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1、Unit EightL Objectives令 To learn to appreciate a narrative piece of writing;令 To learn some useful vocabulary and expressions presented through the text.令 To familiarize students with a narrative piece of writing involving successful use of (a), effective comic exaggeration through similes and metap
2、hors, and (b). contrast and parallelisms.IL Teaching Emphasis:1. The comprehension and appreciation of Text I;New words and expression:duck; wince; placatory; indefensible; negligently; studious; shrug; wry; dissolve; guffaw; nail down; trail away; be shocked to the core; every nook and cranny III.
3、Teaching Procedures: (7 hours)Lead-in1. Movie ClipQuotes1. Movie ClipWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1. What attitude do most children hold toward the new governess? Why?They are unfriendly and even very rude to her because they dont want a new governess.2. How much do you kn
4、ow about the new governess? What kind of people do you think she is? She has never been a governess before, but she is friendly, kind and knows how to get along with children.Discussion:It is a real headache to become the tutor of a group of naughty children, or so-called bad children. Suppose you a
5、re going to be such a tutor, what will you do to keep them under your control? This is an open question.Script-At ease. Well, now that theres just us, would you please tell me all your names again and how old you are?-Im Liesl. Tm 16 years old, and I dont need a governess.-Im glad you told me, Liesl
6、. We9ll just be good friends.-Im Friedrich. Tm 14. Im impossible.-Really? Who told you that, Friedrich?-Fraulein Josephine. Four governesses ago.-Im Brigitta.(10) placatory: a. to make people feel less angry by showing that you are willing to please them e.g. The potentially placatory government of
7、the Democratic Party of Japan was alienated by Chinas aggressive behaviour.He gives me a placatory smile to ease my mind.(11) inwardly: ad. in your minde.g. Perhaps the leader inwardly cringes at the personality cult that surrounds him. Laughing, I inwardly answered it in the affirmative.(12) trace:
8、 v. to find someone or something by searching for them carefullye.g. Police finally traced the young man who was seen near the accident to an address in Korea.You can trace price indices by the use of the computer.(13) studious: a. spending a lot of time studying and readinge.g. She was an extremely
9、 serious, clever and studious young woman.The group says its studious robot may even improve our understanding of this research.(14) enormous: a. extremely largee.g. This movement provides an enormous amount of opportunities to create useful energy. We cannot ignore its enormous vitality for its sim
10、plicity!(15) indefensible: a. too bad to be excused or defendede.g. This is an illegal and morally indefensible action.Besieged by scandal, his government has squandered precious time staving off inquiries and defending indefensible ministers.(16) recall: v. to remember a particular fact, event, or
11、situation from the past e.g. Do you recall when and where your husband acquired this book? When seeing it, he cannot help recalling his bitter past.(17) impropriety: n. behaviour or an action that is wrong or unacceptable according to moral, social, or professional standardse.g. There is no evidence
12、 of impropriety. Impropriety is the soul of wit.(18) nail down: fix something firmly; establish clearly and unmistakablye.g. It took us 3 hours to nail down our agreement.Wc had better nail down the time for our next meeting.(19) mountainous: a. very large in amount or sizee.g. Almost happily, the o
13、ld man struggles with the mountainous waves.She faced a mountainous pile of presents still unwrapped.(20) sway: v. to move slowly from one side to anothere.g. The tree has swayed down to the wall.Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.(21) negligently: ad. not taking enough care over somethin
14、g that you are responsible for, with the result that serious mistakes are madee.g. Losses caused intentionally or negligently by the lessee shall be borne by the lessee. Safety technology is willfully and negligently bypassed when there is a profit to be made.(22) maliciously: ad. having or showing
15、hatred and a desire to harm somebody or hurt their feelingse.g. There are strong indications that someone at the resort was acting maliciously. Like the ungodly they maliciously mocked; they gnashed their teeth at me.(23) indignation: n, feelings of anger and surprise because you feel insulted or un
16、fairly treated e.g. The photo ignited a firestorm of indignation on Twitter.Nay, impatience kills the fool and indignation slays the simpleton.(24) mount: v. to increase gradually in amount or degreee.g. The death toll would rapidly mount into the tens of thousands.As their losses mount, they9re sel
