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1、Unit NineObjectives。 To get familiar with the topic of environmental issues and master some useful expressions about it;令 Text I is a short piece of narrative writing about an unforgettable winter. Millions have gone through winters over and over again but few have experienced an extremely cold wint
2、er as described in the passage. In order to convey the uniqueness of this particular, never-to-be forgotten winter, the writer skillfully uses description within narration and provides a lot of specific and concrete details. He also employs two figures of speech, metaphor and personification in the
3、text to make it more vivid and impressing. Students are supposed to learn such writing skills and use them in their writing later on.IL Teaching Emphasis:1. The comprehension and appreciation of Text I;2. New words and expressions:grimy, overhauling, squirt, thaw, relentlessly, set in, lie in a grip
4、 of iron, impression, devoted, bellow, lullaby, rattle, mutter, intimate, puff, puckered, tweakTeaching Methods: presentation; questions; discussionIII. Teaching Tool: multi-medium.IV. Checking Methods: examination; questions ; discussion; homeworkTeaching Procedures: (7 periods)Lead-inMovie Clip1.
5、Quotes1. Movie ClipWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1. What is happening in Whoville?It is snowing in the middle of summer, which is a dramatic change in the weather.2. What do they think of the disaster?They think it is a big trouble and it is end of the world.Discussion:Clim
6、ate change is one of the biggest issues facing the world today. How much do you know about it? What shall we do when facing the issue? This is an open question.-2. Quotescart: v. draw slowly or heavilye.g. After both their parents died, one of their fathers relatives carted off the entire contents o
7、f the house.Do you have to cart the bag round all day?(32) eventually: ad. after a long time, or after a lot of things have happenede.g. His endless recounting of the incident eventually became unbearable.The rain belt is moving southward; it will be sunny here eventually.(33) undoubtedly: ad. with
8、certaintye.g. Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.There was undoubtedly something charismatic and unusual about him.Notesin living memoryin the years which can be remembered by people still alivein the depths of the countryin the very remote part of the country. The depths of the
9、 country are the parts of the countryside which are far from cities and towns 在穷乡僻壤.The depths (plural) may also mean “the deepest or the worst part of something”e.g.in the depths of the oceanin the depths of winterin the depths of despairmy whole familyFamily is a collective noun, denoting a group
10、of individuals considered as one complete whole.More examples of collective nouns of this type:a cwwd of peoplea team of football playersthe board of directorsthe whole classthe entire armyCollective nouns may take singular or plural verbs according to the following rules.1) If every member of a gro
11、up is acting in the same way, the collective noun takes a singular verb.2) If the members of a group are acting separately, the collective noun takes a plural verb.3) The number of the pronouns or possessive adjectives referring to the collective nouns correspond to the number of the collective noun
12、s.e.g.The class are taking notes, their pens scribbling quickly over the pages of their notebooks.1. the garden was all churned upreferring to the snow in the garden which was turned upside down and inside outthe whole countryside lay in a grip of ironthe whole countryside was hardened by ice.A grip
13、 of iron is a metaphor meaning a frozen state”.2. Our central heating system proved both inadequate and unco-operative .inadequate 一 not adequateunco-operative - not co-operativee.g.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval.disapproval - the opposite of approvalUn-, in- and dis- are negat
14、ive prefixes which mean “the opposite of or not”.e.g.w/?doubtedlyunfortunatelyunhappyikelymabilitymcompetent比 completeindirect力sappeardiscomfortdislikedisobey. but other people had thought of doing this too - when we called at the village shop, the shopkeeper told . until the spring which, of course
15、, was a great comfort. and our youngest son not the most intelligent of youths promptly took it all the way back to the farm. only to discover the eggs had come to no harm - they were as solid as if they had been hardboiled.The dash is used in the above sentences to mark a sudden change of ideas or
16、to give some explanation.3. there were more on orderThere were more oil-stoves being requested by the village shop to be sent to them 已向火油 炉厂商进一步订货.Order in this context is a request made especially by a customer for something to be supplied.e.g.Jack placed/made an order for twenty oil-stoves to be
