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1、备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)语篇理解之主旨大意题主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、 中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中 心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心 论点及作者的情感倾向。在中考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如卜.：(1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?(2) T
2、he main topic / subject of the passage is.(3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is.(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on.(5) Wha( is mainly discussed in (he text?(6) Wha( is the main idea of the passage?(7) Whats the main point the writer is tryin
3、g to make in the last paragraph?(8) The purpose of this passage is.(9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(10) Which of the following best summarized the passage?(11) The passage mainly focuses on.从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心 思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。主旨大意题的分类1.从考查
4、对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段 或为几段主题的综段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句， 也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。18. Generation gap“ means between parents and children.A. mistakeB. misunderstanding C. disagreement D. dislikeThe second paragraph mainly tells us.A. the language and fashion a generation h
5、as createdwhat children want to prove to their parentsB. the reasons behind the generation gapwho is the star of young peoples world19. The way to bridge the generation gap is.A. laughingB. quarrelingC. never speaking D. communicating6For many American 10-year-olds, summer is always a time for goofi
6、ng around （消磨时）匕）,hanging out with friends, and playing outside until the sun goes down. However, for Liam Hannon, the summer of 2017 was a bit different. That year, Liam did not want to go to summer camp, so he made a deal with his dad to stay busy and active. He joined a program to give back to th
7、e community. Specifically, he was given a （ask to help homeless people.Liam pointed out to his dad that there were a lot of homeless people just outside their home in Cambridge, Massachusetts. These people were hungry and Liam thought he could do something to lift their spirits. Liam and his clad be
8、gan making sandwiches. Together, they made 20 lunches that first week, which they then handed out to the homeless people. When the week was over, Liam realized he was not ready to put away his bread knife just yet, so Liams Lunches of Love was born.“No one should be hungry,“ Liam wrote on his GoFund
9、Me page. He created the online page with his father as a way （o help raise money for Lunches of Love. Donations that were received through GoFundMe have enabled Liam to buy a better cart （手推车）and make thousands of additional lunches. Liam also gets help from friends and volunteers to make and delive
10、r the lunches. His friends love drawing pictures and writing encouraging messages on the brown paper bags that the lunches and healthy snacks are packed in. Ive seen people who are feeling really down. But when wc hand them a lunch, their faces just light up,“ says Liam.But he didnt stop there. Liam
11、 has another project called Legos （乐高）of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then sorted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters.One thing is certain: This now 12-year-old knows how （o pay it forward （让爱传播出去）.His Lunches ofLove is an example of how even something as simp
12、le as a sandwich can change the world.20. What did Liam Hannon do in the summer holiday of 2017?A. He went to summer camp.B. He hung out with his friends.C. He helped many homeless people with his father and friends.D. He drew pictures and wrote encouraging messages on the paper bags.21. How did Lia
13、m help the children at homeless shelters?A. By raising money for them.B. By making sandwiches for them.C. By buying old toys for them.D. By creating a project called Legos of Love.22. Liams story mainly tells us.A. wc should ask our friends for helpwe should enjoy the summer holiday with our familyB
14、. simple help can make a big differenceprojects make a lot of fun7The day was Thankful Thursday. Its a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. We always go out in the world and do charity （慈善）work. Last Thursday, we were going to buy lunch for the beggars （乞丐）in the street.
15、I ordered 15 lunches from McDonalds （麦当劳）and decided to hand them out.We enjoyed what we saw in the street: a surprised and happy person holding up his lunch bag. Then we noticed a small old woman asking for food. We handed her our final lunch bag. As we got into the can she started to speak to us.
