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1、备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)定语从句I.定语从句引导词定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的 词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与 先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关 系 代 词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which 和 that 在从 句中做宾语时,常可以省 略,但介词提前时后面关 系代词不能省略,也不可 以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.
2、Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人或 物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人或 物主语,宾 语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语
3、,宾 语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人或 物主语,宾 语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关 系 副when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on whichwhere地点地点状语This
4、is the house where I was born.可用 in which8. C【解析】句意:你认识那个正在帮助老人的女孩吗?哦,那是我的妹妹。考查定语从句。who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom关系代词,先行词指人,在从 句中作宾语;which关系代词,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose关系代词,先行词指人或物, 在从句中作定语;句子先行词是the girl,指人,其在定语从句中作主语,关系代词需要用that/who,故选C。9. B【解析】句意:我们需要一位能说一口流利英语的导游。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是人guide,关系词在从句中作主
5、语,用who引导定语从句。故选 BoD【解析】句意:你看过那部关于外星人的电影吗?考查定语从句。先行词movie是指物,在从句中作主语,用which或that引导定语从句,故选D。10. B【解析】句意:这是一个可以帮助贫困儿童的组织。考查关系词辨析。who谁;which哪个;where在哪里;when什么时候。先行词organization”指物,关系词 应用which,在从句中作主语。故选B。11. A【解析】句意:这就是你昨天遇到的那个女孩吗?考查定语从句。whom指人,在从句中作宾语;whose谁的,在从句中作定语;which指物,在从句中作主 语或宾语;what不引导定语从句。先行词
6、girl指人,且在从句做met的宾语,应用whom,故选A。12. C【解析】句意:我们跟踪汽车在草地上留下的痕迹。考查定语从句。mark作名词,意为“记号”,作动词意为“做标记that是定语从句引导词,所以空处应是先 行词,先行词一般是名词或代词,排除BD选项。其次,此处特指汽车在草地上留下的痕迹,应用定冠词the 修饰名词,故选CoC【解析】句意:我是那种必须离开家乡去大城市工作的人。考查关系词辨析。which哪个;whom谁,who的宾格;who谁;whose谁的。定语从句先行词“people”指人,且在从句中作主语,关系词应用who。故选C。13. C【解析】句意:我们青少年应该尊敬那
7、些努力保护我们国家的英雄们。我也这样认为。考查定语从句。what什么,不引导定语从句;which在定语从句中指代物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who 在定语从句中指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose在定语从句中指人或物,在从句中作定语。根据“the heroestry to protect our country.”可知,此处指人,且在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。故选C。14. B【解析】句意: 你认识福建屏南的陈向荣吗? 是的,他是保卫我们国家的英雄。考查定语从句。what不能引导定语从句;who关系代词,指人,作主语或宾语;whom关系代词,指人,作 宾语;which关系代词,指物,
8、作主语或宾语。句子先行词是hero,指人,在从句中作主语,应用who引 导,故选B。15. B【解析】句意:你看过电视剧大江大河吗? 看过。这是最受欢迎的电视剧,让人们了解改革 开放政策。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词TVplay”是物,且关系词在从句中作主语,用that引导定语从句。 故选BoC【解析】句意:王亚平是我们国家的骄傲。是的!她是在宇宙飞船上教我们科学知识的第一个女 宇航员。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,引导词在从句中作主语、且指代人,用Who引导。故选C。16. A【解析】句意:现在,很多孩子对孤勇者这首歌很感兴趣。为什么? 也许他们认为这是一首 歌词和节奏都很棒的歌。考
9、查定语从句。which哪一个;who谁;where在哪里;what什么。此处是定语从句,先行词song是指物, 在从句中作主语,用which引导定语从句,故选A。17. A【解析】句意:现在,中国是少数几个能够生产大量新冠疫苗的国家之一。考查定语从句。that无实义;who谁;where在哪里;when何时。根据先行词为“nations”,且先行词前有one of修饰,所以关系词应用that。故选A。18. B【解析】句意:一一你喜欢什么样的工作? 哦,我更喜欢那种可以让我们的城市变得更加漂亮的工作。 考查定语从句。what什么,不可引导定语从句;which指代物,关系代词;whose谁的,表
10、示所属关系,关 系代词;who指代人,关系代词。the job为名词,后接修饰它的定语从句,从句中缺少主语,说明引导词 既指代物,又在从句中充当主语,因此应用which来引导定语从句。故选B。19. A【解析】句意:一一我们为我们国家这些年发生的巨大变化感到自豪。是的,许多村庄都呈现出新的 面貌。考查定语从句关系词。先行词the great changes”指物,在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选A。20. D【解析】句意:目前,年轻人更喜欢微信与朋友保持联系。对。这似乎是人们喜欢的最好的沟通 方式。考查定语从句。which指物,作主宾表;what不能引导定语从句;who指人,作主宾