17、sent before the end of November.“Shall I take your orders?99 the waiter asked.4. which, of course, was a great comfortThis is a type of non-restrictive relative clause which has for its antecedent a whole sentence, or, as in this case, a clause or several clauses. Here, which refers to the fact that
18、 although there were more on order they were unlikely to be delivered until the spring”.e.g.They invited me to go to Shakespeare5s birthplace for a visit, which was really very kind of them.The young man was asked to work under a woman, which made him feel greatly humiliated.A great comfort is an ex
19、ample of irony, the use of words which are clearly opposite to ones meaning 反话.Actually the fact mentioned above could not be a comfort, because oil-stoves would not be needed when spring came.5. Comments on the TextThis is a short piece of narrative writing about an unforgettable winter. Millions h
20、ave gone through winters over and over again but few have experienced a winter as is described in the passage. How does the writer succeed in conveying the uniqueness of this particular, never-to-be-forgotten winter?1. The writer carefully selects a subject which has made a clear impression on him a
21、nd wants to evoke sympathy from the reader. He aims at telling the reader about the sufferings experienced in the extreme cold by establishing the situation in the first two short introductory paragraphs.2. He tries to convey a distinct impression of the extreme cold both outside and inside by setti
22、ng out specific and concrete details. It is precisely the mention of such particular things as definite colours and sounds, and specific action and attitudes of people that awaken the readers interest and win his sympathy.1) Colour - Vivid metaphors are used to show how the early beauty of the snowf
23、all has been changed into something harsh and ugly, e.g., a spotless white canopy.ugly lumps of grimy concrete2) Sound - A number of phrases help to express the sound effects associated with the severe winter which caused discomfort and inconvenience, eg, a whistling stream of cold air tramping to a
24、nd from the farm3) Actions A series of everyday occurrences are mentioned to emphasize the severity of the cold, e.g., children having snowball fights, feeding birds with leftovers, people lugging buckets of water, plumbers repairing pipes.4) Attitude - The description of the attitude of some member
25、s of the family towards the severe winter holds the readers interest, eg, the youngest son promptly taking the water all the way back to the farm, the writer stooping down furiously to pick up the eggs.5) Sight - Last but not least, some “sights are described to add to the vividness of the event, e.
26、g., water squirting from pipes in half a dozen places.3. The writer skilfully uses description within the narration. In other words, description is closely woven into the whole passage. The effects of a severe winter are described in detail.Examples:1) the hungry birds growing tamer day by day in se
27、arch of food2) the streams of cold air finding their way into the house3) every family trying to buy oil-stoves for more heating4) everyone wearing overcoats in the house5) the water frozen in the bucket while being carried6) the frozen eggs dropped but not brokenThe writer adopts a subjective and i
28、nformal style, with the exception of the third paragraph, which is a good example of a literary descriptive style. The first person plural we is usedthroughout to give an informal tone. Phrases like on and off. round about, pretty cold, lugging buckets of water; carting buckets of water are more cha
29、racteristic of speech than writing. One of the sentences in Paragraph 5 is quite long, i.e.,“We tried to buy a number of oil-stoves to keep these rooms warm . 一 which, of course, was a great comfort.”This sentence consists of no less than eight clauses and is rather loose in structure. However, the
30、ideas conveyed in this sentence are not really complicated.4. The writer adopts a dry, ironic and self-mocking tone towards the difficulties of this harsh winter. (Irony is a kind of writing technique in which words or actions are seen as conveying the opposite of their surface significance.) The ir
31、onic humour in the passage helps to grip the readers interest. The writers sense of humour, which is kept under all circumstances, can be seen in the following instances.1) The writer uses personification to portray the heating system as if it were human. Our heating system proved both inadequate an
32、d unco-operative. . unco-operative because occasionally it simply went on strike? ExercisesExplain the following in your own words.1. We live in the depths of the country.We live somewhere in the countryside which is a long way from any town.2. It fell silently and relentlessly in large soft flakes
33、until every ugly patch and corner of our rather rambling garden was smoothed over and had become a spotless white canopy.Large, soft flakes of snow fell heavily but quietly; as a result, our garden, which was overgrown with plants and which was dirty and untidy in places, looked very smooth, like a
