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1、2022年考研英语精选练习题 3（3）阅读理解单项选择题TheclassicAmericanidentitytheftscamworkslikethis:thethiefconvincessomebankorcreditcardcompanyhe’sactuallyyouandborrowsGodknowshowmanydollarsinyourname.Onceyoudiscoverandreportthis,you’renotliableformoneythebanklost,butneitherareyouentitledtocompensationforthet
2、imeandeffortyouspendstraighteningthematterout.BearinmindthatwhenIsaythethiefconvincesthebankhe’syou,I’mnottalkingaboutabrilliantactorandmasterofdisguisewhoimitatesyourvoiceandmannerismswellenoughtofoolyourownmother.No,allthat’snecessarytofoolabankisyourbirthdateandUSsocialsecurityn
3、umber,orjustdiscardedcreditcardoffertakenfromyourbin.Whyarelenderssocarelesswiththeirmoney?Thesnarkyansweris:becausetheyknowtaxpayerswillbailthemout.ButidentitytheftwasaprobleminAmericalongbeforephrasesliketoobigtofailenteredourvocabulary.Ibecameanidentity-theftstatisticnineyearsago,whenIopenedmymai
4、ltofindabillforamaxed-outcreditcardIneverknewIhad.Ispentovertwoweekscleaningthemess:filingpolicereports,callingthecompany,sittingonhold,gettingdisconnectedandcallingbacktositonholdagain.Consideringmysalarybackthen,Ispentoverathousanddollars’worthofmytimeandwasn'tentitledtoapennyindamages.I
5、tallcouldeasilyhavebeenavoided,hadthecompanymadeaminimalefforttoensuretheywereloaningmoneytomeratherthanmydishonestdoppelganger.Sowhydidn'tthey?Becausethatwouldtaketime-atleastadayortwo.Andifpeoplehadtowaitadaybetweenapplyingforandreceivingcredit,on-the-spotloanswouldbeimpossible.Everymajorretai
6、lchaininAmericapushestheseoffers:Applyforastorecreditcardandreceive15%offyourfirstpurchase!Fromthelenders’perspective,writingoffafewbadID-theftdebtsischeaperthanlosingthelucrativeimpulsebuyermarket.Butthatwouldchangeifcompanieshadtopaydamagestoidentitytheftvictims.Shouldtheyhaveto?Thesupremeco
7、urtofthestateofMaineiscurrentlyponderingthatquestion.InMarch2008theHannafordsupermarketchainannouncedthathackersbrokeintotheirdatabaseandstolethecreditcardinformationofover4millioncustomers,someofwhomsuedHannafordfordamages.Noneofthecustomerslostmoney,ofcourse,buttheyfelt-asIdid-thattheirtimeandeffo
8、rtareworthsomethingtoo.It’stooearlytoknowhowthecourtwillrule,butI’llmakeapredictionanyway:nothingwillchangefromtheconsumers’perspective,andprotectinglendersfromtheirownbadhabitswillcontinuetobeourunpaidjob.Whentheworldwideeconomicmeltdownstarted,Inaivelythoughtthesubsequenttighteni
9、ngofcreditlineswouldatleastmakeidentitytheftlessofaproblemthanbefore.ButIwasjustbeingsilly.1Aftersufferingfromidentitytheft,you_.A.shouldpayformoneythebanklostB.arerequiredtoreporttoyourbankimmediatelyC.havetoassumethecostofgettingyouridentitybackD.won’thavetotakeanylosscausedbyit查看原文2What&rsq
10、uo;stherealmeaningoftoobigtofailinpara.2?A.Leadersaresobigthattheycouldn’tfailatall.B.Leaderswon’tpayfortheirloaningcarelessness.C.Leadersarebigenoughtopayforanylargeloans.D.Americaisbigenoughtosolveanyproblems.查看原文3The3rdparagraphmainlytalksabout_.A.Whycompaniestakeeffortstoavoididentit
11、ytheftB.Thereasonofcompanies’effortlessnesstohelpavoididentitytheftC.ThereasonoftakingtimetosolvetheproblemofidentitytheftD.Thecauseofcompaniesofferingon-the-spotloans查看原文4Theexampleinthe4thparagraphiscitedtoshowthat_.A.CompanieshavepaidfordamagestoidentitytheftvictimsB.Customersoftensufferfro
12、midentitytheftinAmericaC.CompaniesshouldberesponsibleforidentitytheftD.CompaniesoftensufferfromidentitytheftinAmerica查看原文5What’stheauthor’sattitudetocurrentsolutionstoidentitytheft?A.DisappointedB.ConfidentC.ComplicatedD.Optimistic查看原文Deathisadifficultsubjectforanyone,butAmericanswanttot
