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1、备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识十语篇能力双清(通用版)语篇理解之词义猜测题英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类:(1)旧词新义，考杳词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nations most famous car race is held each year on May 301h.我们学过course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。 根据上下文course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。
2、(2)合成词、转 化词与派生词，如 shoplifting, heartbroken, computer-literate, decision-thinking, imperfect 等；(3)“灵活” 的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；(4) “新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称 增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景(5)超纲生词。猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是中考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下 文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因 果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。近年来，词义猜测
3、题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材 背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几 年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语 法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。【命题趋势】1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟 词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定 词义的具体内容。3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻
4、辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物 之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【设问形式】The underlined word ” in the sccond(third-) paragraph refers to(means).By saying ” in the first(second,) paragraph, the author means that.longer than those who have a more negative opinion to life. It showed the possibility of positive people living to the a
5、ge of 85 or more. So, maybe the thought of a longer life might encourage you to be more positive to life.The study found that optimists may find it easier to control feelings and get less stressed. And as stress influences the immune system（免疫系统），its possible that optimists deal better with illness.
6、 Professor Lee, who worked on the study, said, “Our findings suggest that raising levels of optimism may lead to longer life and healthier ageing., And she advises that pessimists （悲观主义者）could get better from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.But a glass half empty
7、 type of person can hardly see the world through hopcfi.il glasses. If you,re the one among them, what could you do? Accepting that we all have problems and were not all the same can help. Its best to celebrate the positives and not think about the negative parts of our lives.People have been sharin
8、g their personal advice on keeping a positive way to life. Vicki Siska says, “Music feeds my soul, and I have good friends who care fbr me.” The saying goes that “a healthy body leads a healthy mind“ which is perhaps why other people have advised doing deep thinking as well as staying healthy to hel
9、p keep a positive opinion about life.16. From Paragraphs I & 2, we can learn that.A. negative opinions lead to bad endingsB.being positive isnt as easy as we thoughtC. ”be positivc is enjoyed by pessimistsD.optimistic people like to have a long life17. According to Paragraph 3, the study found that.
10、A. optimists usually get more stressedB.pessimists are impossible to live longC. optimists are easy to develop illnessD.positive imagining is good fbr pessimists18. The underlined part “glass half empty“ in Paragraph 4 probably means.A. negativeB. strongC. helpfulD. outgoingAccording to the passage,
11、 which of the following is TRUE?A. The study found that pessimists could live （o be 85 or a higher age.B. Optimists arc seldom ill because they have a good immune system.C. Pessimists arc those unlucky people who always have problems.D. Positive opinions about life might lead to good physical health
12、.19. The passage mainly tells us.A. to have a long lifeB. to treat life positivelyC. the importance of healthD. what optimists and pessimists are55Elephants are the largest land animals alive （oday. African elephants live in family groups called herds. All of the elephants in the herd take care of e
13、ach other. The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant. She is the matriarch. A herd may have as few as eight or as many as 100 elephants. The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to guard the family if danger appears. Adult male elephants go off to live on their own and s
14、tart families.Elephants learn by watching and copying other elephants, and from life. Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about ten years old. Elephants live to be 50 or 60 years old. Elephants are intelligent animals with long memories. Even in a dry spell, a matria
15、rch can remember where water was found in （he past. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river.Elephants talk to each other with low rumbling sounds. Some rumbling sounds arc so deep that people arc unable to hear them. Elep
16、hants hear sounds with their ears, the soles of their feet, and even their trunks（象鼻.）. They also greet each other by touching with their trunks and feet. If danger appears, mothers flap their cars to call their babies to them.Other animals do not usually aitack（袭击）elephants. However, a lion might t
