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1、Unit SixL Objective令To learn how to organize an argumentative piece of writing and develop ideas;令To listen to and read some materials about reading so as to learn some useful words andexpressions related.IL Teaching Emphasis:1. The comprehension and appreciation of Text I;2. New words and expressio
2、ns:shelter, end up with, engross, browsing, retire, indulgent, beckon, tell off, tuck, discreet, poverty-stricken, a nose for, persevere, flickIIL Teaching Procedures: (7 hours)Lead-in1. Movie Clip2. Quotes1. Movie ClipWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1. What are so many girls
3、 queuing up for?They are queuing to get into the brand sale for bargains.2. Why did the girl struggle when she found the Pucci boots?Because she knew she didnt need it, but she couldnt resist the temptation of its low price.Discussion:Some people have the same shopping experience as the girl in the
4、movie clip. What suggestions will you give them to get rid of their impulsive buying behaviour? This is an open question.Script(They have Gucci half off, Calvin Klein half off! Youll get your turn, just be patient.)- At every point I will ask, “Do I need this?”- Theres another entrance this way!- We
5、ll, these cashmere gloves I need as it is winter and I have . hands. So thafs all. Til buy these and these alone.- Now walk away, strong and frugal. Oh, my God! Pucci boots. Fifty-percent off? Do I need these? Do I need these? Do I need these? No.- Jeannie, Pucci boots!- Uh, oh, Fm so sorry. I had e
6、m first.- But you put them down.- No, I know I did, but I saw em first, so Im gonna take em.- Then you took your hands off them.(20) apart from: except fore.g. Apart from a few words, he knows nothing about Chinese.Apart from the little infection he had caught in his hometown, his health was sound.(
7、21) indulgent: a. willing to allow someone, especially a child, to do or have whatever they want, even if this is not good for theme.g. We all think he is too indulgent with his children.Mr. Green is indulgent of others shortcomings.(22) obtain: v. get or achieve what one wants, especially through h
8、is own effort, skill, or work e.g. You will need to obtain permission from the principal.The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain.(23) dismayed: a. worried, disappointed, and upset when something unpleasant happense.g. They were dismayed that the demonstration had been allowed to take pl
9、ace.He was astonished, but by no means dismayed.(24) beckon: v. make a signal to someone with your hand, to show that you want them to come towards you or to follow youe.g. She beckoned to him and he went into her office.I could see my husband beckoning me.(25) tuck: v. put something into a small sp
10、ace, especially in order to protect, hide, carry, or hold it e.g. He took the glasses off and tucked them in his pocket.Tuck a bag of raisins in your purse or bag for an easy snack.(26) tempt: v. attract and make sb. want something, even though it may be wrong or harmfule.g. Nothing can tempt me to
11、do such a thing.I shouldnt have let you tempt me into talking of the old days.(27) delighted: a. very pleased and happye.g. I am very delighted to hear the news of your success.He looked at the honest parents, with their delighted children laughing and clapping their hands.Notes1 You may even have e
12、ntered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower.you might end up with a rather dull book. you may want to find out where a particular section is .May is used to express possibilitye.g. They may be sitting in a public house.But they may be on their way to the theatre.They may never have int
13、ended to turn up at the party.They might not have, but they sounded so keen.They may not come.They might not come, but I think they will.End up with or in somethingget something or get into some state even though one did not originally intend to get / get into it e.g. He meant to paint a portrait fo
14、r her, but he ended up with only a sketch.Dont loaf away your time, or youll end up in failure.2. Whatever the reason you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings.Whatever It doesnt matter what (or no matter what); I dont care whatWhatever the reason - Whatever the reason it may bee.g. D
15、o what you think is right, whatever they may say.Whatever the time, I am too wide awake to go to bed yet.3. must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment.Book-sellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent.1) Must in the above sentences expresses obligation.e.g. These tickets are used ones. Yo
16、u must pay the full fare.If you dont pay the fine, I must write down your name and address.2) Must can also be used to express logical probability.e.g. People who travel first class every day must be comfortably off.He is both competent and well-read. He must be admired by his students.3) The past f
