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1、2022年考研英语基础练习题 3（3）阅读理解单项选择题TheclassicAmericanidentitytheftscamworkslikethis:thethiefconvincessomebankorcreditcardcompanyhe’sactuallyyouandborrowsGodknowshowmanydollarsinyourname.Onceyoudiscoverandreportthis,you’renotliableformoneythebanklost,butneitherareyouentitledtocompensationforthet
2、imeandeffortyouspendstraighteningthematterout.BearinmindthatwhenIsaythethiefconvincesthebankhe’syou,I’mnottalkingaboutabrilliantactorandmasterofdisguisewhoimitatesyourvoiceandmannerismswellenoughtofoolyourownmother.No,allthat’snecessarytofoolabankisyourbirthdateandUSsocialsecurityn
3、umber,orjustdiscardedcreditcardoffertakenfromyourbin.Whyarelenderssocarelesswiththeirmoney?Thesnarkyansweris:becausetheyknowtaxpayerswillbailthemout.ButidentitytheftwasaprobleminAmericalongbeforephrasesliketoobigtofailenteredourvocabulary.Ibecameanidentity-theftstatisticnineyearsago,whenIopenedmymai
4、ltofindabillforamaxed-outcreditcardIneverknewIhad.Ispentovertwoweekscleaningthemess:filingpolicereports,callingthecompany,sittingonhold,gettingdisconnectedandcallingbacktositonholdagain.Consideringmysalarybackthen,Ispentoverathousanddollars’worthofmytimeandwasn'tentitledtoapennyindamages.I
5、tallcouldeasilyhavebeenavoided,hadthecompanymadeaminimalefforttoensuretheywereloaningmoneytomeratherthanmydishonestdoppelganger.Sowhydidn'tthey?Becausethatwouldtaketime-atleastadayortwo.Andifpeoplehadtowaitadaybetweenapplyingforandreceivingcredit,on-the-spotloanswouldbeimpossible.Everymajorretai
6、lchaininAmericapushestheseoffers:Applyforastorecreditcardandreceive15%offyourfirstpurchase!Fromthelenders’perspective,writingoffafewbadID-theftdebtsischeaperthanlosingthelucrativeimpulsebuyermarket.Butthatwouldchangeifcompanieshadtopaydamagestoidentitytheftvictims.Shouldtheyhaveto?Thesupremeco
7、urtofthestateofMaineiscurrentlyponderingthatquestion.InMarch2008theHannafordsupermarketchainannouncedthathackersbrokeintotheirdatabaseandstolethecreditcardinformationofover4millioncustomers,someofwhomsuedHannafordfordamages.Noneofthecustomerslostmoney,ofcourse,buttheyfelt-asIdid-thattheirtimeandeffo
8、rtareworthsomethingtoo.It’stooearlytoknowhowthecourtwillrule,butI’llmakeapredictionanyway:nothingwillchangefromtheconsumers’perspective,andprotectinglendersfromtheirownbadhabitswillcontinuetobeourunpaidjob.Whentheworldwideeconomicmeltdownstarted,Inaivelythoughtthesubsequenttighteni
9、ngofcreditlineswouldatleastmakeidentitytheftlessofaproblemthanbefore.ButIwasjustbeingsilly.1Aftersufferingfromidentitytheft,you_.A.shouldpayformoneythebanklostB.arerequiredtoreporttoyourbankimmediatelyC.havetoassumethecostofgettingyouridentitybackD.won’thavetotakeanylosscausedbyit查看原文2What&rsq
10、uo;stherealmeaningoftoobigtofailinpara.2?A.Leadersaresobigthattheycouldn’tfailatall.B.Leaderswon’tpayfortheirloaningcarelessness.C.Leadersarebigenoughtopayforanylargeloans.D.Americaisbigenoughtosolveanyproblems.查看原文3The3rdparagraphmainlytalksabout_.A.狩猎(shu)科扣(k)褴褛(l)随声附和(ha)B.确凿(z&aacut
11、e;o)缀泣(chu)湖泊(b)津津有味(jn)C.违背(wéi)琐屑(xia)阴霾(mái)玲珑剔透(t)D.魁梧(w)荫庇(yìn)贮蓄(zhù)杳无音信(yo)查看原文4Theexampleinthe4thparagraphiscitedtoshowthat_.A.CompanieshavepaidfordamagestoidentitytheftvictimsB.CustomersoftensufferfromidentitytheftinAmericaC.Companiesshouldberesponsibleforidenti
12、tytheftD.CompaniesoftensufferfromidentitytheftinAmerica查看原文5What’stheauthor’sattitudetocurrentsolutionstoidentitytheft?A.DisappointedB.ConfidentC.ComplicatedD.Optimistic查看原文Deathisadifficultsubjectforanyone,butAmericanswanttotalkaboutitlessthanmost.Theyhaveaculturalexpectationthatwhateve