17、ry to attack a sick elephant or a baby. If this happens, everyone is on guard. The adult elephants circle around the baby elephants. The adults make loud trumpeting sounds and hit the ground with their trunks. The matriarch puts herself between the lion and the herd. She flaps her ears out to make h
18、erself look even larger. Then she lowers her head and charges the enemy in a big cloud of dust.20. According to Paragraphs 1 & 2, the matriarch.A. protects the herdB. just follows the herdC. drinks water aloneD. is the oldest elephant21. Which of the following probably best explains “spell underline
19、d in Paragraph 2?A. Magician.B. Prediction.C. Period.D. Ability.22. According to Paragraph 3, how do elephants communicate with each other?A. People can hear all the sounds of elephants.B. Elephants can hear each other only with ears.C. Elephants greet each other by flapping ears.D. Elephants, trunk
20、s can be used to communicate.23. Which of （he following is TRUE according to the passage?A. No elephants take care of baby elephants at the time of danger.B. Baby elephants stay with their mothers as long as they want.C. A matriarch can find the water because of the long memory.D. When a lion attack
21、s, adult elephants circle around the matriarch.24. Whats the best title of the text?A. A Baby And A Matriarch.B. An Elephant Herd.C. A Lion And An Elephant.D. An Elephant Matriarch.6Our school held many activities last week. We called it Road Safety Week. One of the educational activities was a spee
22、ch given by a police officer. He shared something about the road safety. Here are some important points about his speech.Most traffic accidents shouldnt happen. They happen because people are careless. A freauent cause （原因）of traffic accidents is speed. Some people drive too fast. This means that if
23、 they have to stop suddenly, they cannot stop quickly enough to avoid （避免）hitting others. You need （o remember this when you are crossing the street or walking along the sidewalk （人行道）.Its not only drivers who cause accidents. However, people on fbot-pcdcstrians （行, and bicycle riders often cause ac
24、cidents, too. Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking. You should always look on both sides before stepping into （he street.Do any of you ride a bike? Bicycle riders can cause accidents by changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users. Before you turn left,
25、for example, you should check behind you to make sure there arent any cars, trucks or buses coming. You should show with your left hand to tell that you want to turn left. You should not turn until the street is clear.The rules of the road are very simple. If we learn them and obey （遵守）them, we shou
26、ld not have accidents any more. There were more other activities in Road Safety Week. I hope every student could learn something.25. Most traffic accidents shouldnt happen if.A. people are more carefulB. people dont know the rulesC. people cross the streets quicklyD. people stop their cars suddenly2
27、6. The underlined word “frequent in the passage means in Chinese.A.自由的B.罕见的C.频繁的D.所有的What shouldnt the riders do when riding bikes on the street?A. Making sure there arent any cars coming.B. Warning other road users before crossing the street.C. Showing with your right hand to tell that you want to
28、turn right.D. Changing directions suddenly or without warning other road users.27. From the police officers speech, we can learn the following except that （除 了）.A. riding bikes is the most dangerousils not only drivers who cause traffic accidentsB. some people have accidents because they drive too q
29、uicklyobeying the rules of the road may stop you from having accidents28. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A. Safety FirstB. Road Safety WeekC. How to Keep SafeD. A Discussion about Safety7Once upon a time, there was a young man called Don. One day, Don caught a large fish. A
30、s he was about to sell the fish, the fish suddenly started saying, “Please dont kill me!” Don thought to himselC 1 must be dreaming! How can a fish lalk?” The fish carried on, “You arent dreaming. I can read your mind. If you set me free, Ill gram you three wishes. Don hesitated （犹豫）for a while, but
31、 put the fish back to the sea later on.Don continued his life as a fisherman just like before. One day, he walked past a poor village after fishing. Sonic children were sitting in front of their old and broken house. They had been hungry for days. Don quickly took out ail his fish to them. He wished
32、 he could have more food for them. Suddenly, a lot of delicious food appeared on the table. While the children were sleeping after the big nieaL Don saw that their clothes were too old. Don thought, “I hope they can have new clothes and I hope they can have new furniture so that they can live comfor
33、tably.” Suddenly, the clothes on the children became new and clean. The furniture in the house became new and comfortable, too.Don remembered what the fish told him. That fish kept its word .” he said to himself.29. What did Don do for a living?A. He caught fish.B. He cooked fish.C. He made furnitur
