《2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析3.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析3.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析3Test3Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldividethedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatwor
2、kagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccessafterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afrai
3、dtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldp
4、overtythatwe'veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriestha
5、tstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialsinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludin
6、groads,barbors,highways,portsandsoonwerebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatma
7、tter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenerg
8、yandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.1Digitaldivideissomething_.AgettingworsebecauseoftheInternetBtherichcountriesareresponsibleforCtheworldmustguardagainstDconsideredpositivetoday查看原文2GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit_.AofferseconomicpotentialsBcanbringfo
9、reignfundsCcansoonwipeoutworldpovertyDconnectspeopleallovertheworld查看原文3ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_.AprovidingfinancialsupportoverseasBpreventingforeigncapital'scontrolCbuildingindustrialinfrastructureDacceptingforeigninvestment查看原文4Itseemsthatnowacountry'
10、seconomydependsmuchon_.Ahowwell-developeditiselectronicallyBwhetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrantsCwhetheritadoptsAmerica'sindustrialpatternDhowmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations查看原文pecializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthe
11、subjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedraw
12、nbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Neverthelss,thewordamateurdoescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequi
13、rementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublic
14、ationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveinc
15、reasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespread
16、introductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasle
17、dtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,wheretheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,
18、itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.5Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas_.AsociologyandchemistryBphysicsandpsychology
19、CsociologyandpsychologyDphysicsandchemistry查看原文6Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_.AthereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandprofessionalisationBamateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscienceCprofessionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunityDamateurshavenationalacademicsocietie
20、sbutnolocalones查看原文7Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate_.AtheprocessofspecializationandprofessionalisationBthehardshipofamateursinscientificstudyCthechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublicationsDthediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs查看原文8Thedirectreasonforspecializationis_.AthedevelopmentincommunicationBthegrowthofprofessionalisationCtheexpansionofscientificknowledgeDthesplittingupofacademicsocieties查看原文第7页 共7页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页