13、rmaybewrongwiththem,itcanbefixedwiththerighttreatment,andifthefirstdoctordoesnotofferittheymayseekasecond,thirdorfourthopinion.Legalactionisaconstantthreat,soevenifapatientisveryillandlikelytodie,doctorsandhospitalswillstillpersistwithaggressivetreatment,paidforbytheinsureror,fortheelderly,byMedicar
14、e.ThatisonereasonwhyAmericaspends18%ofitsGDPonhealthcare,thehighestproportionintheworld.ThatdoesnotmeanthatAmericansaregettingtheworld'sbesthealthcare.Forthepast20yearsdoctorsattheDartmouthInstituteforHealthPolicyandClinicalPracticehavebeencompilingtheDartmouthAtlasofHealthCare,usingMedicaredata
15、tocomparehealth-spendingpatternsindifferentregionsandinstitutions.Theyfindthataveragecostsperpatientduringthelasttwoyearsoflifeinsomeregionscanbealmosttwiceashighasinothers,yetpatientsinthehigh-spendingareasdonotsurviveanylongerorenjoybetterhealthasaresult.IraByockisthedirectorofpalliativemedicineat
16、Dartmouth-HitchcockMedicalCenter.Hisbookisapleaforthoseneartheendoftheirlifetobetreatedmorelikeindividualsandlesslikemedicalcasesonwhichallavailabletechnologymustbeletloose.Withtwodecades'experienceinthefield,hemakesagoodcaseforsometimesleavingwellaloneandhelpingpeopletodiegentlyifthatiswhatthey
17、want.Thatdoesnotincludeassistedsuicide,whichheopposes.Butitdoesincludeprovidingenoughpainrelieftomakepatientscomfortable,co-coordinatingtheirtreatmentamongthedifferentspecialists,keepingtheminformed,havingenoughstaffonhandtoseetotheirneeds,makingarrangementsforthemtobecaredforathomewherepossibleandn
18、otofficiouslykeepingthemalivewhenthereisnohope.Butitisnoteasytodecidewhentostopmakingeveryefforttosavesomeone'slifeandallowthemtodiegently.ThebookquotesthecaseofoneHIV-positiveyoungmanwhowasacutelyillwithmultipleinfections.Hespentoverfourmonthsinhospital,muchofthetimeonaventilator,andhadcountles
19、stests,scansandotherinterventions.Thetotalbillcametoover$1m.Hecameclosetodeathmanytimes,buteventuallypulledthroughandhasnowreturnedtoanormallife.Itisanupliftingstory,butsuchanoutcomeisveryrare.DrByock'swritingstyleisnoteverybody'scupoftea,butheissurelyrighttosuggestbettermanagementofaproblem
20、thatcanonlygetworse.Aslifeexpectancykeepsonrising,sowilltheproportionofoldpeopleinthepopulation.Andwith75mAmericanbaby-boomersnowonthethresholdofretirement,thereisalimittowhatthecountrycanaffordtospendtokeepthemgoingonandon.6AccordingtoParagraph1,thedisproportionallargespendinginhealthcarestemsfromA
21、.Americans'failuretoadmitdeathaspartoftheirlifeB.doctors'inclinationtoovertreatthepatientC.aculturethatisobsessedwithyouthandhealthD.alegalsystemwhichhasabiasinfavorofpatients查看原文7TheauthorcitedthefindingsofDartmouthInstituteforHealthPolicyandClinicalpracticetoillustratethatA.themedicalcareq
22、ualitydifferswidelyfromregiontoregionB.thereislittlethathospitalscandoinsavingpeople'slivesC.alotofmedicalresourcesarewastedD.theAmericanmedicalsystemisnotoriousforitslowcost-effectiveness查看原文8ThecentralideaofIraByock'sbookistoappealtothehospitaltoA.saveeverylifewitheverypossiblemeansB.helpp
23、eopletodieifthatishis/herwillC.makepeoplefeelcomfortableintheirremaininghoursD.considerwhetherthecureisworthwhilebeforeconductingit查看原文9Intheauthor'sopiniontheexampleoftheHIV-positiveyoungmaninParagraph5A.eliminatesthepossibilityofapplyinggentledyingprocessinmedicareB.ismerelyanextremecasethatsh
24、ouldnotbetakenasastandardC.emphasizestheimportanceofaggressivetreatmentevenwithslimhopeD.isusedasanironyofthecurrentstateofAmericanmedicalsystem查看原文10Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericangovernmentwilltheproposalofgentledyingA.disapproveofB.divideatC.hesitateatD.sidewith查看原文第9页 共9页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页