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1、2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析5Test5Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismea
2、nsthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmake
3、salmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone。Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,
4、hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftodayever
5、yonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspringmeansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes。Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast100
6、,000yearseventhepast100yearsourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:theylookatanorganicbeingasaveragelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension。Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywa
7、yoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus。1Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?AAlackofmates。BAfiercecompetition。CAlowersurvivalrate。DAdefectivegene。查看原文2WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?AWe
8、althypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople。BNaturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor。CThemiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes。DIndiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate。查看原文3Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause_。Alifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologica
9、ladvanceBthenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendecliningCourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolutionDthedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing查看原文4Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?ASexRationChangesinHumanEvolutionBWaysofContinuingMan'sEvolutionCTheEvolutionaryFutureofNatur
10、eDHumanEvolutionGoingNowhere查看原文Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdiffi
11、cult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybeevenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberightitcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature。This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughts
12、andemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsoundswemus
13、tmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill。Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhic
14、htheybothfallintotheriverandthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms。This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstpropos
15、ition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?5Thispassageismainly_。AasurveyofnewapproachestoartBareviewofFuturistpoetryCaboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovementDaboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature查看原文6Whenanovelliteraryideaappears
16、,peopleshouldtryto_。AdetermineitspurposesBignoreitsflawsCfollowthenewfashionsDaccepttheprinciples查看原文7Futuristsclaimthatwemust_。AincreasetheproductionofliteratureBusepoetrytorelievemodernstressCdevelopnewmodesofexpressionDavoidusingadjectivesandverbs查看原文8TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis_。AbasedonreasonableprinciplesBnewandacceptabletoordinarypeopleCindicativeofbasicchangeinhumannatureDmoreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature查看原文第6页 共6页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页第 6 页 共 6 页