《广东省四校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题(含解析).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《广东省四校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题(含解析).docx(21页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、广东省四校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题学校:姓名:班级:考号:一、阅读理解Brooklyn Childrens MuseumFounded in 1899 as the countrys first museum specifically made for children, today BCM is comprehensive, with a permanent collection of 30,000 objects, including musical instruments, masks and dolls. Kids love the interactive W
2、orld Brooklyn, a small cityscape (城 市风光)lined by stores where children can pretend to be working grown-ups.Childrens Museum of ManhattanLooking for interactive art that welcomes curious minds? Then head to Inside Art, the current show up at CMOM, which lets your little ones climb in and over and all
3、 around the exhibits. Its ideas like this that make the 40,000-square-foot so special. Learning about culture, history and science is a pride for kids aged six and under. CMOM also hosts classes-like Gross Biology for kids who are interested in insects-all designed with the latest child-development
4、research in mind.DiMenna Childrens History MuseumThe hands-on displays at this kid-focused arm of the New York Historical Society transport children back through 350 years of US history, with a special focus on NYC. Children are encouraged to climb around and interact with exhibits that highlight th
5、e lives of kids who grew up to become famous doctors, athletes and political figures! Little New Yorkers can get in on sing-alongs and crafts. Other family programs include cookings classes, games and story hours.Staten Island Childrens MuseumStaten Island Childrens Museum nurtures (培养)creativity. I
6、t offers hands-on experiences like the Block Harbor (plenty of blocks to play with!), larger-than-life games like Connect Four and Dominoes, and even the opportunity to climb through a human-sized anthill or play firefighter at Ladder 11, so youll find immersive (沉浸式的)fun around every corner. Dont f
7、orget to stop by Green Living Room powered by the wind energy where the kids can learn about ways to reduce our carbon footprint.1 . Which museum provides biology classes for kids?A. Brooklyn Childrens Museum.B. Staten Island Childrens Museum.moustache!” Suddenly, the entire party broke out in laugh
8、ter.注意:L续写词数应为150左右;2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph 1:I was so embarrassed and wanted to run back.Paragraph 2:I stared at the cake with a clown wearing a moustache in disbelief.参考答案:1. C 2. B 3. C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合孩子参观的博物馆。1 .细节理解题。根据 Childrens Museum of Manhattan 中“CMOM also hosts classes-like
9、Gross Biology for kids who are interested in insects-all designed with the latest child-development research in mind.(CMOM也主持一些课程,比如给那些对昆虫感兴趣的孩子们讲生物课,这 些昆虫的设计都考虑到了最新的儿童发展研究)”可知,Childrens Museum of Manhattan会为 孩子们提供生物课。故选C。2 .细节理解题。根据 DiMenna Childrens History Museum 中“Children are encouraged to clim
