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1、Unit 5 Good manners 第2课时 reading八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）知识精讲1、Whats the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? proper adj. 符合习俗的 正确的 eg： She is always proper in her behaviour. 2、British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time. shake sbs hand 与
2、某人握手 Chinese people usually （与你握手 ）to express their friendliness.答案： shake your hand 3、Do they greet people with a kiss?greet vt. 问候 打招呼 greet somebody with 以 方式跟人打招呼她总是微笑着跟我们打了个招呼。 She _ _ _ _ smile.答案：always greet us with5、But please avoid subjects like age, weight or money. subject n. 话题 主题 eg: T
3、his book includes many different subjects. 这本书包含了许多话题。 avoid vt. 避免 后面直接跟宾语。 avoid 后常跟 v.-ing 形式 构成 avoid doing sth. 结构 意为 “ 避免做某事 ” 。 eg: You should avoid eating such unhealthy food. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 1. 我们必须认真做作业避免错误。 We must do our homework carefully to _ _. 2.王先生设法避免让他的经理生气。 Mr Wang tried to _ _ his
4、 manager angry. 答案： 1.avoid mistake 2. avoid making6、They think its rude to push in before others.push v. 推挤 和 push 相对应的词是 pull 可意为 “ 拉，拖，拔 ” 。 eg:Dont push the door. Pull it, please. 不要推门。请拉开。 It is + adj + (for sb) + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事 句型中的 it 是形式主语 真正的主语是后面的 to do sth. eg:It is impolite to ask B
5、ritish people how old they are. 问英国人多大年龄是不礼貌的。 将下列句子翻译成英语。1.学好英语很难。 _ 2.对孩子们来记住这些电话号码很重要。 _ 答案：1.It is hard to learn English well2.Its important for children to remember these phone numbers7、： If youre in their way, they wont touch you or push past you. 如果你挡了他们的路，他们不会碰你或推开你过去。（1）in ones way 挡住某人的路 e
6、g：I couldnt walk very fast because a lot of people got in my way. 我不能走的很快，因为很多人挡了我的路。 on ones way(to）“在去的路上” in the way“妨碍，挡道”（2）touch 此处为及物动词，意为“触摸，碰 ” eg. You cant touch that thing. 你不能碰那个东西。 翻译：1.一群绵羊挡住了我们的路。 .2.不要难博物馆里的东西。 .答案：1.A group of sheep are in our way. 2.Dont touch the things in the mus
7、eum.8、Theyll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. excuse 既可以作名词，也可以作动词。作名词时，可意为 “ 借口 ” 。 作动词时 可意为 “ 原谅 ” 。 eg：Mary explained why she was late, but we didnt accept her excuse. Please excuse him for arriving late. 请原谅他来晚了。 Excuse me 和 Im sorry 的用法不同 前者是打扰或麻烦别人的客套用语 后者则是做错事后的道歉用语
8、。 e.g. Excuse me. Can you tell me how to go to the park? 请原谅我来迟了(翻译) .答案：Excuse me for coming late.9、British people are very polite at home as well, arent they? as well (as) 也,还有 eg: I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well. as well 一般不用否定句通常放在句末，强调时可放在句中。 either 用于否定句，放在句末之前加逗号。 too 语气较轻，
9、多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。 also 比 too 正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句 ，一般紧靠动词。 汤姆喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。（翻译） .答案：Tom likes music.I like it as well.10、Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome , do as the Romans do.” （1）as连词，“正如，如同”，表方式。（2）saying n. 谚语 格言 eg：My grandpa knows a lot of English sayings. 你应该按照汤姆吩咐的做。（翻译） .答案：You should do
10、as Tom told you. 能力拓展一、 完成句子1你最好避免谈论像年龄或者体重这样的话题.Youd better _ about _ age or weight.【答案】avoid talking things like【详解】avoid避免，是一个动词，常用于句型avoid doing sth.避免做某事；talk谈论，应变为动名词talking；things事情；like像，like age or weight是介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词things。2如果有人挡了你的道, 你应该说劳驾并且等待。Is someone _, you should say _and wait.【答案
