滞留或航班延误对你来说可能是很糟糕的事情，但在这些国际机场你也许会找到很多乐趣。1. 细节理解题。根据Munich Airport, Germany中or even stop in for a teeth cleaning at the airport den
10、tal office.可知，在慕尼黑机场，旅客可以去清洁牙齿。故选A。2. 细节理解题。根据Schiphol Amsterdam Airport, the Netherlands中内容You can even have your wedding ceremony at Schipholcouples can choose from four different wedding packages, including a 1930style ceremony held on a Dakota military aircraft.可知，旅客可以在阿姆斯特丹机场举行婚礼，故选C。3. 细节理解题。根
11、据San Francisco International Airport, California中If thats not enough to keep the little ones busy, travelers can rent portable DVD players and movies for use in the airport.可知，旧金山国家机场是把孩子考虑在内而建造的。故选D。B（2021福建莆田高二期末）When I was six, on my first day in an American classroom, my classmates and the teach
12、er suddenly stood up, put their hands over their hearts, and started reading the Pledge of Allegiance(效忠誓言). It marked the beginning of a fascination with what I eventually learned to call culture.That fascination deepened in college, where I majored in Russian and learned everything I could about t
13、he country. Then I won a chance to study community theater in Irkutsk. When youre involved in a different culture, you start wondering everything about it. So I developed a habit of exploring them whenever in an unfamiliar situation. Culture offered the chance to see the world. Culture also, at leas
14、t partially, led me to WWF.Four years later, I moved to Alaska. WWFs Alaska office was looking for someone who could speak Russian. They hired me. Ive been with WWF ever since. As WWFs Arctic and Bering Sea program officer, I connect the dots between polar bears, climate change and communities. I le
15、ad WWFs efforts to help polar bears and other Arctic marine mammals coexist alongside people.While I picked up some environmental knowledge when volunteering with a conservation group in Siberia, I learned loads about Arctic ecosystems and species, especially through translating. My ability to move
16、between cultures has proved just as critical to my work at WWF as my technical expertise. The people who live and work in the Arctic represent many backgrounds and opinionsAlaska native communities, government agencies, activists, people with different nationalities. You cant do conservation work he
17、re without recognizing the cultural barriers those differences can create.I work with Alaska native communities in the remotest parts of the state to help them find solutions to human-polar bear conflict. But when I first go into a community, I never start by talking about “human-polar bear conflict
18、”. Instead, I ask them whats happening with polar bears in their village. And I listen. We can work together to find solutions. I also rely on Alaska native people to help me share those solutions with other Alaska native communities.4. Why did the author go to Irkutsk?ATo learn Russian.BTo learn co
19、mmunity theater.CTo help polar bears.DTo join WWF.5. What is one of the authors duties as a WWFs officer?ATo study Arctic ecosystems.BTo set up wildlife reserves.CTo collect money for Arctic animals.DTo help people live in harmony with animals.6. What does paragraph 4 intend to show?AThe benefits of
20、 volunteering.BHow to get along with different people.CHow to study environmental problems.DThe importance of learning other cultures.7. Which is the authors measure to help communities solve human-polar bear conflict?AAsking locals for situations first.BLiving in the local communities.CStressing th
21、e need to protect polar bears.DTalking about human-polar bear conflict directly.【答案】B D D A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的语言学习经历和工作经历。作者主修过俄语，以前在俄罗斯学过戏剧，这使得作者获得了去世界自然基金会工作的机会。通过自己的学习和工作经历，作者意识到学习其他语言和文化的重要性。4. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Then I won a chance to study community theater in Irkutsk.(后来我赢得了一个在伊尔库茨克学习社区戏剧的机会。
22、)”可知，作者去伊尔库茨克是为了学习社区戏剧。故选B项。5. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“As WWFs Arctic and Bering Sea program officer, I connect the dots between polar bears, climate change and communities. I lead WWFs efforts to help polar bears and other Arctic marine mammals coexist alongside people.(作为世界自然基金会的北极和白令海项目官员，我把北极熊、气候变化和社区联系
23、起来。我领导世界自然基金会努力帮助北极熊和其他北极海洋哺乳动物与人类共存。)”可知，努力帮助北极熊和其他北极海洋哺乳动物与人类共存是作者的工作职责。故选D项。6. 推理判断题。通过阅读文章第四段内容可知，第四段内容“My ability to move between cultures has proved just as critical to my work at WWF as my technical expertise.(事实证明，我在不同文化间交流的能力对我在世界自然基金会的工作和我的技术专长同样重要。)”以及末尾句内容“You cant do conservation work h
24、ere without recognizing the cultural barriers those differences can create.(在这里，你不可能在没有认识到这些差异所造成的文化障碍的情况下进行保护工作。)”揭示了作者在该段要表达的意图，即，作者想强调学习其他国家的文化、跨文化交际能力的重要性。故选D项。7. 细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“Instead, I ask them whats happening with polar bears in their village. And I listen. We can work together to find sol
25、utions. I also rely on Alaska native people to help me share those solutions with other Alaska native communities.(相反，我问他们村子里的北极熊怎么样了。我听。我们可以共同努力找到解决方案。我也依靠阿拉斯加原住民帮助我与其他阿拉斯加原住民社区分享这些解决方案。)”可知，在处理人与北极熊冲突的问题上，作者会先询问当地的村民村子里的北极熊的情况，倾听，然后共同找到解决方案。故选A项。C（2021湖南师大附中高二期中）Babies are surrounded by human lang
26、uage, always listening and processing. Eventually, they put sounds together to produce a “Daddy” or a “Mama”. But what still confuses neuroscientists is exactly how the brain works to put them all together.To figure it out, a team of researchers turned to a frequent stand-in(代替)for babies when it co
27、mes to language learning: the song-learning zebra finch(斑胸草雀). “Weve known songbirds learn their song by first forming a memory of their fathers song or another adults song. Then they use that memory to guide their song learning,” said Neuroscientist Todd Roberts. “Its been a long-term goal of the f