10、b around and interact with exhibits that highlight the lives of kids who grew up to become famous doctors, athletes and political figures!(孩子们被鼓励到处攀爬,与突出了那些长大后成为著名 医生,运动员,政治家的孩子们的生活的展品互动广可知,孩子们在DiMenna Childrens History Museum可以了解著名人物的童年生活。故选B。3 .细节理解题。根据 Staten Island Childrens Museum 中Dont forget
11、to stop by Green Living Room powered by the wind energy, where the kids can learn about ways to reduce our carbon footprint别忘了去绿色客厅,那里有风能供电,在这里孩子们可以了解减少低碳排放的方 法)”可知,孩子们在Green Living Room可以学习保护环境的方法。故选C。4 . C 5. B 6. A 7. D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小生活艰苦的Hal Donaldson在努力改善生活 条件的时候忽视了身边的人,而他与Mother Teresa的一
12、次交流触动了他,他开始关注那些 需要帮助的人并逐渐致力于帮助他人。4 .细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he was asked to interview Mother Teresa.(1990 年,23 岁 的Hal Donaldson,刚从大学毕业,来到印度加尔各答,在那里他被要求采访Mother Teresa)” 可知,23岁的Hal Donaldson在印度采访了 Mother Ter
13、esao故选Co5 .推理判断题。根据第四段中的When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet, they went on welfare.(12岁时,他的父母被酒后驾车的司机撞了;他的父亲去世了,他的母亲受了重伤。 为了收支相抵,他们靠救济生活)”可推断,童年时期的Hal Donaldson过着艰难的生活。故 选Bo6 .推理判断题。根据第五段中的力 was jus
14、t trying to find my way out of insignificance. However, ifs easy to overlook others along the way. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street, so I didnt have to confront (面对)him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.(我只是想摆脱自己的
15、卑微。然而,在这个过程 中很容易忽略其他人。我是那种看到无家可归的人就会过马路的人,所以我不用去面对他。 我的注意力集中在攀登顶峰上,而不是帮助那些试图和我一起攀登的人)“可推断,大学时期 的Hal Donaldson只关注如何改善自己的生活,是一个以自我为中心的人。故选A。7 .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Donaldson returned home from India w汕 a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and stayed on the streets and listened to sto
16、ries of thehomeless.(Donaldson从印度回至家后,想法转变了。他在美国去八个城市旅行了,待在 街道上,倾听那些无家可归人们的故事)”和最后一段Inspired by Mother Teresas words and the stories hed heard across America. Donaldson loaded a pick-up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to anyone who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson created the n
17、onprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world.( Mother Teresa的话语和他在美国各地听到的故事激励了他。Donaldson把 价值300美元的食品杂货装上一辆小货车,分发给任何需要帮助的人。1994年,Donaldson 创立了非营利组织“希望车队”,与美国和世界各地的社区合作)“可推断,Hal Donaldson从印 度回家以后开始关注别人的生活并逐渐致力于帮助别人。故选Do8 . A 9. D 10. C 11. B
18、【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了,如果你的手指一年四季都在发冷,可能是得了雷诺 氏病,解释了它的原因、症状、发病群体。8 .推理判断题。由第一段“If your fingers get chilly all year roundeven in the peak of summer-youre not alone. Many people get cold hands during all of the seasons, due to a number of causes, from genetic to chronic illnesses.(如果你的手指一年四季者E在发冷,即使是在盛夏 时节
19、,你也不孤单。许多人在整个季节都会手感冰冷,原因有很多,从遗传病到慢性病。), 可推断出第一段的内容是为下文做铺垫,为了介绍一个疾病话题。故选A项。9 .细节理解题。由第二段中的“Common reasons include being elderly and thin.(常见的原因 包括年老体瘦。)和“Cold hands are one of the symptoms of both anemia (贫血症)and hypothyroidism (甲 状腺机能减退).Diabetes, which reduces blood circulation, can also trigger it
20、. And if your heart is weak from heart disease, your body may prioritize sending blood to your core overyour limbs.(手冰冷是贫血和甲状腺功能减退的症状之一。糖尿病会减少血液循环,也 会引发手冰冷。如果你的心脏因为心脏病而虚弱,你的身体可能会优先把血液输送到你的心 脏而不是四肢。),可知年纪大、偏瘦、糖尿病和心脏病是导致双手冰冷的原因,文章并未提 及肥胖导致双手冰冷。故选D项。10 .细节理解题。由第四段中的Raynauds is more common in women, and