16、No one has ever done anything like this fbr me before/ she said with a smile. Well, Im glad that we were the first/ I replied. 4So, when will you eat your lunch? I asked. She just looked at me with her huge, tired brown eyes and said, “Oh, honey, Im not going to eat this lunch. You see, I have a lit
17、tle girl. I usually cant afford to buy her the food she enjoys. But tonight she will be so happy!”I dont know if the woman noticed the tears （泪水）in my eyes. I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of Moth
18、er Teresas words: “Wc cannot do great things-only small things with great lovc.On Thankful Thursday, the writer often went with her two daughters to.A. visit their friendsB. do some charity workC. have lunch in McDonaldThe old woman was the one to get the lunch.A. firstB. secondC. lastAccording to t
19、he passage, which is true about the old woman?A. She would give the lunch to her daughter.B. She ate the lunch when she got homeC. She didnt like the food from McDonalds23. After the writer learned the story of the woman, she was.A. angryB. movedC. surprisedWhat does the article want to tell us?A. I
20、ts difficult to help everyone in need.B. A small act of kindness means a lot.C. Each family has its own problems.8I would never forget what I learned from the day when I left my junior high school. On the last day our teacher told us something educational that I would like to share with you.He began
21、 by drawing a man standing in the middle of a circle. To make it more interesting, he drew things like a house, a school and a few friends inside the circle.He asked, “Can anyone tell me what this is?” In a long silence, one student decided to express his idea, kkThc world?” The teacher said, Thats
22、close. This is your Comfbrt Zone （舒适圈）.Inside your circle you have all the things that are important to you-your home, your family, your friends and your jobs. People feel that inside this circle they are safe from any danger.”“Can anyone tell me what will happen when you step out of this circle?” A
23、 strong silence came over the room. The same student replied, 4tYou are araid. Another student said. You may make mistakes. The silence continued and our teacher smiled and asked, 44When you make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said. You learn something.”“Exactly, you are learni
24、ng.v Our teacher turned to the blackboard and drew an arrow （箭头）pointing from the man to the outside of the circle. He went on saying, 4tWhcn you leave your Comfbrt Zone, you put yourself out there. The result is that you learn something that you do not know to become a better pcrson. He drew a bigg
25、er circle around the original （原来的） circle, and added a few new things like more friends, a big house, etc.A lesson from this story is that if you stay inside your Comfort Zone you will never be able to open your eyes to the outside world. When you step out of your Comfort Zone, you will make your c
26、ircle bigger to challenge your mind and grow to be stronger, and all in all to be a better person.24. The stoiy happened on.A. the first day of junior high schoolB. the last day of junior high schoolC. the first day of senior high schoolD. the last day of senior high school25. Which of (he following
27、 is NOT included in the Comfort Zone that the teacher drew on the blackboard first?A. Friends.B. House.C. Cars.D. School.26. When people step out of the Comfort Zone, they will at last.A. learn somethingB. feci a little afraidC. begin to make mistakesD. miss their family and friends27. The passage m
28、ainly tells us that.A. families always get in the way of peoples growtharrows help people make more friendsB. silence in the class means students can think morestepping out of Comfort Zone can make people better参考答案1【答案】LC 2. A 3. D 4. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过介绍几种新科技来告诉我们，现在的科学技术发展速度很快，我们只有 不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步。
29、【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第三段“It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions”可知， GPS全球定位系统能在任何天气条件下告诉你使用者的确切位置。故选C。2 .推理判断题。根据第四段Its even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space”可知，人们希望ISS能把人们带到太空的新家，而不足已经把人们带到了其他星球上。It has carried people to other
30、 planets“它把人们带到了其他星球”说法错误，故选A。3 .细节理解题。根据第三段“It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago”可知，Hercules 是一种水下机器人，用来搜寻海中的沉船。look for the ancient ships in the sea“在海里寻找远古的船只”符合题意，故选D。4 .主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段Its important for us to leam abou
31、t new technology and the role that it plays in our lives”，可知短文告诉我们现在的科学技术发展速度很快，只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚 步，所以对于我们来说学新科技是非常重要的。its very important for us to leam about new technology”学习新 科技的重要性”符合文意，故选B。2【答案】5. A 6.C 7. D 8.C【解析】科学家们认为，人类可以把人的名字和他们的外表联系起来，甚至可以根据长相猜出某人的名字。 研究人员通过实验得出志愿者的猜出38%正确的名字，只有当一个人经常使用名字
32、时，他的外表才会受到 他们名字的影响。5 .主旨大意题。本篇讲述研究人员通过实验得出人类可以把人的名字和他们的外表联系起来，甚至可以根 据长相猜出某人的名字；只有当一个人经常使用名字时，他的外表才会受到他们名字的影响：故选A。6 .细节理解题。根据第五段“This kind of face- -name matching happens because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy , as wc become what other people expect us to become,”可知这种脸和名匹配的发生是因为个自我 实现的预言过程，
33、故选C。7 .细节理解题。根据第六段“people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round,”可知人们倾向于认为叫鲍勃的男人应该有更圆的脸；故选D。8 .推理判断题。根据第三段“The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38 percent of the time.” 可知志愿 者能猜出38%正确的名字；十个中将近猜对四个，概率将近是40%；故选C。3【答案】9.D 10. C 11.C 1
34、2. A【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍的是地震的相关事实，地震产生的原因，大地震前后会有余震， 地震波及强度的测量。9 .推理判断题。根据第一段“Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earths plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep movin
35、g. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the-edges arc stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the-plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.”可知具体的解释地区板块的 大型区域的边缘发生地震的原因。故选D。10 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Scienlisls dont really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occu
36、rs”科学家不能确定地知道是否小地震是前震除非有更大的地震发生。可知在更大的地震发生 之后，人们可能才会注意到前震的存在。故选C。11 .推理判断题。根据图片“3.5-5.4 Felt, hardly causes damage”可知如果发生5.0的地震的话会被感知到，但 是几乎不会造成损害。C选项“全家福从墙上掉下来”符合。故选C。12 .主旨大意题。文章主要介绍的是地震的相关事实，地震产生的原因，大地震前后会有余震，地震波及强 度的测量。故选A。4【答案】13. B 14. D 15. D 16. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲解了巧克力从墨西哥传到西班牙再到法国最后的到英国的经历，并
37、在 文末介绍了好时巧克力的由来。13 .词义猜测题。根据后文“The Spanish, however, added sugar to make it sweet, and they drank it hot.W知，西 班牙人加糖在巧克力中可知原来的巧克力应是苦的，故选B。14 .细节理解题。根据最后一段“In 1900, the English started putting milk in their chocolates is Millon Hershey. n 可知，Hershey在1900年在巧克力中放牛奶，故选D。15 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They were places
38、 where people could meet to drink chocolate together and talk ”可知“chocolate houses”指的是人们可以喝咖啡和聊天的地方，故选D。16 .主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲巧克力从墨西哥传到西班牙再到法国最后的到英国的经历，即巧克力的发 展史，故选C。5【答案】17. D 18. B 19. C 20. D【解析】本文主要阐述了父母和孩子之间如何交流沟通以消除代沟问题。17 .细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Fvc heard of many complaints from both parents and children”可
39、知，父母 和孩子都抱怨。故选D。18 .词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句Generation gap means misunderstanding between parents and children. 可知，代沟的含义是指在父母与孩子之间存在“误解故选B。19 .主旨大意题。根据第二段首句What are the reasons behind the generation gap?”及下文内容可知,这是本 段的主题句，下面的内容都是围绕此句展开的，所以第二段主要告诉我们产生代沟的原因。故选C。20 .细节理解题。根据第三段“How lo bridge the generation gap?
