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1、课时提能练（二十三）必修 4Unit 12Culture Shock （A）【.阅读理解A（2021 合肥市第二次教学质量检测）People often talk about cultural differences between western and eastern countries, but how about the western world itself? Surprisingly, a closer look at it can reveal a good many curious details.The most obvious characteristic of the
2、majority of Americans is that they smile a lot.It does not matter whether they have a strong reason to smile； they do it, sometimes simply because they have to. A smile is not just a powerful marketing tool but also a way to show that someone is friendly, and that life in general is fine. Europeans,
3、 on the contrary, prefer to keep a more neutral （不带感情色彩的）facial expression. They smile mostly when they are in a good mood, or feel amused； if not, a European，s face will remain neutral, or even dull. In Russia, for example, there is a proverb saying that laughing for no reason is a sign of a fool.
4、It does not mean that Europeans are serious, or that they do not have a sense of humor.The same refers to communication in general. Americans are extremely communicative； small talks and chats are common. Europeans talk mostly when there is something to say, and rarely enter communication just for t
5、he purpose of talking to other people. American people prefer to express what they think carefully, considering how it might affect surrounding people. Europeans are more straightforward, even with unfamiliar people. A European friend will almost always voice his opinion on different occasions, and
6、will not hesitate to remind you that you need to lose some weight or take a shower.It can be said that Americans are people of contrasts. They are open-minded, flexible, and ready to accept everything new enthusiastically； but at the same time, American society manages to bring up unbelievable conse
7、rvatives. Americans are extremely politically correct, which, in most cases, is indeed a secure and beneficial practice, but i_t can also mess up daily or even private communication, sometimes preventing having close relationships. Europeans, on the contrary, are more straightforward, preferring to
8、tell the truth in direct ways. Each way of communication is different neither is correct or incorrect.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了西方国家间的文化差异，包括微笑和交流等方面。1. What does the author say about smiling?reality. After a few decades of frustration without the desired results, we eventually come to terms with our life as it
9、comes out, even if it falls far short of our idealized youthful expectations.Hope bends, it seems.【语篇解读】作者一直想成为最优秀的人，但是现实跟不上作者的期望；作者后来明白天赋和努力同样重要，人们最终会接受期望与现实的差距。4. What does the underlined word “delusional“ in Para. 2 most probably mean?A. Imaginary.B. Realistic.C. Disappointing.D. Material.A 词义猜测题
10、。根据画线词所在句中的“did not quite line up with和上一段的 内容（作者对自己的期望）可知，此处表示现实与作者对自己的期望并不完全一致。A项意为 “梦想的，与画线词词义相近，应选A项。5. In the passage, the writer thinks of himself as.A. a world-famous geniusB. a mid-sized fish in a small pondC. a world-class virtuosoD. a student in an Ivy League schoolB 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“I w
11、ould never amount to anything better than a mid-sized fish in a small pond可知，作者把自己视为池塘中的一条中 等大小的鱼。应选B项。6. According to the writer, what makes “greatness” ?A. Extraordinary efforts.B. Ten thousand hours of practice.C. Talent and expertise.D. Talent and practice.D 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句和最后一句可知，作者认为“伟大来自大量的练 习
12、和天赋，应选I）项。7. Which of the following might be the best title?A. Hope BendsB. Frustrating DecadesC. Practice WorksD. Youthful ExpectationsA 标题判断题。根据尾段“Hope bends, it seems并结合文章其他内容可知，本文 主要讲述了期望与现实的差距一一随着我们步入中年，我们最终会接受自我理想化的期望与现实的差距，故A项最适合作文章标题。bend意为“弯曲。H.阅读七选五（2021 “四省八校第二次教学质量检测）Useful tips for budg
13、et-conscious travellers1_. Still, here are four useful tips for the budget-conscious traveller.Don，t Travel During the Peak Season2 In Manhattan, New York, its during the winter holidays. In Cebu, Philippines, its the summer months. Travelling during these peak times certainly means higher prices an
14、d large crowds. A great way to avoid all of these is to simply go when it，s not high season._3一Within most regions there are local airlines that provide inexpensive solutions to getting around. This is especially handy when you have multiple destinations in mind for your trip.All you have to do is l
15、ook up Mango flight bookings and youre on your way. Once you，re in a region, getting around gets much simpler and a whole lot cheaper.Choose Economical Accommodations4 . If youre an app expert, you can also check out room rental apps like Airbnb.They have an extensive network of apartments and units
16、 in wonderful neighborhoods for those who prefer a more local feel.Dont Spend All Your Money on Food5 .A. Use Flight BookingsB. Use Regional AirlinesC. Every region has a peak seasonD. It also allows us to relax our busy headsE. Instead, try and find hostel （招待所）optionsF. But travelling can seem too