11、表;that指人或物,作 主宾表。根据the best way of communicationpeople like”可知,先行词way”指物,在从句中作“like”的宾语, 它被最高级“best”修饰,此时只能用that引导从句。故选D。21. C【解析】句意:我们在夏令营的难忘经历使我们成长。考查定语从句。who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose关系代词,先行词指人或物, 在从句中作定语;whom关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;which关系代词,先行词指物,在从句 中作主语或宾语;句子先行词是“experience,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用which/tha
12、t引导,故选C。22. C【解析】句意:你喜欢这本小说吗? 是的,我喜欢。这是我读了三遍的第一本书。考查定语从句。who指人,作主宾表;when指时间,作状语;that指人或物,作主宾表;this不能引导定语 从句。先行词是“one”,指代小说,在从句中作read的宾语,且被序数词first修饰,此时只能用that引导从 句。故选C。23. A【解析】句意:正在踢足球的那个男孩是志愿者。他帮了很多忙。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词boy是指人,在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句,故选A。24. A【解析】句意:我叔叔买给我作为生日礼物的CD是我最喜欢的。考查定语从句。此句为定语从句,先
13、行词The CD表示物,连接词在从句中作宾语,应用which引导定语 从句,故选A。25. C【解析】句意:这里的许多人都喜欢这个美丽的公园,那里满是五颜六色的花。考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句,先行词park表示事物,分析句子结构,定语从句缺少主语,因此用关 系代词which,故选CoD【解析】句意:我喜欢关于有权势和成功人士的书。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词books指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系词which来引导定语从句。 故选DoA【解析】句意:我真的很佩服那些能帮助有困难的人的志愿者。考查定语从句的关系代词。关系词who/whom引导定语从句,先行词是人,who在定语从句作主
14、语,whom 在定语从句作宾语;which引导定语从句,先行词是物;what不可引导定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词 “those volunteers”是人,且关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用who引导此定语从句。故选A。26. A【解析】句意:我听说抗疫表彰会4月26日在兰州召开。是的。我真的很敬佩那些在甘肃取得巨 大成就的英雄考查定语从句。who指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;which指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;where 关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语;whose在定语从句中作定语。先行词heroes英雄”指的是人,定语从 句have made great achieveme
15、nts”缺主语,关系代词用“who。故选 A。27. B【解析】句意:珍妮,我昨晚跟我妈妈顶嘴了。我该怎么办? 你应该说对不起。父母是世界上最 爱你的人。考查定语从句和形容词最高级。根据定语从句先行词为“people”,且从句缺主语可知,引导词用who;根据 “in the world”可知,从句表达最爱你的人,故用最高级best。故选B。28. D【解析】句意:你知道被誉为“感动中国人物”之一的张桂梅吗? 是的,她为山区女孩创建了第一 所免费高中,并帮助1800多名学生上了大学。考查定语从句关系词。which哪一个;whose谁的;whom谁,作宾语;who谁,作主语。根据Do you kn
16、ow Zhang Guimei. was honored as one of the People Who Moved China9 ”可知,该句为定语从句,先行词指人, 且从句缺少主语,故关系词应用who。故选D。29. A【解析】句意:机会属于不断尝试的人。只要你继续努力,你迟早会获得巨大的成功。考查定语从句。根据“Chances belong to those”可知,此处是定语从句,先行词those”指人,且在句中作主语, 用引导词who。故选A。30. D【解析】句意:袁隆平是我非常尊敬的最伟大的科学家之一。考查定语从句。分析句子可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是scientists,指
17、人,且被最高级修饰,关系代词 只能用that。故选D。31. C【解析】句意:你佩服张文宏医生吗? 当然!他是一位专业而幽默的善良医生。考查定语从句。根据“He is a kind-hearted doctor”可知,此处是定语从句,先行词doctor”是人,在从句中作 主语,用引导词who。故选C。32. A【解析】句意:你找到昨天在出租车上丢失的手机了吗? 还没有。我将不得不买一部新的(手机)。 考查定语从句。which指代物,在从句中可以作主语,宾语,表语;what不能引导定语从句;who指代人, 在从句中可以作主语,宾语;where指地点,在从句中作状语。本句中先行词为“phone”,
18、物,从句缺宾语, 故用which来引导。故选A。33. A【解析】句意:妈妈在等待。我们现在可以出发了吗?等一下。我找不到我上周买的鞋了。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是“the shoes”,指物,引导词在从句中作宾语,所以用that或which, 结合选项,故选A。34. A【解析】句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是物,且先行词前有the first修饰,引导词在从句中作宾语,故选Ao35. D【解析】句意:冰壶是一项在中国越来越流行的冬季运动。考查定语从句。Which指物,在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语;wh。指人,在引导
