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1、教师资格证考试英语学科知识与教学能力(高级中学)英语语言技能教学（二）材料题（江南博哥）根据以下材料，回答88-92题Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an off
2、icial report on youth violence, In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. Given that this is the case, why arent studentstaught to manage conflict the way they are taught to so
3、lve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fig
4、ht could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isnt in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is un
5、avoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoke
6、n at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other
7、 person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speakers position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other p
8、erson. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as the
9、se: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of?. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesnt, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesnt mean there needs to
10、 be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, 64% of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75% of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92% of the students felt better
11、about themselves . Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.88 单选题 This article is mainly about 查看材料A.the lives of school chi
12、ldrenB.the cause of arguments in schoolsC.how to analyze youth violenceD.how to deal with school conflicts正确答案：D 参考解析：主旨题。第一段引出校园冲突；第二、三、四、五段具体讲述了避免校园冲突升级为暴力的方法；最后呼吁学校教授相关课程：A项“学生的生活”，B项“校园争论的原因”，c项“如何分析青少年暴力”，D项“如何处理校园冲突”：A、B、C三项均与本文主旨不符，故本题选D。89 单选题 From Paragraph 2 we can learn that 查看材料A.violenc
13、e is more likely to occur at lunchtimeB.a small conflict can lead to violenceC.students tend to lose their temper easilyD.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight正确答案：B 参考解析：细节题。根据第二段中的“A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent i
14、ncidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult”及本段所举例子可知，小的冲突可能导致暴力事件。A项“暴力更可能发生在午餐时间”，B项“小的冲突可能导致暴力事件”，C项“学生更容易发脾气”，D项“学生的饮食习惯通常是打架的原因”。故本题选B。90 单选题 Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5? 查看材料A.To find out who is to blame.B.To get ready to try ne
15、w things.C.To make clear what the real issue is.D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.正确答案：C 参考解析：细节题。第五段主要讲述当学生发生冲突时，要仔细思考一些问题以解决矛盾。根据第五段中的“This doesnt mean trying to figure out whatS wrong with the other personIt means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to
16、 accomplish”可知，让学生思考这些问题“How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of，是为了弄清楚问题所在。故本题选C。91 单选题 After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that 查看材料A.there was a decrease in classroom violenceB.there was less student cooperation in the classroomC.more te
17、achers felt better about themselves in schoolsD.the teacher-student relationship greatly improved正确答案：A 参考解析：细节题。根据最后一段中的“64of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom；75of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation；and 92of the students felt better about themselve
18、s”可知，学生在教室发生肢体冲突的概率下降了，学生之间的合作增加了，故A项正确，B项错误。原文是讲学生的自我感觉良好，而非老师，故排除C。文章没有涉及D。故本题选A。92 单选题 The writers purpose for writing this article is to 查看材料A.complain about problems in school educationB.teach students different strategies for school lifeC.advocate teaching conflict management in schoolsD.infor
19、m teachers of the latest studies on school violence正确答案：C 参考解析：细节题。文章主要讲述避免校园冲突升级为暴力的方法，并在最后一段呼吁学校应该教学生们如何处理冲突，所以作者的目的应该是呼吁学校开展相关课程。A项“抱怨学校教育存在的问题”，B项“教学生不同的学校生活策略”，c项“提倡学校教授冲突管理(课程)”，D项“告知教师有关学校暴力的最新研究”。故本题选C。材料题根据以下材料，回答93-97题Shay asked, Do you think theyll let me play? Shays father knew that most
20、 of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.Shays father approached one of the boys on the field and asked i
21、f Shay could play, not expecting much. The boy looked around and said, Were losing by six runs and the game is in the eighth inning. I guess he can be on our team and well try to put him in to bat in the final inning.Shay struggled over to the teams bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile a
22、nd his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart. The boys saw the fathers joy at his son being accepted.In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shays team scored a few runs but was still behind by three.In the top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the fielD Even though
23、 no hits came his way, he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field. In the bottom of the final inning, Shays team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game?Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Ever
24、yone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch came and Shay missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.The pitcher could have easily thrown t
25、he ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game. Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates. The audience and the players from both teams started screaming, Shay, run to first!
