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1、Unit 7 International Charities 第2课时 reading八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）知识精讲1. interview【考点解析】(1) interview名词，意为“采访”，短语have an interview with sb.(2) interview及物动词，interview sb. 采访某人【拓展】interviewer采访者，interviewee 被采访者；面试者典型例题 Are you ready? The_ (interview) are already outside. 2. tell sb. (about) sth. 告诉某人（关
2、于）某事【考点聚焦】(1)表示讲述。tell a story/joke讲故事笑话(2)表示吩咐、命令。Tell him to wait for me in the office. 让他在办公室等我。She told them not to smoke in the room. 她叫他们不要在屋子里吸烟。(3)表示告诉。tell sb. (about) sth.告诉某人某事。The headteacher will tell us about the result of the sports meeting. 校长将会告诉我们运动会的结果。典型例题I like my close friend,
3、Tom, very much. When I am unhappy, he always_ a joke to make me happy.A. says B. tells C. speaks D. talks3. blindness【考点解析】blindness是名词，意为“失明”，形容词为blind，-ness为其名词后缀，类似用法的词有：deafness，illness，happiness，kindness，sadness等。典型例题 1. The terrible car accident caused her_（失明）2. She was very kind，so no one la
4、ughed at her because of her_ (ugly). 4. mostly与most【考点解析】(1) mostly的用法：mostly只能作副词，意为“主要地；多半地；大部分地”。The audience consisted mostly of women观众主要是妇女。Our weather is mostly warm.我们这里的天气多半是暖和的。(2) most的用法：most作形容词，意为“最多的；多数的；大部分的”。Most fish have fins大多数鱼有鳍。most还可以作代词，意为“许多；许多人（或物）”。Most of my friends live
5、 in London.我的大多数朋友住在伦敦。典型例题( ) The pop star has lots of fans, _ are young people.A. many B. mostly C. most D. much5. prevent 【考点解析】(1)意为“防止；预防”，prevent sth.预防某事。These rules are intended to prevent accidents. 这些规则旨在防止事故发生。(2)意为“阻止；阻挡”，prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。The rain prevented us from play
6、ing football. 这场雨使我们不能踢足球了。prevent sb. from doing sth=stop/keep sb. from doing sth.典型例题 My father often prevents me from_ (watch) TV.6. Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospitals, so we have to go to them.【考点聚焦】afford意思是 “买得起; （有时间）做” 通常与can, could, be able to连用，多用于否定句和疑问句。【例句】cant afford(t
7、o do)sth.典型例题_ we _ a new car? 我们买得起新车吗? We _this summer. 今年夏天我们抽不出时间去度假。7. on board 在飞机（船、火车）上【考点聚焦】注意board 与broad的拼写。board意为“木板，板子”，broad意为“宽阔的”，如：Eagles have broad wings. 老鹰有宽阔的翅膀。【例句】Have the passengers gone on board yet? 乘客们登机了吗？【拓展】abroad 副词，意为“在国外”，go abroad 去国外典型例题翻译句子：当地的医生被请上飞机了解眼部手术。8. me
8、dical【考点聚焦】medical 形容词，意为“医学的”如：medical treatment【例句】Many people dont have money for medical treatment.【拓展】medicine名词，“药；医学”modern medicine 现代医学 take some medicine吃药典型例题1. His grandma should get_（医疗的）help in time.2. Since we are in need of_（药物）now, we should ask for peoples help.9. The plane is also
9、 used as a training centre.飞机也被用作培训中心。【考点解析】be used as意为“被用作为”。【例句】English is used as a foreign language in China.在中国，英语被作为一门外语使用。典型例题The plane is used_ a training center_ the local doctors and nurses. A. as; to train B. to; train C. for; trains D. as; training【考点解析】a training centre意为“一个培训中心”，在这个短语
10、中training作定语。现在分词作定语的短语有：a shopping list购物单 reading week阅读周 driving lessons驾驶课10. By training them, we hope to help more people.【考点解析】句中的by是介词，意思是“通过某种方法、手段”，后接名词或者动词-ing形式。【例句】You can learn more about the news by reading todays newspaper.看看今天的报纸，你就能对这条信息有更多的了解。典型例题 -How do you keep in touch with hi
11、m? -_ writing letters. AWith BBy COn DIn11. During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. 在我上一次拜访期间，150位病人动了手术。【考点解析】do/perform operations /an operation (on sb.) =operate on sb. 给做手术 have an operation接受手术，开刀典型例题(1) Dr. Wang has_（做手术）on three people with arm problems since 6 a.m.(2) The patien