19、的定语从句中作主语或 宾语;where是地点,在引导的定语从句中作状语;what不能引导定语从句。本题中定语从句缺主语,先行 词又是sport,故用which引导。故选D。二、136. put 42. However 43. me 44. met#saw 45. at 46. sisters 47. a 48. surprised 49. and 50. plan【解析】本文主要讲述了“我”的妈妈将一个经常对“我”恶作剧的小女孩变成了“我”的朋友的故事。37. 句意:然后,我的鞋就掉了,当我停下来穿鞋时,米尔德丽德会迅速地打我的后背,然后跑开。根据“my shoe was off,可知,停下来
20、是穿鞋,puton”穿上to后跟动词原形。故填put。38. 句意:然而,我妈妈告诉我不要担心,并说她有一个计划。空前空后在句意上是转折关系,空后且有逗 号隔开,所以应用however表示转折。故填However。39. 句意:第二天早上,我妈妈和我一起步行去学校。根据“we”可知,此处指妈妈和我,with是介词,其后 跟宾格me。故填meo句意:我们刚到学校,就遇到/看见了米尔德丽德。根据Hello, Mildred,”可知,应是见面了,see“看 见”/meet“遇见”都符合语境,由got可知,空处用动词过去式。故填met/saw。40. 句意:我妈妈一开始什么也没说。at firs俨起先
21、。固定短语,符合语境。故填at。41. 句意:艾米没有兄弟姐妹。根据brothers”可知,对应的应是sisters。故填sisters。42. 句意:她在学校需要一个好朋友。friend在这里是单数形式,所以空处应用不定冠词修饰,good是以辅 音音素开头的单词,所以用a,故填a。43. 句意:米尔德丽德很惊讶,因为她认为母亲不会说出这些话。根据“because she didnt think my mother would speak these words.可知,她听后应该很惊讶,surprised“惊讶的”,形容词作表语。故填surprised。44. 句意:然后她拥抱了我们,离开了,
22、好像什么都没发生过。“hugged (拥抱)us”和“left”之间是并列关 系,用and连接。故填and。45. 句意:我当时不明白我妈妈的计划。根据上文my mom told me not to worry and said that she had a plan. 可知,此处指不明白妈妈的计划,故填plan。246. a 52. idea 53. because 54. party 55. available 56. at 57. However 58. leaving 59. her 60. give【解析】本文讲述了 David的同学为Steen女士举办告别派对的事情。51 .句意:
23、他计划为Steen女士举办一个告别派对,以表示感谢。空处修饰其后的单数名词party,表示泛指 “一个派对“,应用不定冠词,goodbye是辅音音素开头的单词,应用a修饰,故填a。52 .句意:何伟认为这是个好主意。根据“He planned to have.goodbye party for Ms. Steen to show his thanks” 可知,这是个好主意,空前有a修饰,名词用单数形式,故填idea。53 .句意:他非常喜欢Steen女士,因为她帮助他提高了他的英语水平。空格前后句之间是因果关系,属于 “前果后因”的结构,此处应用because引导原因状语从句,故填becaus
24、e。54 .句意:他还可以帮忙把Steen女士带到派对上。根据“goodbye party”可知,把Steen女士带到派对上,故 填 party o.句意:杰克也很想来参加聚会,但他没空。根据His family is taking a trip to Wuhanthe end of this month to visit his aunt and uncle.”可知,杰克想参加,但是没有空,available”有空的,故填availableo55 .句意:他的家人将于本月底前往武汉探望他的姑姑和叔叔。at the end of结束时、故填at。56 .句意:不过,他也想帮忙准备派对,比如策划
25、游戏。空格前后是转折关系,且空格与前后隔开,应用 however 表示,故填 Howevero.句意:然后大卫写信给所有同学,告诉他们Steen女士很快就要离开了。根据“Ms. Steen, is going back to theUS.”可知,Steen女士很快要离开了,leave“离开”,空前有is,此处用现在分词形式,故填leaving。57 .句意:为了表达他们对Steen女士的感谢,他将为她举办一个惊喜派对。根据“To show their thanks for Ms. Steen, he is going to have a surprise party for”可知,此处指代的是
26、“Ms. SteerT,应用代词表示,介词后接宾语, 应用宾格形式,故填her。58 .句意:他希望所有的同学都能来帮忙。根据a helping hand”可知,此处指的是“帮助,give sb a hand 帮 助某人。情态动词后接动词原形,故填give。359 . a 62. at 63. if 64. his 65. and 66. available 67. exam 68. hard 69. leave 70. wait【解析】本文讲述了杰夫的表弟是山姆要来,杰夫邀请尼克取他家的情况。60 .句意:尼克穿着一件红色T恤,骑着自行车。此处表示泛指“一件”,用不定冠词,red是辅音音素开
27、头 的单词,应用a修饰,故填a。61 .句意:他总是在下午五点半放学后骑车回家。具体的钟点前用介词at,故填at。62 .句意:杰夫问尼克周六是否能来他家。根据“he can come to his house on Saturday”可知,此处是问“能否 来”,应用if引导宾语从句,故填if。63 .句意:杰夫说他西安的表弟山姆也会在,他想和他们一起出去玩。此处指代的是“Jeff的表弟”,应用形 容词性物主代词his代替,故填hiso.句意:尼克记得杰夫的表弟是山姆,去年秋天山姆拜访杰夫时,他们一起去骑自行车。空格前后是并列 关系,应用and连接,故填and。64 .句意:尼克说他很愿意来,
28、但星期一他没空。根据Because he must prepare for a(n).The exam is difficult” 可知,他没有空,此处用形容词available作表语,故填available。65 .句意:因为他必须准备考试。根据The exam is difficult”可知,此处指的是“有一场考试,故填exam。66 .句意:考试很难,这些天他必须努力学习。根据“The exam is difficult”可知,他必须要努力学习,故填 hardo.句意:杰夫认为这很糟糕,但山姆要到下周三才能离开。根据So he invites Nick to hang out with
29、them on Monday night.“可知,Sam不会离开,直到下周三,故填leave。67 .句意:尼克说这太棒了,他迫不及待地想见到山姆。根据Nick says it is great and he cannotto see Sam.” 可知,他迫不及待的想见到山姆,carft wait to do sth“迫不及待的做某事”,是固定短语,故填wait。词why原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用 for whichIL that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别情况用法说明例句只
