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1、专题整合突破专题一阅读理解分值最高但失分最多的题型全国卷考情导向试卷 类型设题信息细节理解主旨大意推理判断词义猜测全国卷IA篇为应用文，题材为广告宣传类，设3道题21B篇为记叙文，题材为故事轶闻类，设4道题31C篇为说明文，题材为文化教育类，设4道题1i11D篇为说明文，题材为科普知识类，设4道题22全国卷HA篇为应用文，题材为广告宣传类，设3道题3B篇为记叙文，题材为人物传记类，设4道题1111C篇为说明文，题材为新闻报道类，设4道题121D篇为说明文，题材为生态环保类，设4道题121全国卷IIIA篇为应用文，题材为广告宣传类，设3道题3B篇为记叙文，题材为社会生活类，设4道题13C篇为说明
2、文，题材为生态环保类，设4道题121D篇为说明文，题材为科普知识类，设4道题211试题特点I.就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及叙述体、论说体和说明体等多种文体，如上述三 套卷后两篇均为说明文；选材风格保持连续性，既注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化, 又较为综合地反应了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，贴近生活，贴近时代，体现 了 “语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。2 .从能力考杳来看，整体上偏重对文章事实细节的考查，如全国卷I设有8道细节.考杳题。 归纳概括、词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概况等深层次试题仍占有很大比重。3 .阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”，富含语篇结构夏杂的长句，材料中文化含量加大
3、，行文 风格更具英语语言特点。研命题高考揭秘 提炼命题方式 解读出题规律（对应学生用书第2页）特征描述同义转换用不同的表达方式呈现原文内容。采用改变句子结构或替换原文关 键词的方法，表达与原文相同或相近的意义。有据推理用合乎逻辑的推理和判断呈现原文隐含的意义、观点或结论。采用 对原文提供的已知信息，如事实、论点、例证等依据做出合理判断， 有效推导出未知的信息。抽象概括用简明扼要的表达方式呈现原文内容。采用对原文中的具体事实进 行抽象概括的方法，表达与原文内容相同或相近的意义。正话反说 /反话正 说用恰恰相反的表达方式呈现原文内容。采用与原文相反的句式，如 主动代替被动、否定代替肯定，反之亦然。
4、或使用与原文相反的逻 辑关系，如原文强调的是原因，而选项表达的是结果。陷阱特征颠倒是非原文中本来有明确的说明作为依据，但是却设计成与之完全相反 的选项。也就是睁着眼说瞎话。答非所问提取原文中出现的原话或将原话加以改变设置成选项，但原话却 不能回答题干所提出的问题，也就是回答不是所问的内容。断章取义孤立地提取原文中的一句或儿句话的意思，而不顾全篇文章的主 旨或中心思想，以致引起与原文意思不符或歪曲了原文所表达的 意思。无中生有所述内容或是凭空捏造的信息，或是生活常识，或是普遍接受的 真理，但都脱离了原文，在文中找不到支持的依据。偷梁换柱选项用了与原文相似的句子结构和大部分相同的词汇，却在不经 意
5、间对细微处做了些许改动，造成意义出现了差别。因果倒置凡事有因才有果，有果必有因。选项混淆了事物间的因果关系， 或将某一结果产生的原因作为结果，或将结果作为原因。张冠李戴选项所述内容弄错了事实和对象，把此人的事情或观点错加到彼 人身上，或将此事物的特征错加到彼事物上。以偏概全选项内容在原文中有提及，但只是细枝末节，不能代表全文的整 体意思，犯了以局部代替整体，用片面的观点看待整体问题的错真题例释误。过犹不及选项所述内容或对原文内容进行过度推理、概括，或对事情发生 的范围过分扩大或缩小，或对某现象绝对肯定或否定。（全国卷 II B）I first met Paul Newman in 1968,
6、when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in NewYork City.When the studio didn*t want me fbr the film一it wanted somebody as well known as Paul一he stood up fbr me.I dont know how many people would have done that； they would have listened to their agents o
7、r the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft（技 艺）and focused on digging into t
8、he characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors： humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other一but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.Wc shared the belief that if
9、youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back-he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps fbr kids who are seriously ilh and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn*t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us to
10、gether. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn*t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.24. Why was the studio unwilling to giv
11、e the role to the author at first?选项正误A.Paul Newman wanted it.X颠倒是非B.The studio powers didnt like his agent.X无中生有C.He wasnt famous enough.V有据推理25. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?D.The director recommended someone else.X无中生有选项正误A.They were of the same age.X颠倒是非B.They worked in
12、the same theater.X无中生有C.They were both good actors.X答非所问D.They had similar characteristics.J有据推理26.What does the underlined wordthatin Paragraph 3 refer to?选项正误A.Thcir belief.V有据推理B.Their care fbr children.X偷梁换柱C.Their success.X断章取义D.Their support fbr each other.X因果倒置27. What is the authors purpose
13、in writing the text?选项正误A.To show his love of films.X以偏概全B.To remember a friend.V有据推理C.To introduce a new movie.X无中生有D.To share his acting experience.X以偏概全【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员Paul Newman之间的友谊。25. C 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的When the studio didnt want me fbr the film-it wanted somebody as well known a
14、s Paul-he stood up fbr me. “ 可知， 电影公司想要跟保罗一样出名的人，由此可以判断，“我”不够出名，故选C 项。D 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 “ Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other-but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core（核 *）of our rel