11、】in your way excuse me【详解】in ones way挡道，是一个固定短语，根据句意应变为in your way，注意这是一个介词短语，应在句中作表语，前面加一个be动词is；excuse me劳驾，打扰一下，是固定短语。3我意外地在机场遇到了我的老师，他和我握了握手然后离开了。I met my teacher at the airport _. He _with me and then left.【答案】by accident shook hands【详解】by accident是一个固定短语，意外地；shake hands握手，句中使用的是一般过去时态，故shake变为
12、过去式shook。故填by accident；shook hands。4一个真正的朋友是在需要时候给你帮助，使你感动。A true friend _ for your hand and _ your heart.【答案】 reaches touches【详解】结合中文提示，此句时态宜用一般现在时，主语“A true friend”是第三人称单数，因此两空动词均用三单形式；根据固定搭配“伸出某人的手：reach for ones hand”可知，第一空reaches符合句意；再者根据“使你感动”可知，第二空touches符合句意。故填reaches；touches。5Miss Wang spea
13、ks English _ _ _ (与一样好) him.【答案】 as well as【详解】句意：王小姐英语说得和他一样好。和一样as . as，中间加形容词或副词原级；结合“speaks”可知此处用副词well表示“好”。故填as；well；as。分层提分题组A 能力提升练二、完型填空Everyone knows that Asian kids do well in math, but do you know why? Recently some scientists _6_ a book. They try to tell us _7_ Asian kids are good at ma
14、th.The _8_ reason is how short the spoken digits (数字) are. _9_ the following numbers out aloud: 4, 8, 5 and 6. _10_ you speak in English, youll need more than two seconds (秒), but in Chinese, youll need _11_ than one.The second _12_ is the structure (结构) of the number system. In English we have word
15、s _13_ fourteen, thirty-four or fifty-seven. The number system in English is irregular (不规则的), but it isnt in Chinese, Japanese or Korean. These _14_ have a logical (逻辑的) counting system. In Chinese, eleven is ten-one. Twelve is ten-two. Twenty-four is two-ten-four, and so on.Above all, Asian kids l
16、earn to count faster. It makes them do math _15_ than kids in other parts of the world.6AreadBfoundCboughtDwrote7AwhereBwhatCwhyDwhen8AotherBonlyClastDfirst9AAskBReadCWorkDSing10AIfBBecauseCUntilDAlthough11AmoreBlessCmuchDlittle12AwayBexampleCreasonDproblem13AatBofCinDlike14AlanguagesBsubjectsCcount
17、riesDsentences15Amore difficultBbetterCmore slowlyDworse【答案】6D7C8D9B10A11B12C13D14A15B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚洲国家的孩子擅长数学的原因。【解析】6句意：最近一些研究人员写了一本书。read阅读；found发现；bought买；wrote写，根据后文的“how short the spoken digits (数字) are”和“the structure (结构) of the number system”可知，应该是写了一本书，故选D。7句意：他们试图告诉我们为什么亚洲孩子擅长数学。wh
18、ere在哪；what什么；why为什么；when什么时候；根据后文的“reason”可知，应该是为什么亚洲孩子擅长数学，故选C。8句意：第一个原因是语音数字太短了。other其他的；only唯一的；last最后的；first第一个的；根据后文的“The second”可知，应该是“第一个原因”，故选D。9句意：大声读出下面的数字。Ask问；Read阅读；Work工作；Sing唱歌；根据后文的“4, 8, 5 and 6”可知，应该是大声读出下面的数字，故选B。10句意：如果你说英语，你需要的不止两秒钟。If如果；Because因为；Until直到；Although虽然；根据空后的“you sp
19、eak in English, youll need more than two seconds”可知，此处是假设的一种情况，表示“如果你说英语，你需要的不止两秒钟”，故选A。11句意：但是用中文，你需要少于一秒。more更多的；less更少的；much许多；little几乎没有；根据“but”可知，前后分句所表达的内容是相对的，所以此处是指“时间少于一秒钟”，less than“少于”，故选B。12句意：第二个原因是数字系统的结构。way方式；example例子；reason原因；problem问题；根据前文的“The first reason is how short the spoken
20、 digits (数字) are”可知，此处指的是第二个原因，故选C。13句意：在英语中，我们有像14、34或者57的单词。at在；of的；in在里；like像；根据空后的“fourteen, thirty-four or fifty-seven”可知，此处列举了英语中的三个数字，所以用介词like，意为“像，例如”，故选D。14句意：这些语言有一个逻辑计算系统。languages语言；subjects学科；countries国家；sentences句子；根据本空前面的“Chinese, Japanese or Korean”可知，此处用languages指代上文中提到的这三种语言，故选A。1