34、completely clean white sheet. 3. It was now, when the garden was all churned up and of a dirty grey colour, that a severe frost set in, hardening the snow into ugly lumps of grimy concrete. After the children had had snowball fights in the garden, the snow turned into slush and its colour became a d
35、irty grey. Just then it became severely cold and the snow froze hard and looked like large pieces of dirty concrete.4. . and most of the windows made a whistling stream of cold air come through.A draught came through the small openings / the cracks in most of the windows with a shrill sound. 5. Alth
36、ough there were more on order they were unlikely to be delivered until the spring - which of course, was a great comfort.Although the shopkeeper had ordered more oil-stoves, perhaps they would not be coming until spring. This did not make us feel any better. Here the writer implies that “things“ as
37、well as nature are ganging up on him to make life as unpleasant as possible.2) He uses an ironic understatement to suggest that he can retain his sense of humour in the face of his sons obvious stupidity. . and our youngest son - not the most intelligent of youths 一 promptly took it all the way back
38、 to the farm.”He employs ironic overstatement to show that he can smile at his troubles. The plumber undoubtedly saved us from drowning. I have been devoted to plumbers ever since.”Text IIText HA January WindNoteswhere lichen makes strange hieroglyphics where lichen growing there forms strange patte
39、rns1. In the cold of a lonely night late at night when it is cold and quiet. and stay there muttering of ice and snowbanks and deep-frozen ponds and stay there prophesying the coming of ice and snowbanks and deep-frozen pondsText IIB Ode to AutumnNotes1. “Ode to AutumnThe poem is written in a three-
40、stanza structure with a variable rhyme scheme. Each stanza is eleven lines long. In terms of the rhyme scheme, each stanza is divided into two parts. In each stanza, the first part is made up of the first four lines of the stanza, and the second part is made up of the last seven lines. The first par
41、t of each stanza follows an AB AB rhyme scheme, the first line rhyming with the third, and the second line rhyming with the fourth. The second part of each stanza is longer and varies in rhyme scheme: The first stanza is arranged CDEDCCE, and the second and third stanzas are arranged CDECDDE. An ode
42、 is a type of poem that expresses noble feelings to a person, a place or a thing.2. The first stanza describes the taste of Autumn. With the help of the sun, Autumn ripens fruits and causes the late flowers to bloom.3. The second stanza describes the sights of Autumn. Autumn is compared to a female
43、goddess, often seen sitting on the granary floor, her hair “soft-lifted“ by the wind, and often seen sleeping in the fields or watching a cyder-press squeezing the juice from apples.4. The third stanza describes the sounds of Autumn. The poet tells Autumn not to wonder where the songs of spring have
44、 gone, but instead to listen to her own music: at twilight, the ysmall gnats“ hum above the sallows of the river, lifted and dropped by the wind, and full-grown lambs“ bleat from the hills, crickets sing, robins whistle from the garden, and swallows, gathering for their coming migration, sing from t
45、he skies.Oral WorkRole-play1. Interaction Activities1. Role-playMy Favourite SeasonSituation:Two students of English, Zhang and Li, talk about their favourite season in the year. Zhang likes spring best while Li prefers autumn.Sample role cards:Zhang: In your opinion, no season can be compared with
46、spring. After a long winter, everything comes back to life. Leaves turn green, flowers bloom, and people are restless. It is the best time for people to go for an outing. You think that it is possible to compare spring to youth. To you, autumn often reminds people of the winter that is to come immed
47、iately before spring.Li: You like autumn best, because it is in this season that one reaps what one sowed in spring or summer. It symbolizes maturity and harvest. In your opinion, there is too much rain in spring, and, as you come from Beijing, you think it is too windy in that season.Sentence frame
48、s that might be used by an interviewer:As far as Im concerned, the best.From my point of view, the best.Fd go for . because .rd much prefer . because . is preferable because .Id rather have . because .2. Interaction ActivitiesWhich Text Appeals to Me MoreText I and Text IIA in this unit are both very short, one being a narrative with many descriptive details and the other a purely descriptive passage. One of them may have reminded you of some unforgettable events that you experienced in the past and the other may awaken your feelings for the beauty in nature.