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1、类型6|生态环保考查要点方法技巧1 .生态环保的现状，造成的影响。2 .生态环境被破坏的因素，产生的后 果。3 .保护生态环境的措施、步骤。1 .理清文章的行文结构，把握主旨大 :/同、O2 .抓住造成生态环境变迁的原因这一 主线。3 .领会作者所透露出的观点态度。经典案例分析（全国卷IIIC）After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the pa
2、rk.By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from
3、 the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many
4、farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U. S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today, the debate contin
5、ues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country
6、as well.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在争议了几年之后，黄石国家公园终于把灰 狼重新引入公园，以保持园内的生态平衡。【长难句解读 The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.分析本句虽然比较长，但为简单句。句子的主体是The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experi
7、ment,不定式to help作后置定语，疑问词加不 定式whether to作decide的宾语。译文黄石公园灰狼的引进已成为一次有价值的实验，以帮助生物学家决定是 否也在国家的其他地方重新引进灰狼。1. What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to
8、 Yellowstone Park.2. What does the underlined word “displaced in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.考查词义猜测。根据上文可知，灰狼曾经随处可见，再结合后文由于人类的 发展灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失了可推知displaced应表示“被迫离开”， 故选Q项。What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A. Damage to local ecology.B. A d
9、ecline in the parks income.C. Preservation of vegetation.D. An increase in the variety of animals.考查推理判断，解题的关键在于抓住造成生态环境变迁的原因这一主线。由 第三段可知，灰狼的消失产生了很多意想不到的结果，鹿群及丛林狼的数量 快速增长，前者导致植被破坏，后者杀死大量红狐狸并将河狸赶出公园。由 此可知，灰狼的消失导致当地的生态失去平衡，故选区项。What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?B Positi
10、ve.A. Doubtful.C. Disapproving.D. Uncaring.考查推理判断。根据最后一殳最后一句中的a valuable experiment可推知， 作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的，故选旦_项。 题材对点训练A（,湖南省部分重点中学考前演练）There is always no lack of ordinary people taking action for extraordinary change. Aghan Oscar is just among them. Thirteen years ago, Aghan, bothered by
11、the ever- increasing quantity of plastic waste in this low-income suburb of Nairobi, decided to find a way to recycle it.Now his company, Continental Renewable Energy Co. Ltd （COREC）, produces poles for use in construction, farming and road signs.So far hes sold 96, 000, and he says his potential fo
12、r growth is limited only by the considerable1 expense of setting up plastic recycling plants.Most of Aghan*s customers are farmers and developers who once used wooden fence poles. Customers say they have other benefits as well. I have fenced my piece of land three times using wood posts, but most of
13、 the time the fence was vandalized （故意破坏）by villagers who used the posts as firewood, n said Caleb Kapten. Now plastic posts have stopped the problem, he said.The Kenya National Highways Authority is one of CORECs biggest customers. It approached the company after road signs were vandalized by crimi
14、nals4 who sold the metal poles to steel manufacturing companies. Aghan reckons （估计）that CORECs products have saved the government millions of shillings, besides preventing road accidents. And he also points out that COREC has been able to conserve2 large numbers of trees by producing plastic poles.W
15、hen Aghan started this recycling business in , most of his employees were his family members due to financial5 constraints （限制）.Now he employs 250 young people to collect plastic waste. Fifty more youths work on the production line, where the waste is sorted6 according to quality before being crushe
16、d and washed, melted and cast into different shapes. The poles are then arranged by shape and size for sale in the yard of the recycling plant.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。受日益增多的塑料垃圾所扰的Aghan创办 了自己的公司来解决这个问题，他们回收利用废弃塑料来生产塑料杆儿，用于建 筑、农业和交通领域。1. Whats the biggest challenge of Aghans future career?A. The poor technolo
17、gy in recycling.B The high cost of building factories.C. The increasing piles of plastic waste.D. The limited policy support in recycling.B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“his potential for growth is limited only by the considerable expense of setting up plastic recycling plants可次口，Aghan 未来 事业面临的最大挑战是建造塑料回收工厂的费用过高，故
18、选B。How was Caleb Kaptens problem finally solved?A. He gave up fencing his land.B He guarded the land more carefully.C. He replaced the wood posts with plastic ones.D. He got some donated metal posts.C 考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Now plastic posts have stopped the problem”可知Caleb Kapten的问题因使用塑料杆儿来代替木杆儿而得到 解决