12、t is badly hurt. He needs_ at once. A. to operate on B. to be operated C. operating D. an operation12. Im proud to help people see again and improve their lives.【考点解析】proud adj. 自豪的, 骄傲的be proud of sb /sth. 对.感到自豪 be proud to do sth. be proud that +句子 【例句】They were proud of their success. 他们为自己的成功而骄
13、傲。【拓展】pride名词，“骄傲”，短语：the pride of Im the pride of my parents. 我的父母以我为豪。典型例题我希望将来我是学校的骄傲。（两种）13. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured【考点解析】develop动词，意为“发展；加强”，其名词形式为development。【例句】Modern music was first developed in Italy. 现代音乐最初是在意大利
14、发展起来的。 短语：with the development of the society 随着社会的发展【辨析】developing与developed(1) developing意为“正在发展中的”。India is a developing country.印度是一个发展中国家。(2) developed意为“发达的”。The USA is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。典型例题朝鲜是发展中国家而加拿大是发达国家。North Korea is a_ country while Canada is a_ country._medicine, more and
15、more people with serious diseases can be cured.【考点解析】treat vt. 治疗；处理【例句】Doctors treated her with an operation. 医生对她进行手术治疗。【辨析】treat（治疗）, cure（治愈）1） treat治疗过程，后面接人、 疾病或病痛处 treat sth. & treat sb. for sth. treat -（名）treatment ; medical treatment2） cure“治好，治愈”，cure sb. &cure sb. of sth. 表示“治好某人某种疾病或不良习惯
16、。典型例题现代医学正快速发展，大部分眼部问题都能被治疗和治愈。14. But more money is needed to carry on with our work但需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。【考点解析】carry on with意为“继续进行，继续下去”，相当于carry on doing sth.【辨析】carry on to do sth.与carry on doing sth.carry on to do sth.表示继续做另一件事；carry on doing sth.表示继续做刚才没做完的事。I will carry on to do my English exercis
17、es after I finish my maths exercises.完成数学作业之后，我将继续做英语作业。I am too hungry to do the work. Can I carry on doing it after the meal?我太累了，不能做这项工作。我能在饭后继续做吗？典型例题我们需要更多的人和钱来继续完成这项工作。We need_ people and money_ _ _ _ the work.能力拓展一、 完成句子1I could not _ _ _ _ for a bicycle.我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。【答案】afford so much mone
18、y【详解】根据中英文对照，缺少“出得起那么多钱”。afford“负担得起”；money“钱”，不可数名词，要用so much“那么多”修饰。情态动词could后要用动词原形。故填afford；so；much；money。2她说她打算培养一项爱好。She says shes going to _ a hobby.【答案】develop【详解】“培养”develop，be going to后接动词原形。故填develop。3他自尊心太强，不愿向他的家人寻求帮助。He is _ _ _ _ his family for help.【答案】too proud to ask【详解】根据中英文对比可知，挖
19、空处应填“自尊心太强而不愿寻求（帮助）”的英文表达；“太而不”翻译为“too+adj.+to do sth.”，所以第一空应填too，第三空应填to；表示自尊心强可用形容词“proud（骄傲的）”，所以第二空应填proud；“寻求帮助”翻译为“ask sb. for help”，所以第四空应填原形的动词ask。故填too；proud；to；ask。4我买不起那昂贵的玩具。I _ _ that expensive toy.【答案】cant afford【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处填“买不起”，afford是动词，意为“负担得起”，cant表示“不能”。故填cant; afford。5这个男
20、孩的成功向我们展示了应该从小培养孩子的独立性。The success of the boy shows us that we should _ childrens _ from a young age.【答案】develop independence结合中英文提示可知，此处缺的是“培养”和“独立性”，develop“发展，养成”，是动词，空格前有情态动词should，后接动词原形；independence“独立性”，是一个名词，此处指的是“孩子的独立性”，应用单数形式，故填develop，independence。分层提分题组A 能力提升练二、完型填空阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中
21、选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。Three years ago, my teacher asked me to join her program to help _6_ children. Each week I spent an hour in the classroom helping children _7_ their schoolwork. My mother is a(n) _8_, so I knew how to help children. However, I didnt know the children with special needs could _9_ my
22、life greatly. In the beginning, I thought it might be _10_ to be with children who were so different, but later, I found something special about these students.One day, I read a story to some children. The story told us the disabled could do great things, too. _11_ that, I helped them make model cha
