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1、第三讲第三讲 复杂多变的动词复杂多变的动词专题3.3 情态动词和虚拟语气重重 温温 真真 题题单句语法填空1.(2021 天津卷改编)It used to be that you _(drive)for miles here without seeing another person,but now there are houses and people everywhere.解析：考查情态动词。句意：过去你可能开车数英里看不到一个人，但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意和语境可知，这里介绍的是过去和现在的对比，表示“有可能”，故填could/might drive。2.(2021 天津卷改编)I
2、 honestly dont think Im going to be admitted.Well,you never know!You _(make)a better impression than you think.解析：考查情态动词。句意：老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故填may have made。could/might drivemay have made3.(2020 全国I卷改编)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with
3、 a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it _(send)signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.解析：考查情态动词。根据句意，中国第一次在月球上安置了一个卫星，用以发射信号到太空站或地球。故填could send。4.(2020 全国III卷改编)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he _(find)the legendary(传奇的)art
4、ist,they smiled and pointed down the river.解析：考查情态动词。句意：当他问江岸边的村民他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指向江的下游。分析句意可知，设空处表达的是能够做某事。时态为一般过去时，故填could find。could sendcould find5.(2020 天津卷改编)Jim says we _(stay)in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.解析：考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说只要我们保持干净整洁，我们就可以待在他家里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，主句是一般现在时
5、态，介绍的是现在的情况，所以宾语从句用一般现在时态，故填can stay。6.(2020 江苏卷改编)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers,I _ _ not be where I am.解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果我没有面对这么多的障碍，我就不会是现在的我。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故填would/could/might/should。would/could/might/shouldcan
6、stay7.(2019 江苏卷改编)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we _(have)a good time together.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾啊！你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据语境可知，并列连词or在句中意为“否则，要不然”，为含蓄条件的一种表达方式，后面的句子与过去的事实相反，故填would have had。8.(2019 天津卷改编)The workers were not better organized,otherwise they _(accomplish)the task in
7、 half the time.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需用would have done的形式。故填would have accomplished。would have hadwould have accomplished9.(2018 北京卷改编)In todays information age,the loss of data _(cause)serious problems for a company.解析：考查情态动词。句意：在当今这个信息时代，对于一个公司来说，数据的丢失会造成严重的问题。根据句意
8、可知，语境要体现的是一种理论上的可能性，因此用can cause符合语境。10.(2018 天津卷改编)I cant find my purse.I _(leave)it in the supermarket yesterday,but Im not sure.解析：考查情态动词。句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了，但我不确定。设空处表示对过去事情的推测，且根据题干中的Im not sure可推知此处表示不确定的推测，故用could/might have left表示“可能”。can cause could/might have left11.(2018 天津卷改编)If we
9、 _(catch)the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had+过去分词”形式。故填had caught。12.(2018 江苏卷改编)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I _(have)a second chance to become more involved.解析：考查虚
10、拟语气。句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had。had caught had13.(新课标全国样卷)Mum：Are they there?Oh,my goodness.I _(put)them in there when the phone rang.解析：考查情态动词的推测性用法。根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，肯定句中用must have done形式。故填must have put。must have put 考考 点点 精精 析析否定形
11、式情态动词not动词原形框架结构图框架结构图情态动词常见情态动词can/could,be able towill/wouldshall/shouldmay/mightneeddaremustought to/have to基本用法肯定形式情态动词动词原形虚拟语气对现在情况的虚拟对过去情况的虚拟对将来情况的虚拟情态动词的核心考点情态动词的核心考点1can/could和be able to的用法(1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able
12、 to来表示。这时was/were able to相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。She can speak Chinese while her mother can speak French.The boat he took overturned and he fell into the lake,but he was able to swim to the bank.(2)can/could表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句，could比can的可能性小，也可用于肯定句。He is in poor health.He can be ill at any
13、 time.他身体不好，随时都可能会生病。Even experts can make mistakes.即使是专家也可能会出差错。My mother could be very unpleasant at times.我母亲有时候会让人非常不愉快。(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会”。Anybody can make mistakes.表示现实可能性，这包含两个方面的含义:一是指将来可能性，一是指现在的可能性，在这两种用法中，通常都不用can，但可用could(可以指现在，相当于may/might):今年夏天我们可能要去日本。(将来可能性)We could m
14、ay,might go to Japan this summer.We can go to Japan this summer.你可能是对的，但我不认为你对。(现在可能性)You could may,might be right,but I dont think you are.You can be right,but I dont think you are.正正误误正正误误(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can/Could I come in?Could you tell me how I can get to the rail
15、way station?-Could I have the TV on?-Yes,you can.(否定答语可用No,I cant./Im afraid not.)(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can that be true?I cant believe my eyes and ears.How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?(6)can的特殊用法。can but只
16、好；cant but不得不；cant.too。再也不为过，越越好 I dont think well manage it.Still,we can but try.我想我们应付不了这事。但不妨试试。I cant but admire your bravery.我不得不佩服你的勇气。You cant be too patient to the customers.你不能对顾客太有耐心。2may和might的用法(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语气更委婉一些。May I watch TV now?Yes,you may.(Yes,please.)No,you mustnt.(No,you
17、d better not.)(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can/could小(主要用于肯定或否定句，疑问句用can/could代替)。He may not come today,for its raining.今天他可能不会来，因为在下雨。He cannot come today,for he has gone to America.他今天不可能来，因为他去美国了。(3)表示祝愿(不用might)May you succeed!祝你成功!May you live happily.祝你生活幸福！(4)may/might as well最好还是，不妨 Yo
