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1、2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析16Test16Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmerica
2、nsboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves。Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosp
3、hereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotestourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:Scienceneverhasalltheanswers。Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefut
4、ure,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions。Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilw
5、eknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow。Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglob
6、alwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearchaclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis。Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congre
7、ssshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscruc
8、ialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound。1AnargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthatAtherewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath。Bthenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant。Cpeoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife。Dantismokingpeoplewereusuallytalki
9、ngnonsense。查看原文2AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveasAaprotector。Bajudge。Cacritic。Daguide。查看原文3Whatdoestheauthormeanbyparalysisbyanalysis(Lastline,Paragraph4)?AEndlessstudieskillaction。BCarefulinvestigationrevealstruth。CPrudentplanninghindersprogress。DExtensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making。查看原文4A
10、ccordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?AOfferaidtobuildcleanerpowerplants。BRaisepublicawarenessofconservation。CPressforfurtherscientificresearch。DTakesomelegislativemeasures。查看原文5TheauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecauseAtheybothsufferedfromthego
11、vernment’snegligence。Balessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer。Ctheoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer。Dbothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse。查看原文Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoples
12、peak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjustmentalnoisetherandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind
13、’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line。Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthat,theseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.It’syourdream,saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMed
14、icalCenter.Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit。Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleepwhenmostvividdreamsoccurasitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(theemotionalbr
15、ain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday，saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement。ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostp
16、eopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’seventsuntil,itappears,we
17、begintodream。Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepe
18、oplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep。Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingorwewakeupinapanic,Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompe
19、rsistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleeporratherdreamonitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning。6ResearchershavecometobelievethatdreamsAcanbemodifiedintheircourses。Baresusceptibletoemotionalchanges。Creflectourinnermostdesiresand
20、fears。Darearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs。查看原文7Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshowAitsfunctioninourdreams。BthemechanismofREMsleep。Ctherelationofdreamstoemotions。Ditsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex。查看原文8ThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendtoAaggravateinourunconsciousmind。Bdeve
21、lopintohappydreams。Cpersisttillthetimewefallasleep。Dshowupindreamsearlyatnight。查看原文9CartwrightseemstosuggestthatAwakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams。Bvisualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol。Cdreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression。Ddreamsmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious。查看原文10WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?ALeadyourlifeasusual。BSeekprofessionalhelp。CExerciseconsciouscontrol。DAvoidanxietyinthedaytime。查看原文第8页 共8页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页