21、 it most often develops before the age of 30. In fact, if you develop Raynauds when youre older-usually after 40it can be a sign of another underlying issue.(雷诺氏病在女性中更为常见,最常在30岁 之前发病。事实上,如果你在40岁以后得雷诺氏病的话,这可能是另一个潜在问题的征兆。), 可知在某些情况下,雷诺氏病可能是一些健康问题的征兆。故选C项。11 .推理判断题。由最后段“For the majority of people livin
22、g with Raynaud9s, medication wont be necessary. However, a rare, more severe form of Raynauds affects less than one in 1,000 people. In these cases, blood can become completely blocked, causing sores on the hands. If they go untreated, it can lead to gangrene (坏疽)and, very rarely, amputation (截肢)(对于
23、大多数雷 诺氏病患者来说,药物治疗是不必要的。然而,一种罕见的,更严重的雷诺氏病影响不到千 分之一的人。在这种情况下,血液会完全阻塞,导致手部疼痛。如果他们得不到治疗,可能 会导致坏疽和截肢。),可知本段主要讲不同雷诺氏病患者,有的不需要治疗,有的不治疗, 后果严重,可推断出在下一段中,作者可能会谈论雷诺氏病的治疗及预防手部冰冷的方法。 故选B项。12 . B 13. C 14. D 15. A【分析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序着重介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、发掘工 作及意义。【详解】1.猜测词义题。该词所在句子“However, large-scale excavation on t
24、he site only began in 1986, when two pits - widely believed for sacrificial ceremonies - were accidentally discovered”(当两个祭祀坑被意外发现,三星堆大规模的挖掘工作1986年才真正开始。)再 结合第一自然段最后一句话里的unearth可推测该划线词的意思是“挖掘、发掘”。A选项发 现“;B选项“挖掘;发掘、C选项“探索;发现”;D选项扩大;扩张:故选B。2 .细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“Excavation capsules with hi-tech equipment
25、 were set up in the pits to better conserve the site.(在坑内设置了装有高科技设备的挖掘胶囊,以更好 地保存该址)可知,考古学家采用配备高科技设备的挖掘胶囊保护了三星堆遗址。故选C。3 .推理判断题。根据最后一段Sanxingdui site covers an area of 12 square kilometers, and its core zone of an ancient city covers 3.6 square kilometers.(三星堆面积 12 平方公里,核心区 域占地大约4平方公里,大约三分之一。)可知,核心区面积
26、约为三星堆遗址的l/3o故选D。4 .主旨大意题。通读全文可知,全文按照时间顺序着重介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、 发掘工作,可以确定全文关键信息为Sarificial pits, discovered ,Sangxingdui Site. A选项关键 词为 Sacrificial pits+unearthed; B 选项关键词为 Sanxingdui Site+ needed to be conserved; C 选 项为 discoveries+cast light on; D 选项为 Hi-tech+helped to excavate.o综上所述,A 选项能 高度概括全文,故选A。1
27、6. B 17. E 18. A 19. F 20. G【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了人体免疫系统和疫苗是如何工作的。17. 根据前句“When germs, such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply.(当细菌或病毒等细菌侵入人体时,它们就会攻击并繁殖。)”和空后“The immune system uses several tools to fight infection (感染)(免疫系统使用几种工具来对抗感染。)“可 知,空处承接上一句讲述细菌的入侵;根据选项可知,选项B. This inv
28、asion, called an infection, is what causes illness.(这种入侵被称为感染,是导致疾病的原因。)承上启下,符合题意,此 处 infection 与下文“fight infection”呼应。故选 B。18. 根据空前“Macrophages swallow up and digest germs, plus dead and dying cells. They leave behind parts of the invading germs called antigens (抗原).(巨噬细胞吞噬和消化细菌,以及 死亡和垂死的细胞。它们留下了被称
29、为抗原的入侵细菌的部分。)和后文描述可知,本段介 绍巨噬细胞、B细胞和T细胞的作用,前三句介绍的是巨噬细胞。E选项The body identifies them as dangers and excites antibodies to attack them.(身体将它们视为危险,并激发抗体来攻 击它们。)中的them指的是上文提到的antigens抗原,符合题意。故选E。19. 根据文章结构可知,上文讲的是免疫系统如何工作,下文讲疫苗工作原理,故A选项 为此处的最佳衔接。“They help develop immunity by imitating an infection.(它们通过模
30、仿感 染来帮助培养免疫力。)”中的“They”指的是Vaccines疫苗。故选A。20. 根据空前“Sometimes, after getting a vaccine (疫苗),the imitation infection can cause minor 答案第4页,共11页symptoms.(有时,接种疫苗后,模仿感染会引起轻微的症状。)“可知,空处进一步阐述疫 苗可能引发的轻微症状,结合选项可知,选项F. Such minor symptoms are normal and should be expected as the body builds immunity.(这种轻微的症状是