17、ling off securities to meet demands for cash from lenders and investors.(25) puny: a. not effective or impressivee.g. The problem with this analysis is that the tail is far too puny to wag the dog. They laughed at my puny efforts to my work.(26) plead: v. to ask for something that you want very much
18、, in a sincere and emotional way e.g. We plead with our members to remain calm and united at this testing time.She pleaded to be allowed to come back to her hometown once again.(27) obedient: a. always doing what you are told to do; willing to obeye.g. At first Lucas was obedient and followed close
19、behind his father.The dog is obedient to its masters orders.(28) sceptical: a. doubtfule.g. After hearing her reasons, he looked highly sceptical.I still remain sceptical of any predictions or claims in the Internet.(29) trail away: to become gradually quieter and then stope.g. Her voice trailed awa
20、y to nothing for she was too nervous.The noise began to trail away when the speaker started an attractive topic.(30) toy: v. to think about an idea or possibility, usually for a short time and not very seriously e.g. I briefly toyed with the idea of going to France to visit them.He needs to be remin
21、ded that it isnt just a lab where he can toy with his fabulous ideas.(31) thunderbolt: n. a flash of lightning which hits a person or thing and kills or destroys them e.g. He was killed by a thunderbolt from Zeus to prevent further disaster.A thunderbolt split up the wooden house.(32) indolently: ad
22、. lazye.g. He lives indolently with his relatives.He draws out two bundles of jack straws from the pile and lies there indolently.(33) imposter: n. someone who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive people e.g. Anyone who speaks in the name of others is always an imposter.That nice looking
23、red snapper you ordered at a restaurant may be an imposter.(34) blush: v. to become red in the face, usually because you are embarrassed or ashamed e.g. Some boys are like shy Daphne. When they meet girls, they blush.Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.(35) bawl: v. to shout in a loud voic
24、e, especially in an unpleasant or angry way e.g. Who are you to bawl and whinge that they are wrong?Petty began to bawl suddenly, loudly, the sound adding to Cindys own uneasiness.(36) pandemonium: n. a situation in which there is a lot of noise because people are angry, confused or frightenede.g. T
25、hen the first blast went off, and the grim quiet erupted into pandemonium.When pandemonium broke out, it was impossible to hear what others were discussing.(37) gramophone: n. a record playere.g. The voice of the Edison gramophone was first heard by visitors in World Expo. She wound up the gramophon
26、e and put on a record of some merry music.(38) brawl: n. a noisy quarrel or fight among a group of people, especially in a public place e.g. A meeting of surviving Taliban commanders was said to have ended in a brawl and gunfight.A massive brawl reportedly broke out between workers of two different
27、nationalities.(39) alas: inter, used to express sadness, shame, or feare.g. Alas! You only remind me of what I have lost.Alas, for his own soul, if these were what he sought!(40) falsetto: n. an usually high voicee.g. The incongruous falsetto voice took on a musing note.The combination of jazz flute
28、, falsetto voices and lyrics has the audience in a laugh riot.Notesa succession of startled substitutesteachers who took the place of their own teachers and who got shocked came one after another. Succession meaning “the coming of one person/thing after another in time or order“ may refer to both pe
29、ople and events.eg：A succession of unexpected visitors came to our department on the first day of school.Last summer there was a succession of uncomfortably hot days.1. No one quite knew where the class had got in any subject.No one quite knew how much progress the class had made in any subject. To
30、get somewhere and to get nowhere mean to make progress and not to make progress“ respectively.e.g.：The class got nowhere in their studies.She practised the piano so hard that she was really getting somewhere.Are you getting anywhere in computer science?3 It was plain the headmaster thought they had
31、got nowhere.plain: easy to see; cleareg:I was a plain impostor.plain: nothing less than, out-and-outThe word plain in the above sentences has the same spelling and pronunciation but it has different meanings in different contexts.More examples to show another word with two different meanings:点击该行出现下
32、面两行 They are all standing quietly.I simply couldnt stand the heat here.4. all white flagaccepting defeat completelythese improprieties couldnt be nailed downit was impossible to say exactly what the inexcusable things they did were. Nail down means literally “fix something firmly”, and figuratively
33、establish clearly and unmistakably”.e.g.：Lefs nail down the lid of the wooden box.An agreement has been nailed down by the partners of the firm.5. make outsee or understand with difficultye.g.：Can you make out his handwriting?She spoke in such a soft voice that I could hardly make out what she said.
