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1、2022年考研英语精选练习题 4阅读理解单项选择题Technologyisatwo-edgedsword.Rarelyisthisasclearasitisintherealmofhealthcare.TechnologyallowsdoctorstotesttheirpatientsforgeneticdefectsandthentoturnaroundandspreadtheresultsthroughouttheworldviatheInternet.Forsomeoneinneedoftreatment，thatsgoodnews.Butforsomeoneinsearchofajob
2、oraninsurancepolicy，thetidingscanbeallbad.LastweekPresidentBillClintonproposedacorollarytothepatientsbillofrightsnowbeforeCongress：arighttomedicalprivacy.Beginningin2002，underrulessettobecomelawinFebruary，patientswouldbeabletostipulatetheconditionsunderwhichtheirpersonalmedicaldatacouldbedivulged.Th
3、eywouldbeabletoexaminetheirrecordsandmakecorrections.Theycouldlearnwhoelsehadseentheinformation.Improperuseofrecordsbyacaregiverorinsurercouldresultinbothcivilandcriminalpenalties.Theplanwas，saidClinton，anunprecedentedsteptowardputtingAmericansbackincontroloftheirownmedicalrecords.Whiletheadministra
4、tionbilledtherulesasanattempttostrikeabalancebetweentheneedsofconsumersandthoseofthehealth-careindustry，neitherdoctorsnorinsurancecompanieswerehappy.Thedoctorssaidtherulescouldactuallyerodeprivacy，pointingtoaprovisionallowingmanaged-careplanstousepersonalinformationwithoutconsentifthepurposewashealt
5、h-careoperations.That，physicianssaid，wasaloopholethroughwhichHMOsandotherinsurerscouldpryintothedoctor-patientrelationship，inthenameofassessingthequalityofcare.Meanwhile，theinsurersprotestedthattheruleswouldmakethemvulnerabletolawsuits.Theywereespeciallydisturbedbyaprovisionholdingthemliableforpriva
6、cybreachesbybusinesspartnerssuchaslawyersandaccountants.Bothgroupsagreedthatprivacyprotectionswoulddriveupthecostofhealthcarebyatleastanadditional$3.8billion，andmaybemuchmore，overthenextfiveyears.Theyalsocomplainedabouttheincreasedleveloffederalscrutinyrequiredbythenewrulesenforcementprovisions.Onea
7、imoftherulesistoreassurepatientsaboutconfidentiality，therebyencouragingthemtobeopenwiththeirdoctors.Todayvariouscancersandsexuallytransmitteddiseasescangountreatedbecausepatientsareafraidofembarrassmentoroflosinginsurancecoverage.Thefearisreal：ClintonaidesnotedthataJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResear
8、chAssociatesfoundthatoneinsixU.S.adultshadatsometimedonesomethingunusualtoconcealmedicalinformation，suchaspayingcashforservices.1.Theauthorbeginshisarticlewithtechnologyisatwo-edgedswordto_.AshowthatdoctorsimproperuseoftechnologycanendupinbadresultsBcallonpeoplesattentiontothepotentialdangertechnolo
9、gycanbringtousCwarnoftheharmpatientsarepronetosufferDshowtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftechnology2.AccordingtotheproposalmadebyPresidentClinton，patientswillbeabletodothefollowingEXCEPT_.AenjoymorerightstotheirmedicalrecordsBbeopenwiththeirdoctorsCdecidehowtousetheirmedicalinformationDsuetheirinsure
10、rsforimproperuseoftheirmedicalrecords3.Doctorstendtothinkthattherules_.Amayruindoctor-patientrelationshipBcandomoreharmthangoodCwillpreventdoctorsfromdoingmedicalresearchDwillendupinmorehealthcarecostandpoorermedicalservice4.TheexampleoftheJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesisusedtoshowth
11、at_.AAmericanpatientsconcealmentoftheirmedicalinformationhasbecomeabigconcernBalargeportionofpatientswouldratherleavetheirdiseasesuntreatedCconcealingmedicalinformationiswidespreadintheU.S.DpayingcashformedicalserviceisacommonpracticeamongAmericanpatients5.Fromthearticlewecanlearnthat_.AAmericangove
12、rnmentwilltightenitscontrolovertheuseofpatientspersonalinformation.BdoctorsandinsurersarebothagainsttherulesforthesamereasonsCpatientsareentitledtohavecompletecontroloftheirmedicalinformationDthenewrulesputinsurersinaverydisadvantageousposition.1Theauthorbeginshisarticlewithtechnologyisatwo-edgedswo
13、rdto_.A.showthatdoctorsimproperuseoftechnologycanendupinbadresultsB.callonpeoplesattentiontothepotentialdangertechnologycanbringtousC.warnoftheharmpatientsarepronetosufferD.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftechnology查看原文2AccordingtotheproposalmadebyPresidentClinton，patientswillbeabletodothefollowi
14、ngEXCEPT_.A.enjoymorerightstotheirmedicalrecordsB.beopenwiththeirdoctorsC.decidehowtousetheirmedicalinformationD.suetheirinsurersforimproperuseoftheirmedicalrecords查看原文3Doctorstendtothinkthattherules_.A.mayruindoctor-patientrelationshipB.candomoreharmthangoodC.willpreventdoctorsfromdoingmedicalresea
