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1、 University Code： 10225 Register Code ： S13233 Thesis for the Degree of Master - - . . An Analysis of the Female Gothic in Twilight Candidate: RenHui Supervisor: Professor Zhao Li Academic Degree Applied for: Master of Arts Speciality: English Linguistics and Literature Date of Oral Examination: Jun
2、e, 2013 University: NortheastF orestryUniversity 暮光之城是美国白人女作家史蒂芬妮 梅尔创作的系列小说。第一部暮色 写于2003 年，此后梅尔以每年一部的速度完成了 暮光之城的四部曲。这部系列小说 讲述了人类女孩贝拉与吸血鬼爱德华之间的爱情故事，通过女性哥特主义来表现女主人 公贝拉勇敢、执着的品质。 21 世纪的哥特文学继续着传统哥特的脉络，传统哥特给人们的印象常常是阴暗晦涩 的，使人排斥，但由于时代变化和作家们的一步步创新，使哥特式情节越来越被人们所 接受。在传统哥特中出现的幻化邪恶的因素在新世纪文学中逐渐地淡化，哥特主人公善 良的一面也更多得
3、到人们的挖掘，并且注入时代因素。 女性哥特主义的特征是在阴森恐怖的背景下，突出女性反抗与挣扎的意识。男主人 公多是恐怖的怪物 或者高高在上的角色。女性在备受压迫的环境中，更加能突显出她们 所受到的压制和她们身上爆发出的反抗的力量 。 在 21 世纪，女性哥特主义的主题仍然以女性的痛苦和挣扎为主要线索，展示给人们 的往往是独立女性的刚强和坚毅。斯蒂芬妮梅尔的暮光之城是女性主义现代一个很 重要的题材。 本论文从女性哥特主义的角度来分析女主人公贝拉身上所表现出来的女性哥特主义 元素，她善良的特质以及不畏艰险追求爱情的精神是现代社会的人们需要思考和学习的 地方。她的可贵精神表现在为了真爱努力跨越身份等
4、级的限制，不畏父权和社会的压力， 坚持 自己的爱情，而且永不言败。 本论文一共分为四部分： 第一部分简要介绍作者和暮光之城这部作品。介绍梅尔创作思想的起源和女主 人公贝拉和爱德华的故事。 第二部分简要介绍了哥特主义到女性哥特主义的发展与变迁。哥特主义从最早惊悚 晦暗的德古拉开始，不断发展。后来融入了女性元素，演变成女性哥特主义。女性 哥特主义最早由美国作家提出，现在这种表现手法也多为美国作家所使用。从传统的哥 特主义发展到现代女作家笔下柔美理想的爱情故事，这中间经历了时代的变迀。 第三部分从女性哥特视角来分析女主人公贝拉身上的女性主义元素 ，贝拉突破了常 人难以逾越的障碍，她能够突破种族的樊篱
5、，抵抗家庭与社会的压力，始终以吸血鬼爱 德华为伴。腼腆内向的贝拉在爱德华受困的情境之下爆发出了女性心底的刚毅，成功营 救爱德华。她对吸血鬼爱德华的不离不弃揭示了现代女性对爱清的深切渴望和其善良的 本性。小说中的非自然因素起到了烘托故事情节的作用，突显了贝拉的女性哥特主义精 神。 第四部分为总结部分。 本部分总结了全文中表现在女主人公贝拉身上的女性哥特主义精神，点出本文女性 哥特主义的创新所做出的贡献。斯蒂芬妮梅尔用唯美的笔墨来表现哥特女性主义，使贝 拉表 现出不屈不挠的精神，既坚毅又不失女性的风采。 关键词：女性哥特 ;暮光之城 ;贝拉 ;吸血鬼汝性 ;爱情 摘要 Abstract 7W/妙广
6、 is a novel written by Stephenie Meyer， who is an American modem female novelist. The book tells a love story between human girl Bella and a vampire Edward. The author describes Bella5s braveness and courage through Female Gothic. In the 21st century, Gothic literature still keeps the traditional st
7、yle. Because of the periodical changes and gradual innovation, the Gothic literature becomes more and more acceptable to people. Fantastic and evil factors of the type in new century transcendthemselves in modem literature, and merit of heroines is gradually characterized based on the development of
8、 peoples idea. Traditional Gothic novels aim at emphasizing scary environment by sombercastles， beast heroes or powerful manJn those plots, womenare always the object of suffer. In the environment of being repressed, women?s rebel and struggle are much more highlighted. This thesis analyzes rebellio
9、us elements reflected in Bella from the perspective of Female Gothic. Her kind nature and brave spirit to pursue love is worthy of consideration and appreciation from the modem female. Her priceless spirit is embodied in overcoming the hierarchical confinement for the sake of love, and daring to cha
10、llenge patriarchical and social pressure, and insisting on her own feeling. This thesis can be divided into four parts: The first part briefly introduces the author and Twilight It mainly traces the source of Meyer 5s creation and the story of Bella and Edward. The second part briefly introduces the
11、 source and changes of Gothic literature, from traditional gothic to Female Gothic. Gothic started from the earliest novel Dacula, being instilled into feminist elements in the course of development, then produced Female Gothic. Female Gothic was proposed by American writers, until now? this way of
12、writing are mostly used by American writers.From traditional Gothic to Female Gothic, gothic experienced a series of development with the change of era. The third part analyzes feminist elements in Bella from the perspective of Female Gothic.Bella overcomes extreme hardship? breaking the limitation
13、of racial difference, resisting the pressure from both family and society to insist her love with Edward. The bashful Bella lightened the strength of adamancy when Edward was in danger, she managed to save Edward.Her never-give-up spirit in insisting the love with vampire Edward reveals the inner de