40、 Communicalion!”可知，消除代沟的方法是“交 流”。故选D。【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了美国孩子Liam Hannon在暑假做爱心午餐，帮助那些饥饿的人们 的故事。21 .细节理解题。根据文中“He created the online page with his father as a way to help raise money for Lunches of Love. Donations that were received through GoFundMe have enabled Liam to buy a bette
41、r cart （手推车）and make thousands of additional lunches. Liam also gets help from friends and volunteers to make and deliver the lunches.” 可知，Liam hannon在2017年暑假，他和他的父亲还有朋友一起帮助了很多无家可归的人。故选C。22 .细节理解题。根据文中Liam has another project called Legos （乐高）of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then so
42、rted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters.”可知,Liam 通过创建一个叫做爱 的乐高的项目来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故选D。23 .主旨大意题。根据文中最后一段One thing is certain: This now 12-year-old knows how to pay il forward （让 爱传播出去）.His Lunches of Love is an example of how even something as simple as a sandwich can change the
43、word”可知，利亚姆的故事主要告诉我们，简单的帮助可以带来很大的改变。故选C。7【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B【解析】文章讲述的是作者带着两个女儿在每周四都去帮助别人，一次帮助别人的经历让她意识到了虽然 所做的是小事，但是也对别人产生了很大的影响。24 .细节理解题。根据Its a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. We always go out in he world and do charily （慈善）work”可知，作者和她的两个女儿经常去做慈善工作，
44、故选B。25 .细节理解题。根据“Then we noticed a small old woman asking for food. We handed her our final lunch bag 可知，这位老妇人是最后得到午餐的，故选C。26 .推理判断题。根据“Oh, honey, Im not going to cat this lunch. You see, I have a little girl. I usually cant afford to buy her the food she enjoys. But tonight she will be so happy”可知，
45、老妇人准备把这份午餐留给她的女儿，A 表述正确，故选A。27 .细节理解题。根据I dont know if the woman noticed the tears （泪水）in my eyes.”可知,听了 老人的故事， 她很感动，故选B。28 .主旨大意题。根据I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difTerence”可知，这篇文章想告诉我们一个小小的善行意味着许多，故选B。【答案】29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在中
46、学毕业前一天，老师给作者上了一节难忘的课：如果你呆在你的舒 适区，你将永远无法开拓你对外面的世界视野。当你走出你的舒适区，你会让你的圈子更大，挑战你的思 想，变得更强大，总而言之，成为一个更好的人。29 .细节理解题。根据文中第一段I would never forget what I learned from the day when I left my junior high school. On the last day our teacher told us something educational that I would like to share with you.”可知当我要
47、 离开中学时，老师最后一天给我们讲了很有教育意义的课。可见，是初中的最后一天。故选B。30 .细节理解题。根据文中第三段“This is your Comfort Zone. Inside your circle you have all the things that arc important to youyour home, your family, your friends and your jobs. People feel that inside this circle they arc safe from any danger.“舒适圈里是你的房子，你的家，你的朋友和职业。人们在
48、舒适圈里觉得很安全。可知， 学校也是舒适圈里的，所以不包括车。故选C。31 .细节理解题。根据文中第四段“The silence continued and our teacher smiled and asked,“When you make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said, “You learn something.“可知在你犯错之后是学习。可见 走出舒适圈是你在学习。故选A。32 .主旨大意题。根据文中第六段“When you step out of your Comfort Zone, you will make your circle bigger to challenge your mind and grow to be stronger, and all in all to be a better person.“可知当你走出舒适圈，你在调整 自己变成更强大的人，总之是更好的人。可见文章的中心大意是走出舒适圈，成为更好的人。故选D。2.从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种主题类（内容），考查文章或段落的主旨大意；目的类，考查文章或段落的写作R的；标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。设问特点：1 .考查全文主旨或段落大意