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1、2022年考研英语精选练习题 9（3）阅读理解单项选择题Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusinesses,wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist,Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.ButevenifyouacceptFiredman’spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasaw
2、asteofshareholders’money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddv
3、aluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasasignalthatacompany’sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany’sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffusehaloeffect,wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsid
4、erationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica’sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany&rsq
5、uo;sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms’politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thatacc
6、ountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordinCSR.Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,such
7、aschildlabourorincreasingcorporagivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbridingforeignofficials,saysoneresearcher.ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffe
8、ctratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.1TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman’sstatementaboutCSRwithA.toleranceB.skepticismC.uncertaintyD.ap
9、proval查看原文2AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanybyA.winningtrustfromconsumers.B.guardingitagainstmalpractices.C.protectingitfrombeingdefamed.D.raisingthequalityofitsproducts.查看原文3Theexpressionmorelenient’(Line2,Para.4)isclosestinmeaningtoA.moreeffectiveB.lesscontroversialC.lesssevereD.morelas
10、ting查看原文4Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany’sCSRrecordA.hasanimpactontheirdecision.B.comesacrossasreliableevidence.C.increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.D.constitutespartoftheinvestigation.查看原文5WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareofte
11、noverlooked.B.Thenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown.C.Companies’financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.D.Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.查看原文Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeoftheunsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions.
12、Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonlysortingmechanisminsocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.Butit'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit.Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:It'sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagew
13、ithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes-findingguilty
14、oneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge-thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire
15、,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwent
16、oninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday'sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.F
17、orageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportio
18、nalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gaveno
19、instructions-norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.6Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,ElisabethwasupsetbyA.theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.B.companies'financiallossduetoimmoralpracticesC.governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.D.thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.查看原文7Itcanbein
20、ferredfromParagraph3thatA.GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.B.morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.C.AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.D.phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.查看原文8TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks'sdefenseA.revealedacunningpersonality.B.centeredo
21、ntrivialissues.C.washardlyconvincing.D.waspartofaconspiracy.查看原文9TheauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshowsA.generallydistortedvalues.B.unfairwealthdistribution.C.amarginalizedlifestyle.D.arigidmoralcode.查看原文10.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A.Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.B.Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.C.Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.D.Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.查看原文第8页 共8页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页