23、racters of the story. I could tell they felt happy and confident（自信的）from their smiling faces. Then I knew why the teacher _12_ the program. I didnt need to be afraid of them at all.Today, I still work with those children. I often encourage（鼓励）them, and they _13_ give up. They can always finish thei
24、r work by _14_. I hope they could remember this feeling when they meet _15_ in the future.6AblindBdisabledCdeafDdifficult7AforBtoCinDwith8AteacherBdoctorCpilotDengineer9AloseBchangeCsaveDrisk10AinterestingBsurprisingCscaryDeasy11AUntilBUnlessCBeforeDAfter12Aset upBhanded outCcalled upDcheered up13Ae
25、asilyBhardlyCslowlyDquietly14AherselfBhimselfCthemselvesDourselves15AfriendsBfamiliesCjobsDdifficulties【答案】6B7D8A9B10C11D12A13B14C15D【分析】本文主要讲述了作者三年前参加了老师设立的一个帮助残疾儿童的项目，起初作者跟这些孩子相处感到害怕，但慢慢地，作者在这些孩子身上学到了永不放弃的精神。【解析】6句意：三年前，我的老师让我加入她帮助残疾儿童的项目。blind盲的；disabled残疾的；deaf聋的；difficult困难的。根据下文“The story told
26、 us the disabled could do great things, too.”可知，帮助残疾儿童，故选B。7句意：每周我都花一个小时在教室里辅导孩子们的功课。for为了；to到；in在里；with带有。help sb. with sth.“帮助某人做某事”，故选D。8句意：我的母亲是一名教师，所以我知道如何帮助孩子。teacher老师；doctor医生；pilot飞行员；engineer工程师。根据“so I knew how to help children”可知，妈妈的工作对作者帮孩子学习做作业有帮助，由此可知妈妈是一名教师，故选A。9句意：然而，我不知道有特殊需要的孩子可以极
27、大地改变我的生活。lose失去；change改变；save节省；risk冒险。根据“my life greatly”可知，这种经历改变了作者的生活，故选B。10句意：一开始，我觉得和如此与众不同的孩子在一起可能会很可怕，但后来，我发现了这些学生的特别之处。interesting有趣的；surprising惊讶的；scary害怕的；easy容易的。根据“I didnt need to be afraid of them at all”可知，之前跟这些孩子相处比较害怕，故选C。11句意：在那之后，我帮助他们制作故事中的模范人物。Until直到；Unless除非；Before在之前；After在之后
28、。根据“One day, I read a story to some children”可知，从读了这个故事之后，故选D。12句意：然后我知道为什么老师建立了这个项目。set up设立；handed out交出；called up召集；cheered up使振作起来。根据“Then I knew why the teacher the program”可知，作者明白了老师设立这个项目的初衷，故选A。13句意：他们几乎不放弃。easily容易地；hardly几乎不；slowly慢慢地；quietly安静地。根据“They can always finish their work by”可知，这
29、些孩子永不放弃，故选B。14句意：他们总是可以自己完成他们的工作。herself她自己；himself他自己；themselves他们自己；ourselves我们自己。根据“they”可知，此空应填反身代词themselves， 故选C。15句意：我希望他们在将来遇到困难的时候能记住这种感觉。friends朋友；families家庭；jobs工作；difficulties困难。根据“I hope they could remember this feeling when they meet in the future”可知，是当他们遇到困难时，不要忘记永不放弃的这种精神，故选D。三、阅读单选A
30、Four teenagers took part in voluntary activities for the old and they posted some articles to talk about them.Helping Seniors (老年人)Posted 5/ 16/ 20 4:53 PMI created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends. The group has about 200 volunteers. The volunteers deliver (递送) food or other supplies (物资) for
31、the elderly in town. I spend six to eight hours a week buying food and making deliveries. By now we have completed 350 deliveries. Posted 5/17/ 20 6:25 PMI organized Mittler Senior Technology, a program to help the elderly to learn how to use computers and smartphones. Now there are 50 local seniors
32、 in the weekly technology classes. I want to make sure that the seniors could stay connected to the world.Posted 5 /17 /20 5:20 PMI came up with a way to help lonely seniors with my friends. We call it the Joy 4 All Project. By dialing 569-4255, the elderly can hear pre-recorded jokes and poems. The
33、 hotline has received more than 1, 800 phone calls.Posted 5/ 17 /20 7:46 PMI heard that the seniors in the nursing home (疗养院) couldnt see their families and friends very often, so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by visiting them. Sometimes we sing for them so that they wont feel lon