18、u might as well do it now.你不妨现在就做。If no one else wants it,we might as well give it to him.如果没人要这个，我们不妨给他吧。(5)may/might well很可能 He may well be late for class.他很可能上学迟到了。An old friend might well be able to get through to her and help her.一位老朋友也许能让她理解并帮助她。3.must,have to和ought to的用法(1)must表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强
19、调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mustnt)表“禁示，不允许”。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用neednt或dont have to来表达。All visitors must report to reception.All this mail must be answered.Must I hand in the paper roday?Yes,you must.No,you neednt/dont have to.表推测“一定”，用于肯定句。比may的语气强。There must be some mistake.表示必然的结果。All the enemies mu
20、st die.还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It cant help；he must do that.(2)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。Youll have to play inside today on such a rainy day.(3)ought to表示义务和责任，意为“应该”，比should语气要强。The company ought to do something about the poor service.4.need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have t
21、o代替。You dont need to roar in the public place.Need I come at once?Yes,you must.(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。They darent ask for any more money.How dare you pick up the phone and listen in on my conversations!If you dare speak to me like that again,youll be sorry.(3)need和dare的特殊用法need表“需要”时，可用wan
22、t,require代替。The bicycle needs repairing/to be repaired.The bicycle wants/requires repairing/to be repaired.dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。Dare to dream and work hard to achieve it.Most people hate Harry but they dont dare to say so.Do you dare(to)swim in the river?5.will和would的用法(1)will表示请求、建议，
23、常用于第二人称。Will you please go with me?Will you meet me at the airport?表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never allow that to happen again.According to Zhong Wei some things will never change.表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，意为“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Rosa will always be late for school.We will always remember his generous hospitality.(2)would表示请求
24、、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you like a cup of coffee?你想喝杯咖啡吗？You would pass your exams if you applied yourself.努力学习就会通过考试。表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.我们过去在星期天打羽毛球。You would think my own father would stick up for me once in a while.你会认为我的亲生父亲偶尔也会支持我一下。6.shall和should的用法(1)sha
25、ll用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。What shall I wear on the journey?When shall he be able to leave for the concert?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、允诺或威胁等。You shall do as your father tells you to.You shall have your money back tomorrow.He shall have the book when I finish reading.His life shall be at the mercy of the Duk
26、e of Venice.(2)should表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。You should listen to your doctors advice.You should(=ought to)tell your mother about it at once.表示惊讶语气，或者在说话人看来是不可思议的，尤其在以 why,who,how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中，意为“竟然”。You should wear slippers in class.How should I know it?用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”；省去if，should可提至句首。If you should fai
27、l to come,ask Mrs Chen to work in your place.(=Should you fail to come,ask Mrs Chen to work in your place.)Should you be late,apologize to the teacher.7.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合mustmay/mightcan/couldshouldmust domust have done肯定句肯定句may/might domay/might have done肯定句、否定句肯定句、否定句can/could
28、docan/could have done否定句、疑问句否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句可用于肯定句)should doshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句肯定句、否定句、疑问句情态动词have done的用法：(1)should have done表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldnt have done则表示“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You should have been more careful in money matters.You shouldnt have said such impolite words to your p
29、arents.(2)ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而实际上未做”，而ought not to have done则意为“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。With your ability,you ought to have done better.Im feeling sick.I ought not to have eaten so much food.(3)neednt have done表示“过去本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.I got up ea
30、rly,but neednt have done so,because I had nothing to do that morning.(4)could have done表示“过去本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到”。I could have come on time,but my car broke down on the way.I certainly dont think this is something that only we could have done.(5)may/might have done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该/可以做某事(实际上没做)”。You mi
31、ght have given him more help,but you were so busy.Powers like these might have done something about Greece.虚拟语气虚拟语气1.if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况表示过去情况表示将来情况动词过去式动词过去式(be的过去式用的过去式用were)had过去分词过去分词should动词原形动词原形动词过去式动词过去式(be的过去式用的过去式用were)were to动词原形动词原形If I were in your position,I would try
32、 my best to change the situation.如果我是你，我就努力改变情形。If it had not rained so hard yesterday,we could have played tennis.如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow,I would invite him home.如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。提示提示(1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should,were或had，可以把if省略，把should,were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。Had s
33、he been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend.(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。If you were in better health,I would have let you go with them.(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without,or,otherwise,but for等词或短语来表示。I ran all the way to school,ot
