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1、2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析6Test6AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehard-workingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbein
2、g,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwheretheyshouldgonext。Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srig
3、idsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessur
4、veyed。Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression。Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscorespersonality,ability,courageorhumanityarecompletelyignored,saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDem
5、ocraticParty'seducationcommittee。Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild。LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,wh
6、owastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarhadweakenedtheJapanesemoralityofrespectforparents。ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.InJapan,sayseducatorYokoMuro,it'sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjoban
7、dyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure。Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,twogenerationhouseholds.UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowd
8、edlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter。1IntheWesterners’eyes,thepostwarJapanwas_。Aunderai
9、mlessdevelopmentBapositiveexampleCarivaltotheWestDonthedecline查看原文2Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?AWomen'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited。BMoreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs。CExcessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics。DThelife-sty
10、lehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues。查看原文3Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?AJapaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladderBJapaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity。CMorestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity。DDroppingoutleadstofrus
11、trationagainsttesttaking。查看原文4ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat_。Atheyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife。BthedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S。CtheJapaneseenduremorethaneverbeforeDtheJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife查看原文Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionwea
12、lth,distinction,controloverone'sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhoha
13、veclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem。Certainlypeopledonotsee
14、mlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethought
15、pushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflif
16、e,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,
17、thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfro
18、mthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife。5Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif_。Aitsreturnswellcompensatef
19、orthesacrificesBitisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpowerCitsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterialDitissharedbytherichandthefamous查看原文6Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis_。AcustomaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwordsBtoolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletoutCdishonesttodenyambiti
20、onafterthefulfillmentofthegoalDimpracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition查看原文7Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause_。AtheythinkofitasimmoralBtheirpursuitsarenotfameorwealthCambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefitsDtheydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible查看原文8Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained_。AsecretlyandvigorouslyBopenlyandenthusiasticallyCeasilyandmomentarilyDverballyandspiritually查看原文第7页 共7页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页