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1、第五讲定语从句（对应学生用书第14页）高考真题体验 （江苏高考卷）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whomC 句意：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨 是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。purposes与“the World Food Programme”存 在“所属”关系，此处指“世界粮食计划署的宗旨之一”，且空格处在句 中作定语，因此选择whose。J1.
2、 （江苏高考卷）Many young people, most were well-educated, headed forremote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of thoseC 句意：许多年轻人，其中大部分受过良好教育，奔赴偏远地区去追逐 他们的梦想。headed是主句的谓语动词，根据逗号可知空格后是非限制性 定语从句。由于先行词many young people指人，故介词后关系代词用 whonio （江苏高考卷）The number of smokers, is reported,
3、has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. it B. which C. what D. asD 句意：据报道，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就减少了 17%o as引导非限制 性定语从句，指代主句中所表达的全部内容，as在从句中作主语。2. （江苏高考卷）The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.A. which B. when C. as D. whereD 句意：这本书在日常交流中对我
4、的帮助很大，尤其是必须留下好印象 的工作中。先行词是work,故用关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中充当状语,相当于in which。（天津高考卷）My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. whoB 句意：我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。从 句意和句子结构的衔接看，本空需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句修饰主 句的主语“My eldest son”，并在从句中作定语，因此这里用whose引导定 语从句。（
5、U匕京高考卷）The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when【导学号：25874009一、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句 中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和 状语成分。关系 词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句 中充当的成分who指人的词主语、宾语whom指人的词宾语whose指人或物的词定语that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which指
6、物的词或整个主句主语、宾语as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词reason原因状语二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前 面，形成“介词+关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题：1 .介词的确定该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词 的搭配来确定。Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(根据 shake hands with. 确定)He built a tele
7、scope through which he could study Ihe skies.(根据先行词的 需要确定，即 through the telescope).关系代词的使用介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不用thato指物时用which,指人时用 whom,作定语时用whoseoThe factory in which he once worked is torn down.The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher.Last month, part of the province was struck by fl
8、oods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.2 . “不定代词或数词+of+关系代词”结构“不定代词或数词+ of+关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中 的一部分。China has a lot of islands, one of which is Tai wan.There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.3 . “名词+ofwhich”结构“名词+ofwhich”常代替“whose+名词”在定语从句中作定语。I saw some tree
9、s, the leaves of which( = whose leaves) were black with disease.He mentioned a book, the title of which( = whose title) Ive forgotten.三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which 或as,但二者的用法也有区别。1. which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。I failed again in the match, which was a
10、great pity.As we had expected, he opposed the plan.2. which通常意为“这；这一点，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等， 意为“正如二He sold his bicycle, which surprised me.As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.= Smoking is harmful to our health, as we know.注意:有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有the same, as, such, so等词修饰。3. which引导的此类定
11、语从句与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主 句为“因，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。Jim is addicted to computer games, which upsets his parents very much.四、先行词表示时间、地点、原因、方式的时候，如果在从句中作主语或 者宾语，用which或者that引导；如果在从句中作状语，分别用when, where, why, in which/that 弓|导。1 .这部电影使我想起了我是中学生的时候。The film reminded me of the time when I was a middle school