28、ield to figure out how or where in the brain this memory is. This type of imitative learning that birds do is very similar to the type of learning that we engage in regularlyparticularly when were young, we use it to guide our speech learning.”Roberts and his team had a feeling that the interface(交叉
29、区域)between sensory areas and motor areas in the brain was critical for this process, and they focused on a group of brain cells called the NIF.“In order to prove that we could identify these circuits, we thought if we could implant a false memory.” First, they used a virus to cause the neurons(神经元)i
30、n the birds NIf to become sensitive to light. Then, using a tiny electrode as a flashlight, which activated(激活)the neurons. The length of each pulse of light corresponded with the amount of time the neurons would fire. And the birds brains took that time period as the length of each note.Soon enough
31、, the birds began to practice the notes they had learned, even though they never really heard the sounds. Amazingly, the birds produced them in the correct social situations. The researchers say this is the first time anybody has found exactly a part of the brain necessary for generating the sorts o
32、f memories needed to copy sounds.“This line of research is going to help us make out where in the brain we encode memories of relevant social experiences that we use to guide learning. We know that there are several neurodevelopmental disorders in people that have really far-reaching effects on this
33、 type of learning.”8. The zebra finch is researched because its song-learning mode _.Ais like the way babies learn speedBdecides whether it will sing songsChelps it to say “Daddy” or “Mama”Dreflects its talent for imitating its fathers song.9. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer
34、to?AThe interface in the brain.BImitative learning type like birds.CGuidance from adults.DThe way of regular learning.10. What can we learn from the research led by Roberts?Aa bird only sings what it heard beforeBThe brain produces tiny electrodes.CBirds are sensitive to flashlights.DScientists acti
35、vated some neurons by using an electrode.11. What do the Roberts team expect of this line of research?AA change in our way of listening and processing.BA chance to have relevant social experiences.CA better knowledge of the secrets of learning.DIdentification of neurodevelopmental disorders.【答案】A B
36、D C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家用斑胸草雀的声音学习方式来解密人类语言学习奥秘的研究。8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This type of imitative learning that birds do is very similar to the type of learning that we engage in regularlyparticularly when were young”（鸟类的这种模仿学习与我们经常使用的学习方式非常相似尤其是我们小的时候）可知,斑胸草雀的声音学习与我们小时候的语言学习方式相似，所以要研究它们。故选A项。9. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Th
37、is type of imitative learning that birds do is very similar to the type of learning that we engage in regularlyparticularly when were young”(鸟类的这种模仿学习方式与我们常用的学习方式非常相似，特别是在我们小时候)”可知，下文中“we use it to guide our speech learning.”中的it指代上文中的his type of imitative learning that birds do（鸟类的这种模仿学习方式）。故选B项。10
38、. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Then, using a tiny electrode as a flashlight, they activated (激活) the neurons.”（然后，他们用一个小电极作为手电筒，激活神经元）可知,科学家用小电极激活了神经元。故选D。11. 推理判断题。根据第六段中“This line of research is going to help us identify where in the brain we encode memories of relevant social experiences that we use to guide lea
39、rning.”（这个研究方向将帮助我们识别我们在大脑的哪个部分对记忆进行编码，我们可以用这些与社会体验相关的记忆来学习）可推断该研究可以解码与学习相关的大脑奥秘，从而帮助我们了解学习的秘密。故选C。D（2021江西南昌二中高二阶段练习）While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that weve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.Way back in our childhoo
40、d, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didnt feel uncomfortable about the sig
41、ht of those verbed nouns.“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia OConner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 p
42、ercent of all new verbs have come from nouns.Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.BWhite, in The Elements of Style the Bible for the use of American English have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into s
43、ervice as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says OConner. Thats why were comfortable “hosting” a p
44、arty, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesnt offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if its easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Ma
45、ke sure its descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for tr
46、ying to end verbing altogether, forget it.12. What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?AIt hasnt recently been opposed by many grammarians.BIt is more commonly accepted by children than adults.CIt hasnt been a rare phenomenon in the past century.DIt is easily replaced by existing verbs in practi
47、ce13. What is most leading experts attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?ACautious.BSatisfied.CDisappointed.DUnconcerned.14. What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?APredictable.BPracticable.CApproaching.DImpossible.15. What is the best title for the text?AAre 40 Pe
48、rcent of all new verbs from nouns？BAre Summering and Medaling Annoying?CAre You Comfortable about a New Verb?DAre There Any Rules for Verbing?【答案】C A D B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。12. 推理判断题。根据第三段的Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。13. 推理判断题。根据第四段的Not all are bad, but all are suspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的）和The Chicago Manual of Sty