21、5句意：这让他们的数学比世界其他地方的孩子学得好。more difficult更难的；better更好的；more slowly更慢地；worse更糟糕的；结合全文可知，本文主要讲了亚洲国家的孩子比其他国家的孩子更擅长数学，故选B。三、阅读单选AChina covers large areas and has a big population. Different living habits have always been an interesting topic in the country. Recently, another difference between southern Ch
22、inese and northern Chinese became a hot one: the way people shop at markets. People from southern China say that they always buy what they need for just one or two meals. It is normal for them to buy half of a Chinese cabbage, two potatoes and 0. 25 kilograms of beef at a time. However, one may be l
23、aughed at if he does this in the north. Instead, buying vegetables and meat enough for a week is usual. Also, you can buy a small amount(数量) of fruit, such as a single apple or pear, each time in the south. Shop owners even help you peel and cut them. But shop owners in the north hardly offer such s
24、ervice. And many fruits are sold in baskets and boxes. The difference could be due to the different weather. Food can be kept for a long time in the north, as it is usually cold and dry there. Many northern Chinese have the habit of storing food, especially for the long winter. But the hot and wet w
25、eather in the south makes southern Chinese buy just enough food for one meal or one day, or else the food may go bad.16In southern China, people usually buy _ at a time.Aa small amount (数量)of foodBa large amount of foodCenough food for a weekDa lot of meat and vegetables17If you buy fruits in the so
26、uth, the shop owners may _.Apeel and cut them for youBlaugh at youConly sell them in boxes and basketsDonly sell a single apple or pear18Many northern Chinese have the habit of keeping food because _.Athe weather is hot and wetBfood goes bad quicklyCthe weather is cold and dryDthey live far away fro
27、m markets19The underlined words “due to” mean “_” in Chinese.A所以B但是C然而D因为20This passage is mainly about _ between northern Chinese and southern Chinese.Adifferent living habitsBdifferent shopping habitsCdifferent shopping habits at marketsDboth the differences and similarities【答案】16A17A18C19D20C【分析】
28、本文主要介绍了中国南北方人们在市场上不同的购物习惯。【解析】16细节理解题。根据“People from southern China say that they always buy what they need for just one or two meals.”可知，南方的人们一次买很少数量的食物，故选A。17细节理解题。根据“Shop owners even help you peel and cut them.”可知，如果你在南方买水果，店主会帮你剥皮和切割，故选A。18细节理解题。根据“Food can be kept for a long time in the north,
29、as it is usually cold and dry there. Many northern Chinese have the habit of storing food, especially for the long winter.”可知，北方人有保存食物的习惯是因为北方天气寒冷干燥，食物容易保存，故选C。19词句猜测题。分析文章内容，结合句子“The difference could be due to the different weather”可知，这种差异可能是由不同的天气造成的。由此推测“due to”的意思是“因为”，故选D。20主旨大意题。根据“Recently, a
30、nother difference between southern Chinese and northern Chinese became a hot one: the way people shop at markets.”可知，本文主要介绍了中国南北方人们在市场上不同的购物习惯，故选C。BWe all think we have good table manners. However, your proper table manners may be impolite in other countries. Lets see some strange table manners arou
31、nd the world.Slurping(吸食)is good.One of my favorite is noodles. In Japan, slurping shows that the food is good. Youll look strange if you dont slurp your noodles. But be careful. Slurping is impolite in most cultures. In Thailand and in parts of China its accepted to slurp but not really encouraged.
