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1、Unit 7 International Charities 第3课时grammar八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）知识精讲一、基本概念主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。（主动句） The
2、door was opened.门被开了。（被动句） 二、基本分类被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词-本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词-本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：amisareeaten 一般过去时：waswereeaten 一般将来时：will beeaten 现在完成时：havehas beeneaten三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
3、。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. - He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. -The bikes are made by them in the factory. 四、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来
4、带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. -This watch can be repaired in two days. Wemust finish this work soon. -This work must be done soon.能力拓展一、 完成句子1吃饭之前必须洗手。Your hands _ _ _ before meals.2上公交车前必须向司机出示你的穗康码。Your Suikang code _ _ _ to the driver _ you get on the bus.3我们应该永远铭
5、记中国的历史。The Chinese history _ _ _ by us forever.4昨天，这张桌子被搬到图书馆了。The desk _ _ to the library yesterday.5可怜的小狗遇到了善良的女孩儿，得到了细心照顾。The poor dog met a kind girl and _ _ _ well by her.分层提分题组A 能力提升练6Lei Feng has died, but his spirits should _ by us.AlearnBbe learntClearnsDbe learning7The young trees _ every
6、day, or theyll die.Amust waterBcan be wateredCmust be wateredDshould be watering8The new school in this area _ next year.Awill be builtBwill buildCis going to buildDbuilds9This kind of watch _ in Italy.Acan buyBbe buyCcan be buyDcan be bought10A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A
7、will be builtBis builtChas been builtDis being built11A new airport will be built in Tantou, Longhui.Good news! But a lot of good farmland _.Ashould be wastedBcannot be wastedCmay be wastedDmust waste12Many trees and flowers _ next year to make Guangzhou more beautiful.Awill plantBwill plantedCbeing
8、 plantedDwill be planted13Badaling part of the Ming Great Wall _ many centuries ago. It is very famous in the world.AbuildsBbuiltCis builtDwas built14The mountains _ with trees in a few years.Aare coveredBare coveringCwill coverDwill be covered15The question _ three hours later.AdiscussedBwill discu
9、ssCwill be discussedDis discussed16The book-display hall is filled _ people at the moment. I cant even squeeze in and its said a lot of books _.Awith; have been sold outBof; had been soldCwith: had sold wellDof; were sold out17Were those Christmas presents _ the children in the hospital? Yes, Heidi
10、will _ a toy car as a present this year.Abought for; be givenBbuy to; giveCbought for; be given toDbought; be giving18Peter got seriously _ in the car accident last week. Yes, he did. And he is _ in the hospital now.Awas hurt; taken good careBwas hurt; taken good care ofChurt; being taken good care
11、ofDhurt; taken good care19What _ when you _ this morning? I was smiling into the mirror.Awould you do; calledBwere you doing; were wantedCare you doing; were callingDwere you doing; wanted20Loose or small parts of toys must _ toddlers. OK. I will make sure _ all toys are stored in a safe place befor
12、e they come in.Akeep from; ofBbe kept away; thatCbe kept away from; ofDbe kept away from; /21This kind of flowers should _ every day.AwaterBis wateredCare wateredDbe watered22Hongkou Football Stadium _ soon to become a “football and sports landmark” in Shanhgai.Awas rebuiltBwill rebuildCwill be rebu
13、iltDrebuilt23 When shall we go and play basketball? Not until the work _.Ais finishedBfinishesCwill finishDwill be finished题组B 培优拔尖练24In Switzerland, things like glass and plastic _ into different groups and then recycled.AseparateBseparatedCare separated25We are made _ more confident by our teacher
14、.Ato beBbeingCbe26Danny, you can go out to play, but your homework _first.Awill finishBhas finishedCfinishesDshould be finished27We will fly a kite as soon as your homework _.AfinishesBwill be finishedChas finishedDis finished28It was reported that nine Chinese people _ in a balloon crash（坠毁）in Egyp
15、t on February 26, 2013.Aare killedBwere killedCwill killDhave killed29Do you know Earth Day? Sure. It _ in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.Asets upBset upCis set upDwas set up30Chinas hot words, like tuhao, dama and renxing, _ widely in the Western media last year. Really?AuseBare usedCusedDwere used