31、正常的,应该在身体建立免疫力的时 候出现。)承接前一句,符合题意。minor symptoms.对应Such minor symptoms。故选F。21. 根据空后“Therefbre, it is possible that a person infected with the disease just before or just after vaccination could develop symptoms and get a disease, because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection.(因此,由
32、于疫苗没有足够的时间提供保护,在接种疫苗之 前或之后感染疾病的人可能会出现症状并患病。)“可知,空处与后文形成因果关系,结合选 项可知,选项 G. However, it typically takes a few weeks for the body to produce those defensive cells after vaccination.(然而,接种疫苗后,身体通常需要几周的时间才能产生这些防御细胞。) 符合题意。故选G。22. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34
33、. B 35. C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了学生Bingley为了减少碳足迹,进行科学研究,在学 校的资助下联系太阳能板公司安装太阳能给学校科学实验室提供能量的故事。21 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了减少碳足迹,Bingley计划生产足够的太阳能来给学校 的科学实验室提供能量。A. explore探索;B. invest投资;C.produce生产;D.switch转变。 由下文“to power the schools science labs”(给学校的科学实验室提供能量)可知,要“生产” 足够的太阳能来实现该目标,第四段的“They are expected to produc
34、e enough energy.(它们预 计生产足够的能量来使学校的所有的实验室运行。)”也是提示,故选C。22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:计划在11月下旬安装30块太阳能电池板。A.defined定义;B. identified 辨认出;C. output 输出;D. scheduled 安排。由上文的“Now his plan is set to happen. (现在他的计划就要实现了“可知,安装30个太阳能板是按照计划进行安排的,故选D。23 .考查介词词义辨析。句意:当他开始关于太阳能的研究时,他发现了一个有用的手机应 用软件。A. beyond 超过;B. on 关于;C. wit
35、h 和;D. through 通过。由上文的“Bingley planned to produce enough solar energy to power the schooPs science labs. (Bingley 计戈U生产足够的太 阳能来给学校的科学实验室提供能量。)”可知,他要进行关于太阳能的研究,故选B。24 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:通过输入一个地址,他能发现这个地方一天能照到多少太阳。 答案第5页,共11页A. location 位置,地点;B. destination 目的地;C. transmission 传递,发送;D. occasion 场合。 由上文的“ent
36、ering an address (输入一个地址)和下文的“his school building was the best position (他的校舍是最好的位置)”可知,他在比较每个“位置”能得到多少太阳照射,故选 Ao25 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:在他科学老师Debbie Wheeler的建议下,他第一次计算了科 学实验室的能量来看一下一个平常的实验室每天能用多少太阳能。A.income收入;B.allowance 津贴;C. budget 预算;D. calculation 计算。由下文“to see how much energy a typical lab uses per d
37、ay(来看一下一个平常的实验室每天能用多少太阳能)可知,为了看实验室要 用多少能量,他是需要计算的,故选D。26 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后,他开始他的研究,他联系当地一个太阳能板公司来做 这项工作。A. employing雇佣;B.contacting联系;C.protecting保护;D.urging催促。由下 文的“a local company of solar panels to do the job”(当地一个太阳能板公司来做这项工作)可 知,他与一家太阳能板公司“联系”后由公司来完成能量的测算工作,与下文的“He lacked money for starting the p
38、roject, so he.(他缺乏启动这个项目的资金,因此他)”衔接通顺,看得出计划在正常推进,故选B。27 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:他缺乏启动这个项目的资金,因此他解释了太阳能对于学校 和社区有好处以此来说服Sayre的上司来支持他。A. convinced说服,使相信;B. demanded 要求;C. refreshed 使恢复精力;D. submitted 上交。由上文的“He lacked money for starting the project (他缺乏启动这个项目的资金)”可知,他需要说服Sayre学校的上司来支持他,故选 Ao28 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:他缺乏启动这
39、个项目的资金,因此他解释了太阳能对于学校 和社区有好处以此来说服Sayre的上司来支持他。A. causes原因;B.plots情节;C. benefits 好处;D. origins起源。由上文的“heJZ_Says head to support him (他说服Sayre学校的上司 来支持他)”可知,他想要得到支持就需要向上司解释清楚太阳能对学校和社区的好处,故 选C。29 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意:自从Sayre提供给他的第一笔种子基金来提供基础设施和 购买一个太阳能板,这个项目已经扩大,总共包括30个太阳能板。A. initial最初的;第一 的;B. flexible 灵活的;C
40、. optional 选择的;D. sustainable 持续的。由下文的seed money”(种 子基金)可知,这是他得到的第一笔资金支持,故选A。30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:自从Sayre提供给他第一笔种子基金来提供基础设施和购买 一个太阳能板,这个项目已经扩大,总共包括30个太阳能板。A. awarded授予;B. grown 成长,逐渐成为;C. rewarded酬谢;奖赏;D. sponsored赞助。由上下文的“the purchase of one panel (购买一个太阳能板)”和include a total of 30 panels (总共包括30个太阳能板)可知