34、6. Too negligently or maliciously treatedy one would crash to the floor;The past participle construction too negligently or maliciously treated is used in place of the subordinate clause of the passive construction when it was too negligently or maliciously treated”.7. an awful pointless indignation
35、 mounted in mea dreadful unreasonable anger on my part intensified/increased; I became more and more angry with hardly any reasons. Pointless means done fbr no reason; meaningless”.e.g.：It is quite pointless to raise such a question when everyone has agreed on the decision.8. They took no noticeThey
36、 did not pay any attention. Notice meaning “attention“ can be used in various ways.e.g.：It has come to my notice that she is making great progress.We shouldn ft take any notice idle gossips.It has not escaped my notice that the children are up to some mischief.9. a sceptical onea doubtful one. Scept
37、ical is pronounced as / skeptikol /. It is spelt skeptical in American English.10. in cold blooddeliberately; (thinking things over) carefullyShocked, stung, and frightened.This sentence, consisting of three past participles, is used as a rhetorical device to give an emphatic effect to the preceding
38、 sentence.11. it was beyond methe situation was impossible for me to handleIt struck me that. It seemed appropriate.It suddenly occurred to me that I had with me a book on Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400), a great English author. There arc many records of events of Chaucers time in the book, including s
39、tories of noisy quarrels in the street. It seemed to be in keeping with what was happening in the classroom.12. CorThis is a slang word in British English, used for showing great surprise.13. The last paragraphThis is a description of the pupils reaction when they saw the impressive-looking book tak
40、en out by their teacher.5. Comments on the TextThe text is a short narrative piece of writing which vividly and amusingly relates how a young inexperienced stand-in teacher attempts to control a class that has frightened away a succession of substitutes for their own teacher. The writer is particula
41、rly successful in his effective use of comic exaggeration. The narrative is convincing due to the writers excellent description of a situation totally out of control, and vivid due to the writers keen observation of the behaviour of a young and inexperienced teacher when his authority is threatened.
42、1. The various ways in which comic exaggeration is achieved:1) The use of vivid similesA simile is a direct comparison of one thing to another by using the word like or as.Examples:To make this clear, he showed me his own thumb, a huge thing, like a pocket cudgel.There was, for a time, pandemonium,
43、like a big scene in an opera being played backwards on a gramophone.2) The use of appropriate metaphorsA metaphor is an expression which describes one thing in terms of another thing with which it can be compared without using the word like or as.Examples:I was inwardly all white flag.I managed to m
44、ake out that mixed up with these giants was a certain amount of furniture. individual desks: dolls house things that rested on mountainous knees and swayed from side to side.3) The use of striking contrastOne thing is put in sharp contrast with another so that a strong effect is produced.Examples:En
45、ormous boys were everywhere,. Was I really so puny .(The writer makes a contrast between the enormous boys and the puny teacher.). mixed up with these giants was a certain amount of furniture . desks; dolls house things .(A contrast is made between the big boys and their small desks.)4) The use of p
46、arallelisms to intensify the meaningExamples:.a succession of startled substitutes had stood before them, ducked, winced and fled.I was toying inwardly with ideas of thunderbolts, earthquakes, and mass executions.5) The use of vocabulary which emphasizes not the normal order in a classroom but that
47、of fighting and warExamples:cudgel, duck, wince, flee, mass, execution, white flag, chase, a strange rainAn excellent description of a situation which is totally out of control:1) The writer describes the young teacher 9s sense of inadequacy in the face of the threat coming from his pupils to show t
48、he reader that he certainly could not keep what he could not define or understand under control.Examples:Enormous boys were everywhere, doing indefensible things.I cant recall much in particular what they were doing, . these improprieties couldnt be nailed down.2) The writer successfully portrays a scene that met the eye of the teacher when he first entered the classroom to emphasize how totally out of control everything was in the classroom. Furniture seemed to have an active life of its own, chalk seemed