32、Should you finish all the food on your plate?In some cultures, like Thai culture, finishing all your food on your plate is a sign. It shows that your host doesnt provide you with enough food. However, for Japanese people, finishing the food shows that you like the meal.Dont eat with a fork, please.I
33、n Thai culture, the fork isnt used to send food to your mouth. In fact, it never goes into your mouth. Fork is used to move food from your plate onto your spoon. You can use a fork to eat anything that isnt served with rice. The people in India, Nepal and some other countries are different. They don
34、t even use forks but eat with their hands.21Slurping is a good manner in _.AChinaBJapanCThailandDIndia22If youre full at the table in Thailand, you should _.Aeat up all your food on the plateBslurp loudlyCleave some food on your plateDsay thanks to the host23What does “encouraged”most probably mean
35、in Chinese?_A流行B借鉴C消失D鼓励24In Thai culture, we can know that the fork cannot be used to eat _.ARiceBfruitCsaladDnoodles25Whats the text mainly about?_AStrange table manners.BHow to get on with Thai people.CHow to be polite in Japan.DDifferent eating habits.【答案】21B22C23D24A25A【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一些奇怪的餐桌礼
36、仪。【解析】21细节理解题。根据文中“In Japan, slurping， shows that the food is good. Youll look strange if you dont slurp your noodles.”可知，在日本，吸食意味着食物好吃，可见是个好习惯。故选B。22细节理解题。根据文中“In some cultures, like Thai culture, finishing all your food on your plate is a sign. It shows that your host doesnt provide you with enoug
37、h food.”可知，泰国文化中，吃光盘子里的食物意味着主人提供的食物不够，所以如果吃饱了，应该在盘子里留一些食物。故选C。23词义猜测题。根据文中“In Thailand and in parts of China its accepted to slurp but not really encouraged.”可知，在泰国或中国的部分地区，吸食可以接受但并不被鼓励。but表示前后是转折关系。故选D。24细节理解题。根据文中“You can use a fork to eat anything that isnt served with rice. ”可知，吃米饭时，不能使用叉子。故选A。2
38、5主旨大意题。根据文中“Lets see some strange table manners around the world.”可知，文中主要讲述了一些奇怪的餐桌礼仪。故选A。题组B 培优拔尖练26Rita regards the quiet girl _ her best friend. They both like listening to pop music.AforBinCasDto【答案】C【详解】句意：丽塔把这个安静的女孩视为她最好的朋友。她们都喜欢听流行音乐。考查介词辨析。for为了；in在里面；as作为；to到。regard as 意为“把视为”，是固定搭配，故选C。27L
39、ets go through the forest. We can save a lot of time.I dont think thats a good idea. To _ dangerous animals, wed better take another route.AprotectBstopCsaveDavoid【答案】D【详解】句意：我们穿过森林吧。我们可以节省很多时间。我认为那不是个好主意。为了避开危险的动物，我们最好走另一条路。考查动词辨析。protect保护；stop停止；save拯救；avoid避开。根据“dangerous animals”可知，是避开危险的动物，故选D
40、。28Obey the traffic rules, _youll be punished.AbutBwhileCtillDor【答案】D【详解】句意：遵守交通规则，否则你会受到惩罚。考查连词辨析。but但是，表转折；while当时候；till直到；or或者/否则；根据“Obey the traffic rules”和“youll be punished”提示可知，本句是“祈使句+or+陈述句”句式，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”；故选D。29Its interesting _ many places of interest from all over the worl
41、d.AvisitingBto visitCvisitDvisited【答案】B【详解】句意：参观世界各地的许多名胜是很有趣的。 考查固定句型和动词不定式。visit动词，参观；It is adj to do sth意为“做某事怎么样”，因此此处是to visit。故选B。30_ necessary that you hand in your homework on time every day.AThatsBItsCYoureDThis is【答案】B【详解】句意：你每天按时交作业是必要的。 考查固定句型。Its adj. + that从句，做某事怎么样，为固定句型。后面的that从句是真正主语，it是形式主语。故选B。