14、sire of female and their kind nature. The supernatural elements in the fiction are taken to be a setting of the plot to emphasize the Female Gothic spirit of Bella. The forth part is conclusion, pointing out the contribution of Twilight to the development of Female Gothic. The author presents Bellas
15、 persistent spirit in romantic style, equippingher with the beauty of woman. Keywords: Female Gothic; rwf%/z;Bella;vampire;female;love -n- Contents 顧 . I Abstract . II 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Introduction to the Novel . 1 1.2 About the Author . 1 1.3 Literature Review of Twilight . 2 2 Female Gothic.
16、 . 4 2.1 Gothic. 4 2.2 Female Gothic . .5 2.3 American Female Gothic . 6 3 Female Gothic in Twilight. . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1 Female Gothic Reflected in Bella . 8 3.1.1 Rebellion Consciousness . 8 3.1.2 Overcoming Oppression from Patriarchy . 11 3.1.3 Overcoming Identity Difference . 15 3.1.4 Bellas
17、 Female Gothic Archetype in Fairy Tale . 21 3.2 Female Gothic Environment and Supernatural Elements . 22 3.2.1 Female Gothic Environment in Climate . 23 3.2.2 Supernatural Elements Reflected by Dreams . 23 3.2.3 Gothic Vampires . 24 3.3 Contribution to Traditional Female Gothic . 29 3.3.1 Weakening
18、of Environmental Horror . . . 29 3.3.2 Changes in Vampire Figure . 29 3.3.3 Modem Style . 31 4 Conclusion . 32 Notes . 33 Bibliography . 35 Papers Published in the Period of M.A. Education . 37 Acknowledgements . . 38 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the Novel In this paper, the author aims at ana
19、lyzing a series of American novels written by Stephenie Meyer. There is no doubt that the Twilight series reflects Feminist brilliance throughthe portrait of asensitive adolescent girlIsabella Swan, the heroine of this series, who is stubborn and perseverant. Compared with heroines from other works
20、belonging to Feminism, she not only hassimilar literary characteristic with Jane Eyre, but also keeps certain image of the fairy tale archetype Cinderella. The story is about agixl, 17 year old inhigh school, whose self-based comes from the break of her parents5 divorce. The plot develops between he
21、r and Edwarda vampire hiding in human society. The story reflects the helpless girl among strongvampires， and becomes a strong figure in the vampire family.Along with this one? amongthe works of female writers, we can usually find their common ground in response to the male centered society, which l
22、ets dissatisfaction and counterstrike become the common sense of female literature, then the women writers endow their heroinesmuch stronger ability at the end. In another view, the novel continues the style of classic Feminism works in their way of writing, such as the famous Jane Eyre of Charlotte
23、 Bronte, Pride and Prejudice of Jane Austen and The Mystery of Udolpho by Ann Raddiffe， cooperating with Gothic factors to create a great woman out of a weak girl. Each book in the series was inspired by and loosely based on a different literary classic: Twilight on JaneAustens Pride and Prejudice N
24、ew Moon on Shakespeare4 s Borneo and Juliet Eclipse onErmly s Wuthering Heights ond Breaking Dawn on a second Shakespeare pay, A Midsummer Nights Dreamt 1.2 About the Author The author StephenieMeyer is acontemporary American female author who was bom in Connecticut, graduated from BrighamYoungUnive
25、rsityand majored in English Literature. Brigham Yoimg University is a religious university, her writing style contains the sign of a religious disciple to some extent. Her maiden work was Twilight, a series of vampire stories, this series includes five parts, Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse, Breaking Da
26、wn, and an extra one Midnight Sun which is to narrate the first book Twilight from the perspective of Edward, while the originalTwilight was narrated from the perspective of Bella, but we do not go to analyze the last one. Meyer is a representative figure amongsuccessful modem American female writer