12、student.2 .这部电影让我想起了和奶奶一起度过的日子。The film reminded me of the days(that/ which)I spent with my grandma.3 .在国外生活了 20年之后，他回到了生他、养他的故乡。Having lived abroad for 20 years, he returned to the hometown where he was born and brought up.4 .他爸爸曾经在前天我们参观的那个小镇上工作过。His father once worked in the town(that/ which)wc v
13、isited the other day.5 .他比赛失败的原因是他太紧张了。The reason why he failed the match was that he was too nervous.但是如果先行词在句中作主语和宾语，只能用who, whom, which和thato 试比较：6 .你对我解释的原因只是一个借口而己。The reason( that/which )you explained to me was only an excuse. 7.他回答问题的方式让人吃惊。The way( in which/ that)he answered the questions wa
14、s surprising. 8.你有没有想出一个能解决这个问题的方法？Have you thought of a way that/ which can work out the problem?1. （南京、盐城高三一模）Hes a very good actor,a lot of comedians are not, and hes a good director and a good writer as well.A. who B. where C. whom D. whichD 句意：他是一个非常好的演员，很多喜剧演员都不是，而且他也是一 位好导演和好作家。先行词a very good
15、 actor在非限制性定语从句中作are not的表语，表示职业，所以用关系代词which引导。（镇江高三一模）As to Gaokao reform, the spokesman had a sincere conversation with journalists, the press release of has already been made public.A. whom B. which C. when D. whereB 句意：关于高考改革，发言人与记者进行了真诚的交谈，交谈的新闻 稿已经被公开了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，且该定 语从句表示所属关系，先行词为a
16、 sincere conversation,应用“名词+of+ whichw 结构。（南通、泰州高三一模）We are creating a new vision for public health allof society work together to get healthier and live longer.A. which B. whom C. where D. whenC 句意：我们正在为公共健康创建一个美好的愿景，在这样的愿景中， 社会中的每个人为了变得更健康、更长寿而一起努力。句中含有一个定语 从句，先行词是vision,故用where在此引导定语从句并在从句中作地点 状语
17、。（无锡高三模）While the house prices in Wuxi keep rising, a lot of houses have been sold out, most were sold to buyers from Shanghai and Suzhou.A. in whichB. among themD. of themC. of whichC 句意：尽管无锡的房价在继续上涨，但是许多房子已经售完了，其中 大多数房子卖给了来自上海和苏州的购房者。根据句子的结构来判断，此 处是一个非限制性定语从句，指的是“售出的许多房子中的大多数”，故 用of which来引导该从句。（常
18、州高三一模）It is on Spring Festival Eve,every one is celebrating the Chinese new year, Senior 3 students in China can take a rest from their study.A. when； thatB. that； whenC. when； whenD. that； thatA 句意：只有在除夕，每个人都在庆祝春节的时候，高三的学生才可以 放下学习休息一下。第一个空格为定语从句，先行词Spring Festival Eve 在从句中充当时间状语，故选when;第二个空格是对时间状语o
19、n Spring Festival Eve进行强调的结构词，将强调句型中的It is和ihal去掉后，句子 结构句意仍然完整。（苏北四市高三模）Vancouvers appeal consists of comfort and security, making it what Andy Yan calls a “ hedge city”，feature is social and political stability.A. of whichB. of whomC. whichD. whoseD 句意：温哥华的魅力在于舒适和安全，这使它成为Andy Yan 口中的 “对冲城市”，它的特点体现在
20、社会和政治的稳定性上。分析句子结构可 知，这是一个定语从句，修饰先行词hedge city,关系代词whose在从句中 作名词feature的定语。（南京、盐城高三二模）We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless, a world each and every corner is a trueparadise.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. from whereC 句意：我们决心创造一个没有无家可归者，没有绝望者的世界，这个 世界的每个角落都是一个真正的天堂。
21、本句使用了 “介词+关系代词”来 引导定语从句，其中的关系代词which指代先行词world。（扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模）Teachers in primary schools influencethe kids fall under should be role models.A. whose B. who C. where D. whichA 这是一个定语从句，根据题干可知，定语从句中缺少定语，表示“老 师的”影响，所以用 whoseo fall under ones influence ”受的影响”。（苏锡常镇高三二模）Its strongly advised that smoke
22、rs not be allowed to smoke in any room babies currently occupy.A. where B. whose C. that D. asC 句意：（人们）强烈建议吸烟者不得在婴儿现在所在的房间吸烟。本句 中It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。该主语从句中含有一个 定语从句，先行词是room,且引导词在定语从句中作occupy的宾语，所 以用that来引导该定语从句。（南京高三三模）Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a babys body clock, researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whereB 句意：保持有规律的睡眠时间对确定婴儿的生物钟很重要，研究者 指出这在他们大约四个月大的时候就应当就绪了。关系代词which引导非 限制性定语从句，a babys body clock,且在定语从句中充当主语。定 语从句中的researchers note是插入语。【导学号：25874010