17、 expensiveG. So feel free to try the local snacks【语篇解读】木文主要介绍了四条对于精打细算的游客有用的建议，包括避开旅游顶峰期，使用当地的航空公司，选择实惠的住宿以及不要将所有的钱花费在食物上。1. F 根据空后句 “Still, here are four useful tips for the budget-conscious traveller ,并结合下文介绍的四个节省旅游费用的建议可知，F项“但是旅行似乎太昂贵 了承上启下。2. C 根据该段标题Dont Travel During the Peak Season可知，该段主要介绍了
18、“不 在旅游旺季旅游的建议，结合空处下文中的“In Manhattan, New York, its during the winter holidays. In Cebu, Philippines, it，s the summer months”可知，空处应是表述 每个地方都有旅游旺季，故C项与此处匹配。3. B 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处是该段的小标题；根据该段第一句Within most regions there are local airlines that provide inexpensive solutions to getting around可知，在大多数地区都有提供廉价
19、的出行解决方法的当地航空公司。并结合该段其 他内容可知，该段主要介绍的是使用地方航空公司，故B项正确。4. E 根据该段小标题Choose Economical Accommodations,并结合空前一句可知， 连锁酒店和昂贵的选择虽然很好，但是价格昂贵；又结合空后的内容可推知，空处应是提供 其他的住宿选择，故E项与此处匹配。5. G 根据该段小标题Dont Spend All Your Money on Food可知，该段主要介绍“不 要将所有的钱浪费在食物上这一建议；结合空前一句可知，每一顿饭都在昂贵的饭店吃会 很快花光你的钱，故空处应是给出其他的吃饭选择，故G项与文意相符。in .语法
20、填空(2021 贵阳市四校联考)0ne of the world，s most prestigious (声誉高的)1.(honor) in the field of literature has been won by the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk for “a narrative imagination that, with encyclopedic passion, represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life” . And Tokarczuk also 2. (win) last ye
21、ar，s Man Booker International Prize.The prize, which 3. (award) almost every year since 1901, nets the winning author much money, a medal and certificate, and the obligation to deliver a lecture in Sweden at some future date.The king of Sweden will 4. (official) present the award at a lavish banquet
22、 in Stockholm on December 10, 5. anniversary of the death of the industrialist and scientist Alfred Nobel. He funded (资助)the 6. (establish) of the awards in 1895.The winner was selected, as usual, by the Swedish Academy, 7.also picked a second laureate (获奖者)this year 8.(make) up for the fact that no
23、 prize was presented in 2021 partly because of the resignation of academy member Katarina Frostenson over claims that she had leaked the names of past winners. The 9.(two) Nobel Prize in Literature was given to the Austrian author Peter Ilandke 10. (pick)out for an influential work that, with lingui
24、stic ingenuity, has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience”.【语篇解读】 文章介绍了获得2021和2021年诺贝尔文学奖的作家及其获奖原因，并 介绍了有关诺贝尔文学奖的其他方面的情况。1. honors 考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“One。伊 可知，此处的honor要用复数 形式。2. won 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的 “last years Man Booker International Prize可知，这里表示的是去年的获奖情况，故要用一般过去时。3. is awarded
25、考查动词的时态与语态。根据语境和主句中的谓语动词“nets”可知, 此处表达的为客观情况，应用一般现在时；止匕外，奖励是被授予获奖者的。故此处应填is awardedo 4. officially 考查词形转换。修饰动词present要用副词,故填officially。5. the 考查冠词。此处的“anniversary（周年纪念日）特指Alfred Nobel去世的周 年忌日，故要用定冠词the。6. establishment 考查词形转换。此处表示他在1895年资助了奖项的建立，空处作 funded 的宾语，应用名词 establishment。7. which 考查定语从句。空处引导
26、非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为“the Swedish Academy, 故填 which。8. to make 考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，表示选出第二个获奖者的目的。故用 动词不定式。9. second 考查数词。根据上文的 “picked a second laureate（获奖者）this year 和空前的“The以及语境可知，此处表示第二个诺贝尔文学奖。故填second。10. picked 考查非谓语动词。此处作定语修饰Peter Handke,且pick与其逻辑主语 Peter Handke为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式picked。IV .短文改错（2021
27、西安五校联考）Ive been playing volleyball before three years ago. It started when teacher set up a volleyball club in our school, hope that more students would take part in the sport and keep fit. The club was such popular that many students signed up for it.To be honesty, at that time I just followed them
28、 without thinking too much. We practiced together on every Saturday morning. However, some of the students soon begin to get bored and dropped out of the club. So I found I was quite enjoying it and we carried on. After training for some time, I was selected for the school team. How exciting and pro
29、ud I was.答案,beforeteacherI ve been playing volleyball -: three years ago. It started whensinceset up a volleyball club in our school, :- that more students would take parthoping.such.、in the sport and keep fit. The club was popular that many students signed up forsoit. To behonestyhonestat that time
30、 I just followed them without thinking too much. Wepracticed together (ki every Saturday morning. However, some of the students soonbeginbeganSo to get bored and dropped out of the club. 7 IU U Ufound I was quite enjoying it andwe、.-carried on.After training for some time,I was selected for the scho
31、ol team. Howexciting:r and proud I was. excitedV .书面表达（2021 济南模拟）假定你是李华。你校外籍教师Peter方案在暑假期间回国，他想送给母亲可以代表中国文化的礼物。请你给他写一封邮件，向他推荐礼物。内容包括：1 .推荐礼物：旗袍、中国结等；2 .推荐原因；3 .表达祝福。注意：1.词数100左右；4 .可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：旗袍Qipao；中国结Chinese knotDear Peter,Yours,Li Hua参考范文Dear Peter,r m glad to hear that you want to buy