17、orm of must in this meaning is must have + -ed participle.e.g. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.She must have worked very hard. Now she is one of the top students in our class.4) The negative form of must in this meaning is expressed by can Z.e.g. She must be mistaken. That cant be
18、true.He must be her brother. He can ft be the only child.5) The negative form of must have + -ed participle is expressed by cant have + -ed participle.e.g. She can ft have lost her way because she has a map.I can 7 have sent the letter to the wrong address. I remember writing the correct address.An
19、appointment is an arrangement for a meeting at an agreed time and/or place. You may make an appointment(与 人约会),keep an appointment(守约),or break an appointment(失约). long-suffering: patient in spite of difficulty 有耐心 indulgent: treating people with special kindness 宽容4. and must dash off to keep some
20、forgotten appointment. and left the delighted student to continue his reading.Through common usage, some -ing and -ed participles have come to be used as regular adjectives. They have all the characteristics of adjectives, thus they can be used attributively or predicatively; they can be modified by
21、 adverbs like very, too, quite; their comparative is formed by adding more and their superlative by adding most.e.g. He told us a very amusing story.Henry is the most promising student in our class.He is too tired to fall asleep easily.Forest fires are usually caused by some broken glass and cigaret
22、te ends.5. escape the realities of everyday lifeget away from what happens every day, both pleasant and unpleasant experiencesEscape, whose basic meaning is get free, keep free firom，may be used in various contexts.e.g. Lefs go to a quiet comer to escape the crowd.The canary has escaped from its cag
23、e.Jacks telephone number escapes me fbr the moment (i.e., I cant recall it).6. You needn 7 buy anything you dont want.1) neednt = dont have to, dont need to. Needn ft expresses absence of obligation.e.g. You neednt do the whole exercise now. You can finish it at home.She needn ft write to him becaus
24、e he has already heard the news.2) The past form of neednt is didnt need to.e.g. There were plenty of empty seats on the bus so I didn ft need to stand all the way.Since she helped with the heavy bag, I didnt need to take a taxi.3) The alternative past form of didnt need to = needn ft have + -ed par
25、ticiple. It is used when an action has been unnecessarily done.e.g. You neednt have done the washing-up alone. I would have helped you gladly if you had asked me to.They needn ft have waited for us in the rain.7. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished brow
26、sing.Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time .The words and phrases in italics are -ing participles used as nouns or noun phrases with which you are familiar.Here is a summary of the principal uses of the -ing participles used as nouns and noun modifiers.1) As the su
27、bject of a sentencee.g. Her singing delighted the audience.Smoking is not allowed in the reading-room.2) As the complement of a sentencee.g. The only thing that interests me is singing.His job at that time was selling newspapers.3) As the object of a verbe.g. I remember seeing him somewhere.Have you
28、 finished browsing?4) As the object of a prepositione.g. He dashed off to keep some forgotten appointment without buying a book.A book-seller should look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.5) As a noun modifiere.g. The old man with a walking-stick is my uncle.He started off the next
29、 morning with a travelling-bag in one hand and a pencil-thin rolled black umbrella in the other.Note the difference in meaning between the participle used as a modifier and the verbal noun in -ing used as a modifier:-ing participlea sleeping child = a child who is sleepingverbal noun in -inga readin
30、g-room = a room for readingThere is a hyphen between the verbal noun in -ing and the noun it modifies. The verbal noun in -ing is generally modified by a possessive adjective.e.g. Do you mind my opening the window?It is no use your telling me not to worry about Peter.8. You have to be careful not to
31、 be attracted byThe negative of a to-infinitive is formed by placing not before the infinitive sign to.e.g. I am sorry not to have said good-bye to Cathy when she left Shanghai.Try not to read in dim light.9. looking for a book on, say ancient coinsSay is here used to suggest an example. The phrase
32、can be reworded as looking for a book on, for example, ancient coins.”e.g. Show me a picture of, say. the Niagara Falls.Shall I come to get you at, say. two oclock?10. Expecting to be told offExpecting to be scoldedTell somebodymeans speak to somebody angrily because he has done something wrong. e.g