15、ationship off the screen.n可知，我”与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都 很幽默、有进取心，并开对方的玩笑，即两人有相似的性格，故选D项。26. A 考查词义猜测。根据第三段第一句We shared the belief that.”以及下面 对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使“我们”两 人更近了，故选A项。B 考查推理判断。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从与保罗的最初相见，到友 谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是 回忆一位朋友，故选B项。（对应学生用书第4页）模式1|细节理解题框事实认定数字确定顺序排列图表鉴别通过阅读，认定
16、文 中出现的who, what , when , where, which, how 等具体事实信息。对文中所涉及的 年代、年龄、数量、 钱款等进行甄别、 规整、计算、换算， 得出试题所要求 的答案。对文中所列举的 事实、事项、事件 等按照时间、空间 或逻辑顺序的关 系进行恰当排序。用图表代替具 体事实，使文中 的某些信息更 直观、更形象地 得以展现。解 题 技 巧1 .略读、跳读，锁定与问题相关的信息范围，定位相关的词语或句子。2 .读选项，理解各选项的意义，比较各选项的意义差别。3 .通过直接信息认定、同义替换，筛选出正确答案。4 .重点关注给出的例证、类比、顺序等重要信息点。典题互动示法
17、典题 1 （全国卷 Il A）In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeares plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for.Please come and join us.National Theatre of China Bcijing|ChincscThis great occasion（
18、盛会）will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to theUK.The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.This production of Shakespeares Richard III will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Datc&Timc： Saturday28April, 2： 30pm&Sunday29April,
19、 1 ： 30pm&6： 30pm Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi|GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导)by the companys Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date&T
20、ime： Friday 18 May, 2： 30pm&Saturday 19 May, 7： 30pm Deafinitely Theatre London|British Sign Language(BSL)By translating the rich and humorous text of Loves Lahouds Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bri
21、dge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date&Time： Tuesday 22 May, 2： 30pm&Wednesday 23 May, 7： 30pm Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv|HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew- language theatre worldwide.Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company
22、 eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of IsraeLThis production of Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK. Date&Time： Monday 28 May, 7： 30pm&Tuesday 29 May, 7： 30pm 1. Which play will be performed
23、 by the National Theatre of China?A. Richard III.B. Loves Labours Lost.C. As You Like It.D. The Merchant of Venice.细节理解题之事实认定。可通过直接信息认定，筛选出正确答案。根据 National Theatre of China Beijing | Chinese 下面的第三句 This production of Shakespeare*s Richard III will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director, Wan
24、g Xiaoying.M可知，将要在中国国家大剧院上演的是Richard HI,故选区项。What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?A. It has two groups of actors.B. It is the leading theatre in London.C. It performs plays in BSL.D. It is good at producing comedies.细节理解题之事实认定。根据 Deafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language（BSL）下面的第一句By t
25、ranslating the rich and humorous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL. ”可决口，在 Deafinitely Theatre中，戏剧是用BSL（英国手语）来演出的，故选Q项。When can you see a play in Hebrew?A. On Saturday 28 April.B. On Sunday 29 April.C. On Tuesday 22 May.D. On Tuesday 29 May.细节理解题之事实认定。根据题干中的in Hebrew可以定位至H
26、abima National Theatre 处，根据最后一部分内容 “Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7: 30 pm &Tucsday 29 May, 7: 30 Pm”可知，在5月29日是可以看戏剧 的，故选D项。典题2（北京高考B节选）SUBSCRIBE NOW| |Annual SubscriptionEurope 55 Rest of World 65| |Annual Subscription| |Annual Subscriptionwith Gift PackIncludes a Mammoth Map, a Passport Puzzle Booklet, and SubscriptionEurope 60 Rest of World 70How much should you pay if you make a 12-month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?A. 55.B. 60.C. 65.D. 70.细节理解题之数字确定。可通过定位相关句子，锁定与问题相关的信息 范围。由题干的几个关键点12-month（对应文中的annual）, with gift pack 以及from China（对应文中的Rest of World）可锁定价格为70英镑，故选Q 项。