19、，故选C。What does the last paragraph suggest?A Great difficulty facing Aghan.B Strict standards of plastic poles.C. Various ways of making plastic poles.D. The complex process of recycling plastic waste.D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“he employs 250 young people to collect plastic waste” “Fifty more youths work
20、 on the production line, where the waste is sorted according to quality before being crushed and washed, melted and cast into different shapes.The poles are then arranged by shape and size for sale in the yard of the recycling plant.” 可知，将废弃塑料回收再利用需 要耗费巨大的人力，其过程复杂繁琐，故选D。Which best shows the structur
21、e of the text?A.Para. 1B.Para.lPara.2 QPara3pQPara2）QPara3y CPara4CPara）（Para）D 考查文章结构。通读全文可知，第一段属于主旨段，引出本文的话题； 第二段讲的是Aghan创办了自己的公司，生产用于建筑、农业和路标的塑料 杆儿；第三段和第四段分别介绍塑料杆儿在农业和交通领域的应用，属于对 第二段内容的扩展；第五段主要介绍这种塑料杆儿的生产过程，与第二段是 并列关系。故选D。B（金考卷原仓ll卷一）Nine out of ten people on the planet breathe polluted air, even
22、 indoors, the World Health Organization （WHO） said. Some 92% of the population live in places where air pollution exceeds （超过）WHO limits.Air pollution can contribute to lung cancer and heart disease. The Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions account for nearly two out of every three such deaths
23、, with poorer countries “getting worse” . Around three million deaths every year are linked to outdoor air pollution. When “indoor” air pollution which includes contaminants like wood smoke and cooking fires - is added, air pollution is linked to one in every nine deaths worldwide, the WHO said. The
24、 air quality model used in the data measures the smallest particles （颗粒），less than 2.5 micrometres across, which can enter the bloodstream and reach the brain.Country- by- country data showed that Turkmenistan is ranked first for the death rate connected to air pollution. Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afg
25、hanistan, and Egypt rounded out the top five. Rich countries are getting much better in improving the quality of the air, “ Dr Carlos Dora from the WHO told the Associated Press. uPoorer countries are getting worse. However, he said, North America is doing better than Europe, mostly because Europe d
26、epends more on diesel fuel （柴油）and farming practices. China, the country with the sixth- highest death rate linked to air pollution, is relatively wealthy, but is bothered by smog in its cities and polluted air from industrial sources.The WHO pointed to sustainable3 transport, waste management, and
27、renewable energies as possible ways to reduce air pollution. It said its latest data represented the most detailed study it has ever released. The analysis combined satellite measurement and more than 3,000 monitoring stations on the ground with air transport models. The report is based on figures,
28、which are the most recent data available.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。全球90%的人呼吸着被污染的空气，而空气污染 会引发多种疾病。贫穷国家的空气污染越来越严重。世界卫生组织指出，要想减 少空气污染就必须改变人们的生活方式和生产方式。2. . How is the text organized?A Conclusions- Consequences- Examples- Solutions.B Facts- Reasons- Examples- Solutions.C Reasons- Effects- Solutions- Trends.D. Trend
29、s- Opinions- Reasons- Solutions.A 考查文章结构。第一段提到了关于空气污染的结论，第二段主要讲的是 空气污染产生的后果，第三段是例子，第四段提出治理空气污染的方法。故 选A。What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Heating tools.B Indoor waste.C. Producing activities.D. Harmful substances.D 考查词义猜测。 根据画线词前的“ indoorair pollution”以及画线词 后的“like wood smoke a
30、nd cooking fires”可知 contaminants 的意思应为“污染 物”。故选D。Which has the lowest death rate caused by air pollution?A North America.B. Turkmenistan.C. Egypt.D. China.A 考查细节理解。 根据第三段中的Turkmenistan is ranked first for the death rate connected to air pollution”可知土库曼斯坦与空气污染有关的死亡率 最鬲；才艮据Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afgh
31、anistan, and Egypt rounded out the top five ” 可知埃及排名前五；根据“ China, the country with the sixth- highest death rate linked to air pollution” 可知中国排名第六；根据“North America is doing better than Europe”可知，North America 的情况比欧洲的好，故 North America的空气污染导致的死亡率最低。Which may the author advocate to reduce air pollution
32、?A. Control the population.B. Invent energies.C. Use air transport models.D. Go green.D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The WHO pointed to sustainable transport, waste management, and renewable energies as possible ways to reduce air pollution可知，要减少空气污染，人们得过绿色生活。故选D。【词汇复现】1. considerableadj.相当多的conservev.保护2. sustainable adj.可持续的罪犯criminal3. 如/.财政的financialu.分类sort