33、. Sarah told her son o耳 far playing truant.5. Comments on the TextThis is a short, simple and straightforward piece of persuasive writing. Some of the writing techniques are worth studying.1. The style is informal and it suggests everyday talk.1) Generic you is used a great deal to show the informal
34、 tone.2) Some of the contracted forms of speech are used.Examples: You neednt buy anything you dont want.He couldnt obtain it from the library .3) The first person pronoun is used to express the writers personal opinion and to make his subjective assertions.Example: This opportunity to escape the re
35、alities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this.4) Some loosely structured sentences are used.Example: It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the
36、 latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing - something which had only vaguely interested you up till then.2. Sentence length is varied - short and simple sentences of ten words or less each are set against fairly long and complicated constructions.Examples:Paragraph 3 is a goo
37、d illustration of this.Sentence 1. 一 short and simple in structure4. 一 very short and simple2. 一 long and complex5. 一 of medium length and complex3. fairly long and complexWhat is noteworthy in this paragraph as well as in the whole text is that when the writer wishes to make an important point, he
38、uses a short sentence and when he is illustrating or explaining these points he employs longer and more complicated sentences.3. A subjective point of view is adopted. The passage is written from the point of view of the book-lover who has a limited purse with unlimited interests rather than the boo
39、kseller who, of course, wishes to sell as many books in as short a time as possible.Examples:If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting . the assistant should retire discreetly .Book-sellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent.He vividly illustrates his i
40、dea of a perfect book-seller in the amusing anecdote which ends with the book-sellers remark “I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it.”4. The subject is directly established at the beginning of the passage to draw the reader into the essay.The first sentence immediately establishes the t
41、heme 一 why time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable? Then the writer elaborates on this by:1) describing how easy it is to become absorbed in even an unplanned visit to a bookshop. (Para. 1)2) giving reasons for such absorption and suggesting how the assistants should behave. (Para. 2)3) warni
42、ng against the dangers of buying on impulse - that is, an unplanned purchase of something that has just happened to catch your eye. (Para. 3)4) telling an anecdote which illustrates how a perfect book-seller should behave. The paragraphs follow on logically and cohesively from beginning to end.6. Ex
43、ercisesAnswer the following questions.1. What is the implied meaning of “If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: Can I help you, sir?In English-speaking countries, when a male customer walks into a shop, an assistant often greets him by saying “Can I help y
44、ou, sir? ” This is considered a polite way of serving the customer and the assistant is required to do so. However, if a person goes into a bookshop and wishes to browse through the books before buying any, he does not want to be bothered by the assistants greeting. In a good bookshop, the assistant
45、 will thus not greet the customer as is usually the case.2. What does the sentence . when he has led you there, the assistant should retire discreetly and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book“ suggest to you?After the assistant has answered the customers questions, he should go a
46、way quickly, appearing not to care whether he will sell a single book or not. The writer is trying to tell us that the assistant in the bookshop should let the customer browse through the books to his hearts content without disturbing him in the slightest.3. How do you understand the sentence “Then,
47、 and only then, are his services necessary”？Only when you have finished browsing and have decided which book or books to buy are you in need of his services.4. What does the word this refer to in the sentence There is a story which well illustrates this”? This refers to the statement “Book-sellers m
48、ust be both long-suffering and indulgent.5. Why was the medical student surprised?He had not expected to be treated with such kindness.6. Does the word illustrate mean the same thing in “There is a story which well illustrates this” and This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated .”？No. The first sentence means “There is a story which shows fully what I mean. The second sentence me