41、, 该项目已经逐渐实现最初的计划,grow为“成长,逐渐变得,逐渐成为。表示该项目从最 初购进一个太阳能板成长壮大,逐步成为拥有30个太阳能板的目标,故选B。31 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:它们预计生产足够的能量来使学校的所有的实验室运行。A. decorate装饰;B.furnish提供,供应;C.run运行;D. equip装备,配备。由上文第二段 的“To reduce the carbon footprint, Bingley planned to produce enough solar energy to power the schooPs science labs. ” (Bin
42、gley计划生产足够的太阳能来给学校的科学实验室提供能量。) 可知,太阳能板生产足够的能量,是要使学校实验室能够运行下去,故选C。32 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:Bingley表达了对Wheeler的感谢,他说,我从AP环境课 上想出的主意有这种影响,这就像一个梦。A. influence影响;B. criterion标准;C. experience 经验;经历;D. management 管理。由上文的“produce enough energy to run all the science labs on campus”(生产足够的能量来运行学校的实验室)可知,Bingley上课时产生的主
43、意产生 了现实的影响,故选A。33 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:Wheeler说成功是由于Bingley在进行这项项目时,从始至 终都是努力的且乐于坚持做这个项目。A. caution小心,谨慎;B.encouragement鼓励;C. inspiration 灵感,鼓舞;D. willingness 乐意。由下文“to follow through on the project from start to finish (自始至终都坚持做这个项目)”可知,Bingley是“乐意”坚持才获得成功的,故选D。34 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我已经让其他学生在校园谈论环境倡议,但是Bingley用
44、 坚持和勇气来使这件事发生。A. cultural文化的;B. environmental环境的;C. practical实际 的,实用的;D. theoretical 理论的。由第一段的he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community”(他会致力于研究环境以此来对社区 产生广泛影响)”可知,说明老师在此之前发出的倡议是有关环境的,故选B。35 .考查副词词义辨析。句意:Bingley说他最终想要在大学学习环境工程。A. casually随 便地;B. d
45、eliberately 故意地;C. eventually 最后;D. gradually 逐渐。由下文的like to study environmental engineering at university”(他想要在大学学习环境工程)和第一段的“Bingley, a Sayre School student from America (Bingley,来自美国 Sayre 学校的学生)”可知,宾利最终 想要到大学去学习环境工程,故选C。36 . have covered 37. the 38. and 39. to keep40. hoping 41. why42. their 43.
46、 supplies44. to 45. possibility【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了十五只大象正在接近中国城市昆明。在过去的几 个月里,它们沿着公路和农场旅行。它们的旅程吸引了中国公众的注意。36 .考查时态和语态。句意:在缅甸和老挝边境附近的一个自然保护区,这些动物的栖息地 距离它们总共有500公里。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响,应用现在完成时,主语 为 animals, 助动词用 have。故填 have coveredo37 .考查冠词。句意:它们现在离这座660万人口的城市很近。这里特指昆明这座城市应用 定冠词the。故填the。38 .考查连词。句意:在过去的几
47、个月里,它们沿着公路和农场旅行。此处along highways 与through farms是并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。39 .考查非谓语动词。句意:专家们正在尽他们所能让大象远离昆明市。结合句意表示“尽 一切可能做某事”可知短语为do all one can to do sth.。故填to keepo40 .考查非谓语动词。句意:他们在沿途设置了屏障,希望能让它们回到自然保护区。分析 句子结构可知hope在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语they之间是主动关系,用现在 分词作状语。故填hoping。41 .考查宾语从句。句意:没有人知道为什么这些动物离开了它们原来的栖息地那么
48、远。此 处为宾语从句,从句中缺少原因状语,用why引导。故填why。42 .考查代词。句意:没有人知道为什么这些动物离开了它们原来的栖息地那么远。修饰名 词habitat应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。43 .考查名词的数。句意:其中一个原因可能是它们储备的可食用植物数量减少了,尤其是 它们最喜欢的食物的供应。supply为可数名词,前面没有冠词修饰,表示数量大于一应用其 复数形式。故填supplies。44 .考查介词。句意:另一个原因可能是该地区野生大象数量的增加,从20世纪80年代的 193头增加到现在的300头左右。结合句意表示“从到”可知短语为fromto。故 填tO
49、o45 .考查名词。句意:另一种可能性是,大象的首领可能把它们引入歧途。空处作主语,表 示可能性”应用名词possibilityo故填possibilityo46 . Dear Ryan,How is everything going? Im writing to express my congratulations to you for winning the first prize in the Chinese speech contest of the 72nd anniversary of National Day.Your performance is perfect, especially your excellent spoken Chinese, which gives al