30、用that的情况1 .先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时2 .先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时3 .先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰 时4 .先行词既指人又指物时5 .先行词被the only, the very修饰时6 .句中已经有who或which时,为了避 免重复口寸1 .He told me everything that he knows.2 .A11 the books that you offered has
31、 been given out.3 .This is the best film that I have ever read.4 .We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5 .He is the only man that I want to see.6 .Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom 的 情况1 .在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which 指代物,用who/whom指人2 .在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从 句中,只能用which
32、指物,whom指人。3 .先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用whool.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2.1 like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as which 和 that 的区另ij从句区另例句限制性 定语从句中名词前后such和the same修饰时,关 系代词用as,不能用w
33、hichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand.非限制性 定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主 句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并 可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面, 那么用as;而which引导的从句只能 放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film s
34、tar in the 1980s.the same. as 和 the same .thatthe same. as指同类事物the samethat指原物Thats the same tool as I used last week.(同类工具, 不是同一把)Thats the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上 周用过的工具。注意:the way做先行词时,定语从句可由that, in which引导或不用引导词。IV.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别类另U区别例句定语从句定语从句与并列句的主要区别在Mr Li has three daughters
35、, none ofis an engineer.与 并列句于:并列句后像and, but, so等并 列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这 时就不能再用引导定语从句的关 系词了。Mr Li has three daughters, but none ofis a dancer.从结构上看,小题是定语从句,故填whom;小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词themo定语从句 与 状语从句定语从句的前面有名词作先行词, 而状语从句没有先行词。This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.这是几年前我们居住的地方。(定语从句,先行词为t
36、heplace)Lets go where we can find a better job.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词, 只能放在先行词的后面,而状语从 句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以 放在主句的前面。Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课 的时间吗?(定语从句)It was already five oclock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 当下课时
37、己经是5点了。(时间状语从句)When, where和why在引导定语从 句时可以用“介词+ which”的结构 来替换,在引导状语从句时却不 行。This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句) Put back the book where it was.把书放回原处。(状语从句)定语从句中的关系词在从句中充 当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从 句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中 的连接词在从句中不作任何成分, 去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。It is such an intere
38、sting book as we all like.它是我们大家 都喜欢的如此有趣的书。(as用作动词like的宾语,它引导的是定语从句)It is such an interesting book that we all like it.它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都喜欢它。(that不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句)定语从句 与 同位语从 句定语从句在复合句中相当于形容 词,对先行词起修饰、描述或限制 的作用,与先行词之间有从属关 系。同位语的作用相当于名词,对 前面的名词给予补充说明或进一 步解释,是前面名词的具体内容, 与先行词之间是同位关系。The news that sh