13、alkaboutitlessthanmost.Theyhaveaculturalexpectationthatwhatevermaybewrongwiththem,itcanbefixedwiththerighttreatment,andifthefirstdoctordoesnotofferittheymayseekasecond,thirdorfourthopinion.Legalactionisaconstantthreat,soevenifapatientisveryillandlikelytodie,doctorsandhospitalswillstillpersistwithagg
14、ressivetreatment,paidforbytheinsureror,fortheelderly,byMedicare.ThatisonereasonwhyAmericaspends18%ofitsGDPonhealthcare,thehighestproportionintheworld.ThatdoesnotmeanthatAmericansaregettingtheworld'sbesthealthcare.Forthepast20yearsdoctorsattheDartmouthInstituteforHealthPolicyandClinicalPracticeha
15、vebeencompilingtheDartmouthAtlasofHealthCare,usingMedicaredatatocomparehealth-spendingpatternsindifferentregionsandinstitutions.Theyfindthataveragecostsperpatientduringthelasttwoyearsoflifeinsomeregionscanbealmosttwiceashighasinothers,yetpatientsinthehigh-spendingareasdonotsurviveanylongerorenjoybet
16、terhealthasaresult.IraByockisthedirectorofpalliativemedicineatDartmouth-HitchcockMedicalCenter.Hisbookisapleaforthoseneartheendoftheirlifetobetreatedmorelikeindividualsandlesslikemedicalcasesonwhichallavailabletechnologymustbeletloose.Withtwodecades'experienceinthefield,hemakesagoodcaseforsometi
17、mesleavingwellaloneandhelpingpeopletodiegentlyifthatiswhattheywant.Thatdoesnotincludeassistedsuicide,whichheopposes.Butitdoesincludeprovidingenoughpainrelieftomakepatientscomfortable,co-coordinatingtheirtreatmentamongthedifferentspecialists,keepingtheminformed,havingenoughstaffonhandtoseetotheirneed
18、s,makingarrangementsforthemtobecaredforathomewherepossibleandnotofficiouslykeepingthemalivewhenthereisnohope.Butitisnoteasytodecidewhentostopmakingeveryefforttosavesomeone'slifeandallowthemtodiegently.ThebookquotesthecaseofoneHIV-positiveyoungmanwhowasacutelyillwithmultipleinfections.Hespentover
19、fourmonthsinhospital,muchofthetimeonaventilator,andhadcountlesstests,scansandotherinterventions.Thetotalbillcametoover$1m.Hecameclosetodeathmanytimes,buteventuallypulledthroughandhasnowreturnedtoanormallife.Itisanupliftingstory,butsuchanoutcomeisveryrare.DrByock'swritingstyleisnoteverybody's
20、cupoftea,butheissurelyrighttosuggestbettermanagementofaproblemthatcanonlygetworse.Aslifeexpectancykeepsonrising,sowilltheproportionofoldpeopleinthepopulation.Andwith75mAmericanbaby-boomersnowonthethresholdofretirement,thereisalimittowhatthecountrycanaffordtospendtokeepthemgoingonandon.6AccordingtoPa
21、ragraph1,thedisproportionallargespendinginhealthcarestemsfromA.Americans'failuretoadmitdeathaspartoftheirlifeB.doctors'inclinationtoovertreatthepatientC.aculturethatisobsessedwithyouthandhealthD.alegalsystemwhichhasabiasinfavorofpatients查看原文7TheauthorcitedthefindingsofDartmouthInstituteforHe
22、althPolicyandClinicalpracticetoillustratethatA.themedicalcarequalitydifferswidelyfromregiontoregionB.thereislittlethathospitalscandoinsavingpeople'slivesC.alotofmedicalresourcesarewastedD.theAmericanmedicalsystemisnotoriousforitslowcost-effectiveness查看原文8ThecentralideaofIraByock'sbookistoapp
23、ealtothehospitaltoA.saveeverylifewitheverypossiblemeansB.helppeopletodieifthatishis/herwillC.makepeoplefeelcomfortableintheirremaininghoursD.considerwhetherthecureisworthwhilebeforeconductingit查看原文9Intheauthor'sopiniontheexampleoftheHIV-positiveyoungmaninParagraph5A.eliminatesthepossibilityofapp
24、lyinggentledyingprocessinmedicareB.ismerelyanextremecasethatshouldnotbetakenasastandardC.emphasizestheimportanceofaggressivetreatmentevenwithslimhopeD.isusedasanironyofthecurrentstateofAmericanmedicalsystem查看原文10Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericangovernmentwilltheproposalofgentledyingA.disapproveofB.divideatC.hesitateatD.sidewith查看原文第9页 共9页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页