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1、备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识十语篇能力双清(通用版)1细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信 息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我 们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：(1) 殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；(2) .以是非题的形式。true/false, not true/false或EXCEPT,近年这种题型较少；(
2、3) According to开头提问方式；(4) 填空题的形式，如：(5) ) To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised .(6) By the first sentence of the passage author means that .(7) It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on.(8) If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be, you may visit.(9
3、) The policemen were told to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that (10) The ooliceman who said Good evening“ to Rolls wanted to .5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养 自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方 法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或
4、细节，就要恰当地运用略 读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运 用扫读 法(Scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点： (1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容；(3)与原文的内容极其相 似，只是在程度上有些变动；(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获 取信息。同时还
5、要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候(做判断、推断或结论的时候)能够准确而迅速地Scientists studied sun bears in the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre. They found that although sun bears mostly live alone, they have developed a surprising social skill. They can copy （模仿）other SUn bears* facial expressions （面 部表情）as a form of communicatio
6、n. They can even copy exact muscular （肌肉的）movements that other sun bears makesuch as making a face.The ability to copy facial expressions is found in humans, gorillas （大猩猩），some monkeys and some other animals. But until now, only humans and gorillas have the ability to exactly copy facial expression
7、s. However, scientists found that sun bears can copy facial expressions as well as humans and gorillas. This surprised them because sun bears are alone and they have no close relationship with human beings.Although they live alone in the wild, the sun bears in the study often played gently with each
8、 other. Sometimes they played with faster actions such as hitting and biting. Scientists are still not sure what messages the sun bears were sending to one another.5. According to the passage, where do sun bears usually live?A. In caves.B. In trees.C. By the river. D. On the ice.6. From the passage,
9、 we can learn something about sun bears EXCEPT that .A. they like to live alone in the wild and only eat animalsB. they can copy other sUn bears facial expressions for communicationC. they can copy exact muscular movements of other sun bearsD. they have no close relationship with human beings7. Whic
10、h of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. A warm home on the earthB. A brave animal in the forestC. A new friend of human beingsD. A surprising social skill of sun bears3Life is speeding Up. Everyone is getting Unwell.”This may sound like something someone would say today. But in
11、 fact, an unknown person who lived in Rome in AD （公元）53 wrote it.developments really improved the quality of our lives?Picture this. Youre rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is g
12、etting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How happy do you feel?Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave up feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away f
13、rom noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they live simpler lives.One family in the UK went “back in time“ to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grands
14、ons Benjamin, 10 and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave （微波炉）,computer or mobile phones.The grandmother, Lyn, said, The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes. The boys said they fought less. Probably, they said, because there was less
15、 to fight over, such as their computer. Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a trendy （赶时髦的），beer-drinking granny，to one who cooked things.8. In the passage the writer describes a picture to show that new inventions .A. have speeded up our livesB. have improved the quali
16、ty of our livesC. may make people feel very happyD. may bring people some trouble9. The family chose to spend some time in a 1940s house because .A. they loved to live simple livesB. they wanted to know how people lived without modern inventionsC. they were troubled by modern inventionsD. living in
17、a different time would be a lot of fun for them10. According to the passage, which is NOT right?A. People who live far away from noisy cities often seem to be happier.B. An unknown Roman was sure that the quality of life would get better.C. The family had some changes when they lived in a 1940s hous
18、e.D. With the improvement of our lives, we often feel stressed and tired.4Have you seen Avatar （阿凡达）? Ifs a popular 3D movie, and you may have to wear 3D glasses to see it.The 3D glasses make the images （图像）from the movie look as if they were coming straight towards you.More and more 3D movies are c
19、oming to theaters. Some say that 3D TV sets will come into our homes in the near future. 3D technology can make TV and movies more exciting. However, people with eye problems may get headaches if they spend too much time watching 3D movies. Why?When we look at an object （物体）,each eye sees it at a di
20、fferent angle （角度）.Our eyes send the two images to our brain （大月齿）,and the brain puts them together. 3D technology uses two film projectors （投影机）.One projects a left-eye-image and the other projects a right-eye-image. 3D glasses allow us to see a different image in each eye. So, when we are watching
21、 a 3D movie, our brain cant put together the images sent to our eyes. The brain needs to work harder at reading the images. That makes it easier for people with eye problems to get dizzy （头晕的） or have headaches. A famous eye doctor said if your eyes cant focus （聚焦）on the same object at once, you wil
22、l have trouble watching 3D movies.11. The 3D glasses can make the images from the movie .A. look more beautiful than usualB. look as if they were coming straight towards youC. look as if they were far away from youD. look more clear than usual12. People will have in their homes in the near future.A.
23、 3D computers B. 3D phonesC. 3D moviesD. 3D TV sets13. When we look at an object,.A. each eye sees the object at the same angleB. our brain puts the two different pictures togetherC. there will be two film projectors in our eyesD. our brain cant put together the images sent to our eyes5Everyone has
24、got two personalities （性格）一the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You dont show your secret personality when youre awake because you can control your behavior, but when you9re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. At night, of course, people frequently
25、 change their positions The important position is the one that you go to sleep in （入睡）.If you go to sleep on your back, youre a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don5t like to displease people, so you never express your real feelings. Youre q
26、uiteIf you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and youre always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions, but you dont raise your hopes too much. You usually live for today not for tomoiTow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.If you curl up
27、(蜷缩) when sleeping, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so youre often defensive. Youre Shy and you dont normally like meeting people. YoU prefer to be on your own. Youre easily hurt.If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personalit
28、y. You know your strengths and weaknesses. Youre usually careful. You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious, but you dont often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes other people rather angry.14. You may find the passage in .A. a science magazineB. a guidebookC. a sports
29、newspaperD. a storybook15. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?A. In the daytime.B. At the beginning of sleep.C. At night.D. During the deep sleep.16. Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends. She probably goes to sleep .A. curled upB. on her stomachC. on her backD.