39、e had passed the exam made her parents very happy.她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。(同位语从句) 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam可以改写成表语从句:The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句)The news that he told us是定语从句,此句不能改写为: The news is that he told
40、 us.定语从句 与 强调句强调句的结构为“It is/ was+被强 调部分+that+从句:被强调部分 可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当 被强调部分是人时,还可用who代 替thato这一句型中,一定不能因 为被强调部分是表时间或地点的 词就用when或where代替thatoIt is on the morning of May 1stI met Liang Wei atthe airport.(Dlt is the factoryMr Wang works.从结构上看:小题是强调句,故填thato小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知the factory前 差个介词in,故填whereo
41、知识强化一、单项选择you had made in the meeting just now?1. Could you tell me the result of the discussionA. whoA. whoB. whenC. howD. that2. As we all know, a doctor is a person looks after peoples health.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom3. The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients are hundreds of kilomet
42、ers away.一Its really amazing.A. whatB. whomC. whoseD. who一Look! That is the woman I met yesterday.一Oh? Shes my aunt.A. whatB. whomC. whereD. whenIs this the machine can help the disabled people?A. whoB. whichC. whatD. whenThe man is wearing a blue hat is my father.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. whatDo you
43、know who Su Bingtian is?Yes, he is a famous runner set the new Asian record of 9.83 second in mens 100-meter race at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whichDo you know the girl is helping the old woman?Oh, thats my sister.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. whichWe need a guide can speak English w
44、ell.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whomHave you watched the movie is about the aliens?A. whoB. whatC. whomD. whichWs an organization can help poor children.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. whenIs this the girl you met yesterday?A. whomB. whoseC. whichD. whatWe follow that car has left in the grass.A. markB. markin
45、gC. the marksD. to markIm one of those people must leave hometowns for the big cities where they work.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. whose一We teenager should look up to the heroes try to protect our country.一I think so.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. whose一 Have you heard of Chen Xiangrong from Pingnan, Fujian Pro
46、vince?一 Yes, he is a hero guarded our nation.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. which一Have you watched the TV play Like a Flowing Rive产?一Yes. Ifs the most popular TV play makes people know about the reform and opening-up policy.A. whereB. thatC. whatD. whom一Wang Yaping is the pride of our country!一Yes! She is t
47、he first woman astronaut taught us science at the space ship.A. whereB. whomC. whoD. whichThese days, many kids are very interested in the song Lonely Warriors. Why?一Maybe they think its a song has great lyrics and rhrhythm.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whatNow China is one of the few nations can produce a large number of COVTD-19 vaccines (疫苗).A. thatB. whoC. whereD. when一What kind of job do you like?