34、ely. We want them to know that nobody is being forgotten. By now more than 100 students in my school have joined us. We now have our own name called We Are Together.16 Who created Teens Helping Seniors?_AKathy.BLinda.CJordan.DMatt.17Which of the following voluntary work for seniors was NOT mentioned
35、?_ATeaching them how to play computer games.BRecording jokes and poems for them.CVisiting them to cheer them up.DDelivering food or other supplies for them.18Susie is good at communicating with people. She is also a good singer. Which voluntary group should she join?_ATeens Helping SeniorsBMittler S
36、enior TechnologyCJoy 4 All ProjectDWe Are Together【答案】16D17A18D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要是说四个青少年参加了为老人服务的志愿活动，并发表了一些文章来谈论。【解析】16细节理解题。根据“I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends.”可知，定位到方框中第一个人物Matt，是Matt和他的朋友创建的。故选D。17细节理解题。根据“I organized Mittler Senior Technology, a program to help the elderly to learn
37、 how to use computers and smartphones.”可知，Linda组织的项目是帮助老年人学习如何使用电脑和智能手机的，并不是教他们玩电脑游戏的。故选A。18细节理解题。根据“Sometimes we sing for them so that they wont feel lonely.”可知，有时我们为他们唱歌，这个活动是“We Are Together”，题干中“She is also a good singer.”刚好与之对应。故选D。BNearly 14,000 children in PA state have lost their homes. Perh
38、aps your family is able to provide housing and emotional support for a child or a group who have no homes of their own, who need love and care.Up to now, more than 8,000 families have joined us.With your support, we can make a big difference in the life of a child and have a great effect on their fu
39、ture. Call 492-9345 to learn about training, expense and other requirements that are needed to care for a homeless child in your family. Attend a General Meeting at the Mount Joy Office, Thursday, February 4th or 18th 6:00 p.m.-8:00 p.m. Call 492-9338 for either of the General Meetings. Volunteers a
40、re welcome. Call 492-9396 to become a member of F. U. N. 3908 Corey Road, Harrisburg, PA 1710019From what section of a newspaper could you find this passage?AScience section.BSports section.CAdvertisement section.DHealth section.20The underlined expression “emotional support” means caring for childr
41、ens _.AfeelingsBhobbiesChousesDclothes21When will the General Meeting be held?AEvery Thursday in February.BThree times in February.CBetween February 4th and 18th.DOn February 4th and 18th.【答案】19C20A21D【导语】本文主要介绍了F.U.N.组织招募志愿者，呼吁更多的人加入，帮助无家可归的孩子们。【解析】19推理判断题。本文主要介绍了F.U.N.组织招募志愿者，呼吁更多的人加入，所以可能在广告版块看到这
42、篇文章，故选C。20词义猜测题。分析“Perhaps your family is able to provide housing and emotional support for a child who not only have no homes but also need love and care.”可知，也许你的家庭能够为孩子提供住房和情感支持，他们不仅没有家，而且需要爱和照顾。所以provide housing是提供物质上的支持，而后面对应的是精神上的支持，因此emotional support和feelings同义，故选A。21细节理解题。根据“Attend a General
43、 Meeting at the Mount Joy Office, Thursday, February 4th or 18th 6:00 p.m.-8:00 p.m.”可知，2月4日或18日，星期四下午六时至八时，在办事处参加会员大会。故选D。题组B 培优拔尖练四、单项选择22Mom, I got first in the 100-meter race.Well done. Im so _ of you.AtiredBproudCafraidDangry【答案】B【详解】句意：妈妈，我在100米赛跑中得了第一名。干得好。我为你感到骄傲。考查形容词辨析。tired“疲倦”；proud“骄傲”；
44、afraid“害怕”；angry“愤怒”。根据上文“Mom, I got first in the 100-meter race.”可知是妈妈为孩子取得成绩感到骄傲。故选B。23Daming is _ a plan for the new term at the moment.AtakingBshowingCdevelopingDmatching【答案】C【详解】句意：大明目前正在制定新学期的计划。 考查动词词义辨析。take拿走；show展示；develop研制；match配对。根据“a plan”可知，此处表示“制定”计划。故选C。24When Joseph heard his daughter helped others, he felt _ of her.Im sure he was pleased with his daughter at that time.AproudBcleverCawfulDafraid【答案】A【详解】句意：当约瑟夫听说他的女儿帮助别人时，他为她感到骄傲。我肯定他那时对他女儿很满意。考查形容词辨析。proud骄傲的；clever聪明的；awful糟糕的；af