26、 Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base, wide-eyed and shocked.Everyone shouted, Run to second! Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second.By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the hero for his
27、 team for the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he understood the pitchers intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third basemans head.All were screaming, Shay, Shay, Shay, all the way Shay. Shay reached third base when one opposing pl
28、ayer ran to help him and shouted, Shay, run to third. As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet, crying, Shay, run home! Shay ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team.That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and huma
29、nity into this world.Shay didnt make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!93 单选题 Not expecting much, Shays father still asked the boy if Shay coul
30、d play, mainly because the father_ 查看材料A.noticed some of the boys on the field were hesitatingB.guessed his presence would affect the boys decisionC.learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay wellD.understood Shay did need a feeling of being accepted正确答案：D 参考解析：推断题。根据第一段中的“but the father also u
31、nderstood that if his son，mentally and physically disabled，were allowed to play,it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence”可知，父亲理解Shay的心情，虽然身患残疾，但是Shay仍然希望得到别人的认可和接受，这种归属感会让他自信和乐观。A、C两项文章没有提到；根据第二段中的“ShaySfathernot expectingmuch”可知B项错误。故本题选D。94 单选题 In the bottom of the fi
32、nal inning Shay was given the bat because the boys 查看材料A.believed they were sure to win the gameB.would like to help Shay enjoy the gameC.found Shay was so eager to be a winnerD.fell forced to give Shay another chance正确答案：B 参考解析：推断题。根据文章整体内容，特别是最后一段中的“That day,the boys from both teams helped bring a
33、 piece true love and humanity into this world”可知，这些打棒球的男孩的内心都充满爱，他们希望给Shay带来温暖，让他享受体育带来的快乐，所以在最后一局时，他们让Shay当击球手。故本题选B。根据第四段中的“still behind by threeWould they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game”可知Shay所在的队伍处于劣势，故A项错误。c、D两项文章没有提及。95 单选题 The smallest boy threw the ball high and far
34、over the third basemans head, probably because that boy 查看材料A.was obviously aware of the pitchers purposeB.looked forward to winning the game for his teamC.failed to throw the ball to the second basemanD.saw that Shay already reached second base正确答案：A 参考解析：细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段中的“but he understood the
35、 pitchers intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third basemans head”。故本题选A。96 单选题 Which of the following has nothing to do with Shays becoming the hero for his team? 查看材料A.The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.B.The audience and the players from b
36、oth teams cheered for him.C.The opposing players failed to stop his running to home.D.One of the opposing players ran to help him.正确答案：C 参考解析：细节题。根据倒数第四段中的“the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first basemanbeyond the reach of all teammatesThe audience and the players from both teams
37、 started screaming可知，投手没有把球扔给第一个垒手，观众和队员都在为shay加油，故排除A、B。根据倒数第二段中的“when one opposing player ran to help him”可知，对方有一个队员跑上去帮助他，故排除D。故本题选C。97 单选题 What do you think is the theme of the story? 查看材料A.True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.B.Everyone has his own strength even if
38、 mentally or physically disabled.C.Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents.D.The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.正确答案：A 参考解析：主旨题。文章主要讲述了一个关于爱与人性的故事，即身患残疾的shay在一群棒球男孩的帮助下，最终参与了比赛，享受到了体育带来的快乐，它反映了在我们对待彼此的方式上，真实的人性可以体现出来，因此A项符合题意。B项“即使精神上或
39、者身体上患有残疾，每个人也都有自己的长处”、C项“每个人都可以在体育中发展他的团队精神，取悦他的父母”以及D项“比赛的结果不应该是运动员唯一关心的问题”都不能概括全文的主旨。故本题选A。98 单选题 In speaking class, the teacher uses phrases such as Wow My goodness Pardon to communicate with students. Which principle does this teacher focus on?A.Positive response.B.Hesitation filler.C.Body langu
40、age.D.Conventional conversation.正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查口语教学。题干：在口语课上，老师用“WowMy goodness”“Pardon”等短语来跟学生交流。这位老师注重哪项原则?A项“积极回应”，B项“补白词”，C项“肢体语言”，D项“常规对话”。题目中教师跟学生交流时所用的语言是在表示自己有注意倾听，是一种积极的回应。故本题选A。99 单选题 What kind of difficulty will students have in comprehending the following reading material?For the Arab t
41、he location of the person in relation to the body is quite different. The person exists somewhere down inside the body. The ego is not completely hidden, however, because it can be reached very easily with an insult. It is protected from touch but not from words.A.Background knowledge.B.Language.C.T
42、ype of writing.D.Grammar points.正确答案：A 参考解析：本题考查读前准备活动。影响英语阅读的因素主要来自阅读材料、阅读任务的难度和其他因素。很多时候，阅读的障碍不是来自词汇和语法，而是来自贫乏的背景知识。背景知识的缺乏可能造成学生对这段话理解困难。因此，在阅读前有必要进行背景介绍，从而帮助学生顺利地进行阅读。故本题选A。100 单选题 If students have finished their writing, what instruction may the teacher give then?A.Gather relevant information a
43、nd ideas.B.Make an outline.C.Brainstorming.D.Share the writing.正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查写作教学：A项“收集相关信息及观点”、B项“写提纲”和c项“头脑风暴”通常在写作开始前进行，D项“分享文章”通常在写作完成后进行。故本题选D。材料题根据以下材料，回答101-105题Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and its true. I would
44、 be a different person if my mom hadnt turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly dont know how she did it. Managing th
45、e family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, wed hear something like, I dont care what so-and-so got for his birthday, and you are not getting a TV in your room, a car for your birthday or a sweet party. We
46、had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table. My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house. Like the two little girls growing up at the White House, we made our own beds (no one left the h
47、ouse until that was done) and picked up after ourselves. We had to keep track of our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not replaced.It was summer and, one day, my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed-and there it was in the window, white, shiny, plastic and decorated with
48、 flowers, the basket winked at me and I knew-I knew-I had to have it.Its beautiful, my mother said when I pointed it out to her, What a neat basket!I tried to hold off at first and I played it cool for a short while. But then I guessed I couldnt stand it any longer. Morn, please can I please, please get it? Ill do extra chores as long as you say. Ill do anything, but I need that basket. ! love that basket. Please, Morn. Please?I was desperate.You