32、some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. And Im writing to give you some advice.Personally I think you should buy the following gifts: Qipao and Chinese knot.Qipao, a very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese woman can show the real beauty of a woman. Im sure your mother will li
33、ke it very much. What，s more, its also a good choice for you to buy the Chinese knot. Its usually hung in the sitting room or cars, which represents good luck.Wish you a good vacation. Please give my best wishes to your family.Yours,Li HuaA. It is culture-related within western countries.B. It is a
34、powerful marketing tool across cultures.C. It is thought of as a sign of a fool in America.D. It is regarded as a social necessity in Europe.A 推理判断题。作者在第二段中讲到了美国人、欧洲人对微笑的不同解读，据此可以 推知，在西方国家笑是与文化有关的，故A项正确。2. What is typical of Europeans， communication?A. Beating around the bush.B. Having small talks a
35、nd chats.C. Hiding their feelings carefully.D. Expressing themselves openly.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Europeans are more straightforward. take a shower,z可知，欧洲人通常坦诚地表达自己，应选D。A项意为“绕圈子，拐弯抹角地讲话3. What does the underlined word it” in the last paragraph refer to?A. Being straightforward.B. Being politically correc
36、t.C. Accepting everything new.D. Raising unbelievable conservatives.B 代词指代题。画线词前的 uAmericans are extremely politically correct, which, in most cases, is indeed a secure and beneficial practice 与后面的 mess up daily or even private communication存在转折关系，又结合语境可推知，it指代的应该是美国 人的这种政治正确性，应选B。4. How is the text
37、 mainly developed?A. By analyzing cause and effect.B. By making comparisons.C. By classifying body language.D. By discussing research findings.B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过分析美国人和欧洲人对微笑的不同解读以及 通常在交际中的不同表现来展开文章，因此可推知，作者是通过做比较展开文章的，应选B。B（2021 江西省五校协作体模拟）At one time or another in your life you have probably done
38、origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers and boats all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper s
39、imply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday
40、umbrella. In fact, origami- inspired creations have already flown in space； in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that were folded like a map.“Its now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything, says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering jo
41、b eight years ago to fold things full-time. Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a well-known car manufacturer on the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard （仪表板）. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to the plan, should be able to unfold t
42、o the size of a football field.At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There，s no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded capacitors （电容器）for faster processing and better memor
43、y.Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. Some day, says MIT，s Erik Demaine, “well build reconfigurable （pTM 构的）robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Doesn，t it feel like science fiction comes true? Maybe一though you c
44、ertainly wouldnt want to bet against it.”【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了折纸工艺的应用，从折叠成各种东西到应用于工程学、太空等领域。5. What do we know about origami?A. It consumes lots of time.B. It involves interesting ideas.C. It requires complex techniques.D. It has to do with cutting and pasting.B 推理判断题。根据第一段，尤其是第二句The chances are that as you
45、 did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is 可推知， 折纸工艺涉及有趣 的想法。【干扰项分析】由第一段中的“simply by folding it可知，C项错误。6. Which of the following is an application of origami?A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a fol
46、ded map.C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.D. A future computer contains many huge folded capacitors.C 细节理解题。根据第三段，尤其是其中的“advised a well-known car manufacturer on the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard （仪表板）可知，平安气囊可以更 好地折叠放进汽车仪表板是折纸工艺的一种应用。7. What is Erik Demaine，s
47、attitude towards origami engineering?A. Hopeful.B. Doubtful.C. Disapproving.D. Ambiguous.A 观点态度题。根据最后一段Erik Demaine所说的话可知，他认为利用折纸工程学， 将来我们可以制造可重构的机器人，由此可推知，他对折纸工程学抱有希望。8. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Culture.C. Education.D. Technology.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了折
48、纸工艺在工程学、太空领域等的应用， 由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的工艺专栏。H.完形填空（2021 太原市第一学期阶段性测评）Yuan Long ping, China，s father of hybrid rice ， celebrated his 88th birthday on Friday by participating in the firstInternational Development Forum of Rice Production. At 8 am Friday, without the1of others, Yuan walked on stage by himself and 2 the forum. And it was3in central China，s Hunan Province, in f