15、rchD.willendupinmorehealthcarecostandpoorermedicalservice查看原文4TheexampleoftheJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesisusedtoshowthat_.A.AmericanpatientsconcealmentoftheirmedicalinformationhasbecomeabigconcernB.alargeportionofpatientswouldratherleavetheirdiseasesuntreatedC.concealingmedicalinf
16、ormationiswidespreadintheU.S.D.payingcashformedicalserviceisacommonpracticeamongAmericanpatients查看原文5Fromthearticlewecanlearnthat_.A.Americangovernmentwilltightenitscontrolovertheuseofpatientspersonalinformation.B.doctorsandinsurersarebothagainsttherulesforthesamereasonsC.patientsareentitledtohaveco
17、mpletecontroloftheirmedicalinformationD.thenewrulesputinsurersinaverydisadvantageousposition查看原文Theexistenceofbothracialandsexualdiscriminationinemploymentiswelldocumented，andpolicymakersandresponsibleemployersareparticularlysensitivetotheplightoftheblackfemaleemployeeonthetheorythatsheisdoublythevi
18、ctimofdiscrimination.Thatthereexistdifferencesinincomebetweenwhitesandblacksisclear，butitisnotsoclearthatthesedifferencesaresolelytheresultofracialdiscriminationinemployment.Thetwogroupsdifferinproductivity，sobasiceconomicsdictatesthattheirincomeswilldiffer.Toobtainatruemeasureoftheeffectofracialdis
19、criminationinemploymentitisnecessarytoadjustthegrossblack/whiteincomeratiofortheseproductivityfactors.Whitewomeninurbanareashaveahighereducationallevelthanblackwomenandcanbeexpectedtoreceivelargerincomes.Moreover，StatedistributionofresidenceisimportantbecauseblacksareoverrepresentedintheSouth，wherew
20、ageratesaretypicallylowerthanelsewhereandwhereracialdifferentialsinincomearegreater.Also，blacksareover-representedinlargecities，andincomesofblackswouldbegreaterifblacksweredistributedamongcitiesofdifferentsizesinthesamemanneraswhites.Afterstandardizationfortheproductivityfactors，theincomeofblackurba
21、nwomenisestimatedtobebetween108and125percentoftheincomeofwhitewomen.Thisindicatesthatproductivityfactorsmorethanaccountfortheactualwhite/blackincomedifferentialforwomen.Despitetheirgreatereducation，whitewomen’sactualaverageincomeisonly2to5percenthigherthanthatofblackwomenintheNorth.Unlikethesi
22、tuationofmen，theevidenceindicatesthatthemoneyincomeofblackurbanwomenwasasgreatas，orgreaterthan，thatofwhitesofsimilarproductivityintheNorth，andprobablyintheUnitedStatesasawhole.Atleasttwopossiblehypothesesmayexplainwhytheadjustmentforproductivitymorethanaccountsfortheobservedincomedifferentialforwome
23、n.First，theremaybemorediscriminationagainstblackmenthanagainstblackwomen.Thedifferentoccupationalstructuresformenandwomengivesomeindicationwhythiscouldbethecase.Second，thedataareconsistentwiththehypothesisthattheintensityofdiscriminationagainstwomendifferslittlebetweenwhitesandblacks.Therefore，racia
24、ldiscriminationaddslittletoeffectsofexistingsexdiscrimination.Thesefindingssuggestthatablackwomandoesnotnecessarilysufferrelativelymorediscriminationinthelabormarketthandoesawhitewoman.Rather，forwomen，theeffectsofsexualdiscriminationaresopervasivethattheeffectsofracialdiscriminationarenegligible.6Th
25、eprimarypurposeofthepassageisto_.A.explainthereasonsfortheexistenceofincomedifferentialsbetweenmenandwomenB.showthatracialdiscriminationagainstblackwomeninemploymentislessimportantthansexualdiscriminationC.explorethewaysinwhichproductivityfactorsinfluencetheearningpowerofblackworkersD.sketchahistory
26、ofracialandsexualdiscriminationagainstblackandfemaleworkersinthelabormarket查看原文7Thedifferencebetweenincomelevelsforblackandwhitewomenis_.A.lessthanthatforblackandwhitemenB.greaterthanthatforblackandwhitemenC.greatersinceblackwomenaresubjecttomorediscriminationD.smallersincewomencanonlydolow-payingjo
27、bs查看原文8Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelogicalrelationshipbetweenthetwohypothesespresentedinthefourthparagraph?A.Theymaybothbetruesinceeachphenomenoncouldcontributetotheobserveddifferential.B.Theyarecontradictory，andifoneisprovedtobecorrect，theotherisprovedincorrect.C.Theyareindependentofeachothe
28、r，anditishardtoestablishanyrelationshipbetweenthem.D.Thetwohypothesesarelogicallyconnectedsothatitisimpossibletoproveeitheronetobetruewithoutalsoprovingtheothertobetrue.查看原文9Ifthesecondhypothesismentionedbytheauthoriscorrect，agenerallesseningofdiscriminationagainstwomenshouldleadtoa_.A.higherwhite/b
29、lackincomeratioforwomenB.lowerwhite/blackincomeratioforwomenC.lowerfemale/maleincomeratioD.increaseintheproductivityofwomen查看原文10Theauthor’sattitudetowardracialandsexualdiscriminationinemploymentisoneof_.A.apologyB.concernC.indifferenceD.indignation查看原文第11页 共11页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页