34、e.D. He made clothes.30. What does the underlined word grant mean in Chinese?A.拒绝B.制定C.支持D.答应The fish said, . I can read your mind. What did it mean?A. The fish could read.B. The fish could speak.C. The fish knew what Don was thinking.D. The fish understood what Don wassaying.31. Which of the follow
35、ing statements about the children is NOT true?A. They had been hungry for days.B. Their house was old and broken.C. They had not slept for a long time.D. They did not have money (o buy new clothes.32. Which is the BEST tide for the passage?A. Dont kill a fishB. A fishs three wishesC. A rich fisherma
36、n and a fishD. The fishermans three wishes8You might feel full after having a big meal. But you may actually suffer from “hidden hunger”. This means that what you cat may fill your stomach, but its not giving you the proper nutrition that your body needs.This happens when food lacks the vitamins and
37、 minerals people need to stay healthy, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).At present, hidden hunger” a fleets 2 billion people worldwide, including 300 million people in China. It is most commonly seen among children and teenagers and can result in bad immune system, blindness or even
38、death, China News Service reported.Many Chinese people don,t get enough iron, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D. One main reason is that agricultural products dont have much of these nutrients. Over 40 percent of Chinas farmland is lost its vitamins and minerals, lowering the nutritional value of the
39、 crops that grow on it, according to Xinhua.Many of the processed foods that people enjoy eating today, such as chips, burgers and cookies, have made the situation worse. Vitamins and minerals area easily lost when these foods are processed. Peoples Daily noted.The human body needs 16 kinds of miner
40、als, including iron and calcium, and 13 kinds of vitamins, including vitamins A and D, to stay healthy. Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin and allow your bones to grow properly. Minerals are important for maintaining blood pressure and making new cells.In response, Chinas government has cr
41、eated several action plans to improve public health, as well as develop and promote nutritious foods.Eating more fresh nutrition-rich food like vegetables, whole grains and dairy can help us stay healthy. For vegetables like carrots and broccoli, boiling and steaming can better pre sene their nutrit
42、ion when compared to frying them, CNN suggests.Word Banknutrition 营养 immune system 免疫系统 promote 推广 preserve 保留“Hidden hunger“ happens when .A. what you eat include some fresh nutrition-rich food like vegetables.B. what you eat canl give you the proper nutrition your body need.C. what you cat fills y
43、our stomach but you still feel hungry.D. what you cat isnt a big meal.33. Which one is not the reason why people cant get proper nutrition?A. People eat too much processed foods such as chips, burgers and cookies.B. Over 40 percent of China s farmland is losing its vitamins and minerals.C. Children
44、and teenagers are in bad immune system.D. Some agricultural products dont have much.34. The underlined word “processed” means.A.污染的B.加工的C.出口的D.改进的According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?A. Vitamins may cause blindness.B. Vitamins include iron and calcium.C. Vitamins help maintain healt
45、hy eyes and skin.D. Vitamins are hardly lost when foods are processed.35. The passage probably may be taken from.A. a shopping poster B. a science report C. a guidebook D. a health magazine参考答案11. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了音乐带给人们好处，可以使人们精神愉悦，摆脱困境等。1 .细节理解题。根据文中“Singing can bring numbers
46、 of health benefits （益处）.”可知，唱歌能带来许多健康的 好处。故选A。2 .词句猜测题。根据后文“Some people say that music is like a kind of language. The language can show peoples opinions and attitudes （态度）to theirlife.”可猜测出，下划线单词expression”的汉语意思应是“表达。故选A。3 .细节理解题。根据文中Some songs can make people happy and excited. Thats why the Voic
47、e of China is popular among people.”可知，中国好声音如此受欢迎是因为有些歌曲让人们开心和兴奋。故选B。4 .细节理解题。根据文中“They dont like singing and they say singing can never make them happy.”可知,有些 人不喜欢唱歌是正确的。故选B。5 .最佳标题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段Singing can bring numbers of health benefits （益处）.”可知，文章最 佳标题应是“唱歌的好处”。故选Do26 . D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C【解析
48、】我们一向以为快乐仅仅是指刚发生的事情会让我们感到快乐，但事实上与别人保持好的关系可以 让我们一直保持良好的心情。本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法。6 .细节理解题。根据One way is being unselfish, not wanting everything from our friends. Another way is to look fbr good points, not bad ones in other people.”可知，种方法是无私，不要想从朋友那里得到,切；另一种方 法是在别人身上寻找优点，而不是缺点。故选D。7 .细节理解题。根据“Being friendly and polite to your group”可知，作者建议对团队友好礼貌，故选A。8 .推理判断题。根据At the same time, it is important to remember that, while you arc probably no worse than others, the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. When something is wrong, it is good sense to try to make it righ