34、herwise I would have been late.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity),there would be no modern industry.2.shoulddo.结构的虚拟语气一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order,command,require,request,demand,advise,suggest(建议),propose,recommend,insist(坚持，坚决
35、要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“should动词原形”来表示，同样，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。Your suggestion that we(should)go swimming is out of the question;its too cold today.我们不可能按你的建议去游泳，因为今天太冷了。3.wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即与现在事实相反时，谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/mi
36、ght动词原形”。I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。4.would rather“宁愿”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即与现在和将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were)；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。You always go without me and Id rather you didnt.你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。5.It is(high/about)time(that).意为“是的时候了”，that在此引导定语从句，从句谓语
37、要用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去式；另一种是用“should动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。Its high time that we should get/got down to working.该我们着手工作的时候了。注意注意：此结构和It is the first(second,third.)time that.有区别。后者引导的从句中，常用现在完成时态形式。It is the first time that she has taken part in a film shooting and she says its a little bit d
38、ifficult.这是她第一次参加电影拍摄。她说这有点困难。6.if only从句中的虚拟语气if only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。The pills might have helped him,if only hed taken them regularly.他当时要是按时服药，也许可以对他有帮助的。7.as if,as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。It seems as though it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了
39、一样。(事实上不是)He talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。写作中情态动词和虚拟语气易错点聚焦写作中情态动词和虚拟语气易错点聚焦1.表达的单调性例如：在写一封建议信时，如果向好友表达建议，重复使用You should.既显得单调，同时“你应该.”等强硬的语气又会影响交际效果。我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如Youd better./You might as well./Why not.？等。Maybe youd better tell me what this is all about.也许你该告诉我，这到底是怎么一回事。The couple
40、 might as well have been strangers.这对夫妇简直就像是陌路人。2.情态动词搭配错误Youd not better quarrel with your neighbors whatever happens.Youd better not quarrel with your neighbors whatever happens.-Need I tell me everything that has happened to his father?-Yes,you need.-Yes,you must.The king was so hot-tempered that
41、 no one dared tell him the bad news.The king was so hot-tempered that no one dare(dared to)tell him the bad news.误误误误误误正正正正正正题组一情态动词集训题组一情态动词集训单句语法填空1.-A:The Dragon Boat Race for this year will be canceled.-B:You _ be joking.That cannot be true.2.There _ be no harmony between two selfish people.3.I
42、heard you bought a new book._ I have a look?4.The children _ get lost in the woods;otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.5.When he was there,he _ go to that coffee shop at the street corner after work every day.must can May/Can/Could would 考考 点点 集集 训训must 6.Our school make
43、s it a rule that students _ have lunch and supper in the dining room.7.If you are unsure about what to do next,you _ as well consult your adviser.8.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally _ have.9.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,but why didnt you?10.Y
44、ou _ return my umbrella now.You can keep it till next week if you like.shall may/might would should neednt 题组二虚拟语气集训题组二虚拟语气集训1.How I wish every family _(have)a large house with a beautiful garden.2.They would _(kill)him if he had not defended himself.3.They set off for the destination too late;other
45、wise they wouldnt _ _(stick)in the storm.4.Tom recommended me that I _(accept)the invitation.5.The old man treated the boy as if he _ his own son.had have killed have been stuck(should)acceptwere6.The manager required that the work _(finish)before Friday.7.Only when the results came out did he reali
46、ze that he should _(devote)himself to his studies,but it was too late.8.The woman stood by the river still as if she _(turn)into a stone.9.I _(abandon)my dream of becoming a pianist,but for the encouragement from that music teacher.10.Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _(is)at the ag
47、e of six months.(should)be finishedhave devotedhad turnedmight have abandoned(should)be题组三情态动词和虚拟语气专练题组三情态动词和虚拟语气专练(1)Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if they _(be)the same person.Both the two boys are smart,but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams
48、 while Peter doesnt.However,people believe if Peter _(work)as hard as Tom,he would do as well as his brother in his study.At home,their parents suggest that they _(finish)their homework before playing computer games.But Peter insists that it _(be)OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his
49、homework in time.Their mother gives in in the end.wereworked(should)finishis One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake.So he put his exercise book aside and used another one.When Peter found the previous exercise book,he _(strike)out Toms name and signed his name on its cov
50、er,and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twins mother,she was very angry and shouted at Peter.“How I wish you _(be)as diligent as your brother!Now its time that I _(give)you a good lesson.And you mustnt play any computer games for a month!”“Oh,no!Mo