27、s in recent years, following the success of J. K. Rowling5s Harry Potter,Meyer became another popular writer of adolescent literature. She was highly prized as one of the 100 most world-wideinfluential figures by Time in May 2008. Initial reviews for the Twilightsenos were positive, with Publishers
28、Weekly calling Meyer as one of the most promising new authors of 2005.， It was recommended by the 他柃 乃所烈 as the editorial selection, and won the ctThe Best Book in the Year?, by the Publisher Weekly and the uTop ten excellent reading for adolescence， as well as the “Top Ten Best Series.” The contrib
29、uting movie critic Kaisun-Z-X commented that Edward in Twilight is the most impressive vampire, and I was deeply touched by him for his affection with Bella.It is surprising that inspiration of the books came from a dream. Before drafting her maiden, series of novel Twilight, Meyer was a complete ho
30、usewife, who had already had three children. It is amazing that she can create such an imaginary story while being a housewifes. 1.3 Literature Review of Twilight Globally the Twilight received many positive remarks, The Times magazine lauded it for capturing perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual
31、tension and alienation.20ther reviews described Twilight as an “exquisite fantasy,55 and a “gripping blend of romance and horrof,. 3Lev Grossman of Tzme magazine wrote that the books have a pillowy quality distinctly reminiscent of Internet fan fiction5,?but still praised the series, comparing it to
32、 Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter: People do not want to just read Meyers books; they want to climb inside them and live there. There no literary term for the quality Twilight and Harry Potter (and The Lord of the Rings) share, but you know it when you see it: their worlds have a freestanding inte
33、rnal integrity that makes you feel as if you should be able to buy real estate there.4 Most of the reviews, however, have focused on Twilighfs popularity, rather than actually praising it for literary standards. ThcSeattle Post-Intelligencer called the book a uHot New Teen Nover?.5 Entertainment Wee
34、kly called Meyer stthe worlds most popular vampire novelist since Anne Rice.,6 The New York Times described Twilight as a literary phenomenon,7 and Matt Arado of Daily Herald noted that the Twilight books have become the hottest publishing phenomenon since a certain bespectacled wizard cast his spel
35、l on the world/5 8The large and diverse online fan community of the series are often noted, sometimes even being called “cult-like.” 10Despite this， the series is often considered to have a wider appeal; Crystal Mack of Daily Herald said, uWhile teenage girls are the main audience, young boys and ad
36、ults of both genders have also been swept up in the phenomenon.5111 The author and the series, popularity are often compared with J. K. Rowling and Harry Potter, Describing the fan following of the books? the Phoenix New wrote, uMeyer?s fandom is reminiscent ofHarry Potter mania.?, 13The Daily Teleg
37、raph described Twilights the spiritual successor to Harry Potter55.i4Rebekah Bradford of The Post and Courier stated that the series has a “huge crossover appeal much like the books before them. 15 According to the Daily Telegraph, 4tStephenie Meyer, in particular, has achieved incredible success ac
38、ross all the English-speaking nations and Europe and many will say that her Twilight series has filled the hole left by Harry Potter7 Meyer has responded to such comparisons, saying, 4tIt9s terribly flattering to be compared to her, but there5s never going to be another J. K. Rowling; thats a phenom
39、enon thats not gonna happen again”， however noting that tsyou can compare my fans to her fans more easily than me to her, I do think that we both have people who are just really really enthusiastic, and will come miles to see you and be involved， and everybody really cares about our characters” In Chinese, literary researchers have not taken Twilight into serious research, it is taken just as an interesting reading instead a project to research. The research