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1、2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析2Test2Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:Won'tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoa
2、nuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?There'snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthat
3、openupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityofthewor
4、ldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveMAwavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomers'demands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetr
5、imental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworld'swealthincreases.Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbroken
6、up.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasingwitnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissanbutitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebein
7、ghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Won'tmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanati
8、ongetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleofdefendingcompetitiononissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase?1Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday?ATotakeinmoreforeignfundsBToinvestmoreabroadCTocombineandbecomebiggerDTotradewithmor
9、ecountries查看原文2Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindMAwaveis_.AthegreatercustomerdemandsBasurplussupplyforthemarketCagrowingproductivityDtheincreaseoftheworld'swealth查看原文3Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat_.AtheincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumersBWorldComservesasagoodexampleofbo
10、thbenefitsandcostsCthecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormousDtheStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition查看原文4Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter'sattitudecanbesaidtobe_.AoptimisticBobjectiveCpessimisticDbiased查看原文WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSociet
11、yofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatinth
12、eworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday'sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwis
13、econfusingnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythestandardtemplatesofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthe
14、secommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey'relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadl
15、ydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn'trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadeclining
16、one.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecompla
17、iningabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.5Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?ANeedsofthereadersallovertheworldBCausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapersCOriginsofthedecliningnewspaperind
18、ustryDAimsofajournalismcredibilityproject查看原文6Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe.AquitetrustworthyBsomewhatcontradictoryCveryilluminatingDrathersuperficial查看原文7Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir_.AworkingattitudeBconventionallifestyleCworldoutlookDed
19、ucationalbackground查看原文8Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits_.AfailuretorealizeitsrealproblemBtendencytohireannoyingreportersClikelinesstodoinaccuratereportingDprejudiceinmattersofraceandgender查看原文第7页 共7页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页