30、 on her side17. What does the underlined word defensive“ mean in the passage?A.易怒的B.攻击性的C.外向的D.有戒心的18. What does the passage tell us?A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.C. Sleeping positions show peoples secret personalities.D. Enou
31、gh sleep makes people look better and healthier.6European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust. The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in moon exploration activities in the future. Researchers from theFnronean Snnce Aen
32、cv ( FSA ) carried out the exneriments; and renorted their resiiiks; in a study.The team says ESAs experimental “plant“ was able to successfully produce oxygen from simulated moon dust. The dust is part of a material known as regolith, which holds about 45 percent oxygen. However, the oxygens form i
33、s very strange, so it is hard to produce.ESAs long -term goal is to design an oxygen -producing pilot plant“ to work fulltime on the moon. Beth Lomax of the University of Glasgow was a lead researcher on the project. Being able to get oxygen from resources found on the moon would certainly be hugely
34、 useful for future lunar settlers/5 she said.The researchers reported that the process also produced some usable metal materials. ESA researcher Alexandre said the finding that a number of metals are left behind was an important discoveiy.ESA and the U. S. space agency NASA are both working on plans
35、 to return human beings to the moon. NASA has set a goal for 2024, with the aim to keep humans on the moon for long periods.Word Banksimulated 仿造的；mineral 矿物质；regolith 月壤；lunar settlers 月 球移民；moon dust 月 尘；19. How will the process do good to humans according to the study?A. By creating warm air for
36、researchers on the moon. B. By providing rocks for the production of minerals.C. By testing the weight of the oxygen in the moon dust.D. By offering oxygen for people doing some research on the moon.20. What makes oxygen difficult to produce during the ESAs experiment?A. The quality is poor.B. The s
37、ize is small.C. The form is uncommon.D. The weight is heavy.21. Why does the author mention Beth Lomaxs words in the third paragraph?A. To show the history of ESAs pilot plant.B. To show the importance of ESAs study.C. To tell the plan of ESAs research.D. To present the process of ESAs experiment.22
38、. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. ESA has discovered new materials on the moon.B. ESA and NASA plan to land man on the moon again.C. NASA will send more astronauts to the moon in 2024.D. NASA and ESA will make a study together on the moon.23. Where is the text most probably from?A. A mo
39、vie poster.B. A picture book.C. A travel guide.D. A science magazine.7Arent mobile phone, e-mail and voice mail supposed to help us communicate more easily? Sadly, thats not always the case. Take the other day for example: when I was walking through the park with my friend, suddenly his mobile phone
40、 rang and he answered it-leaving me alone and cutting our conversation dead! In fact, the park was filled with people talking on their mobile phones. They were passing other people without even looking at them, or stopping to walk their dogs. Clearly, people can use mobile phones everywhere, but the
41、y ignore the people around.Why is it that the more connected We get, the more disconnected I feel? New communication technology seems to keep away from each other. With e-mail over the Internet, we can communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With WeChat or QQ, you can have conversation
42、s without even meeting that person. Even some food stores are using selfscanners so that you can check yourself out. As the contact between human beings becomes automated, my feeling of being disconnected gets stronger. Dont get me wrong. Tm not against machines. I also own a mobile phone, a QQ, a W
43、eChat and an e-mail account. Giving them up isnt a good idea, as they are useful to have around. Its just that when they keep us away from human contact, I begin to feel sad. Moreover, I find myself answering e-mail instead of talking to people. The technology that was made to help keep us in contac
44、t with each other is, in fact, making me feel more lonely.What is to be done? Well, try to use less technology: no e-mailing people who live nearby, and no letting QQ and WeChat catch you all the time.24. The purpose of the example in Paragraph 1 is to show that.A. mobile phones bring a lot of conve
45、nience to peopleB. mobile phones result in ignoring the others aroundC. people communicate more easily with mobile phonesD. people are good at using mobile phones in their daily life25. The underlined word “disconnected” in Paragraph 2 probably meansA. lonelyB. satisfiedC. stupidD. interested26. It
46、can be inferred from Passage 2 that.A. technology keeps people busier than beforeB. technology is always useful to have aroundC. the writer is going to give up the mobile phoneD. the writer would like to contact people face to face27. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Technology and Human Li
47、feB. The Importance of TechnologyC. Technology and Human ContactD. The Development of Technology8Word Banker English-Chinese is a kind of software （软件） which allows users to practice their Chinese vocabulary in several different ways. Although the program isnt the most convenient one youve ever used
48、, it can help improve your Chinese vocabulary.The programs interface （界面）isnt very attractive so many people don*t like it when they first see it. Also, it can sometimes be hard to operate （操作）.Each function （功能）holds a window, but if you close the window, it will take you back to the main menu or close the program. But if you continue using the program, you will find there are several useful exercises in it. Users can read a word or phrase （词组）in English and then click （点击）on the matching word in Chinese, hear the Chinese