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1、第二讲第二讲 不可忽视不可忽视的小词：代词、冠词、介词和数词的小词：代词、冠词、介词和数词专题2.1 代 词考向考向1 人称、物主与反身代词人称、物主与反身代词单句语法填空单句语法填空1.(2023全国卷I)Nanxiang aside,the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of _(they)contents.解析：考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有
2、一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。2.(2020全国卷II)Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of _(we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.解析：考查代词。所填的词作定语,修饰名词Further Resources section，所以用形容词性的物主代词。故填our。thei
3、rour3.(2020全国卷II).in the visitors memory.It sure does in _(I).While youre in China,Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!解析：考查名词性物主代词。根据前一句来理解，说明“.也深深在印在我的记忆中”，此处应该是my memory，然后依照语法规则，用mine来代替。故填mine。4.(2020全国卷I)Data about the moons composition,such as how much ice and other treasures it contains,could
4、 help China decide whether _(it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.解析：根据空格后的名词plan及前面的结构可知要用形容词性物主代词。故填its。mineits5.(2020新高考全国卷I)As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine _(they)living at a different time in history or walking through a ra
5、inforest.解析：考查反身代词的用法。句子主语是visitors，此空又在动词imagine后面做宾语，应该用反身代词。故填themselves。6.(2018全国卷I)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give _ a try.解析：考查代词或名词的用法。句意：如果你时间不充裕，你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的好处，因此或许我们都应该试试跑步。此处give i
6、t a try意为：试试。此处it 可以指running。故填it或running。themselvesit/running7.(2018浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.解析：考查it用法。句子 how cheap.can be to eat out.是 由感叹句转换的宾语从句，正常语序应该是 it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式 to
7、 eat out 是真正主语，it 是形式主语。故填 it。8.(2017浙江)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt _(I),”says Pahlsson.解析：句意：她原本以为我伤到了自己。根据句意可知用I 的反身代词 myself。itmyself9.(全国 I)On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _(it
8、)mother.解析：根据空格后的名词及前面的 a lively three-month-old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。故填its。10.(全国 I)A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with _(it)choking smog.解析：空格后面有名词 smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词 its。itsits11.(广东)Now it occurred to _(he)that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of lu
9、ck.解析：It occurred to sb.that.某人突然想到，是一个固定句型，此句型中sb.为宾语，应用宾格形式，故填him。12.(新课标全国II)Then the driver stood up and asked,“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!Its _(I).”解析：此题答案不唯一，要根据语境仔细揣摩。此处的 it 如果指前面的suitcase的话，那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine，表示“那个箱子是我的”；如果指前面的 anyone 的话
10、，那么此空需要用的宾格形式me，表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。himme/mine考向考向 2 替代词及不定代词替代词及不定代词单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find _(they)alive.解析：考查代词。此处做 find 的宾语，所以用宾格 them。2.(2017全国)However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,
11、000 people were using _ every day.解析：use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此处用 it 指代上文提到的 the railway。themit3.(辽宁)Keep holding your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds.解析：根据句意可知此处应填入指代 leg 的代词。句意：抬起腿，让它(it)在空中停一会儿。4.(广东)L
12、ast year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.解析：从空后的 a wonderful holiday destination 可知，这个地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地点。5.(广东)I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation.It made
13、_ of us feel good.解析：根据文意可知，空后的 us 指上文提到的“the man”和“I”，故此处指这使我们“两个人”都感到很好。ititboth考点精析考点精析代词的分类代词的分类复 数复 数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词 主语Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem物主代词 形容词性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itse
14、lfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this,that,these,those,such,the same疑问代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that as不定代词some,any,every,each,many,much,a few,a little,all,none,both,either,neither,other,another相互代词each other,one another代词分为九类，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。代词的核心考点代词的核心考点1.人称代词人称代词
15、主格Iyou(你)you(你们)wehesheitthey人称代词宾格meyouyouushimheritthem人称代词主格=主语/同位语人称代词作主语时，应用主格形式They always thought I would become an English teacher.主语主语主语主语人称代词宾格=表语/宾语人称代词宾格形式作及物动词或介词的宾语人称代词宾格形式在系动词后作表语Im honoured that you would ask me for advice.你向我征询建议，我倍感荣幸。作动词宾语My father is always patient with me for ad
16、vice.父亲总是耐心地向我请教。作介词宾语2.物主代词形容词性物主代词myyour(你的)your(你们的)ourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineyoursyoursourshishersitstheirs形容词性物主代词(定语)+名词形容词性物主代词起形容词作用，置于名词前作定语形容词性物主代词+own+名词“某人自己的”She drove her car into the local game reserve.作定语，修饰carThey made their own clothes.作定语，修饰clothes名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词名词性物主代词后不能接名
17、词在句中作主语、动词或介词的宾语或表语Its not my phone.Mine is on the desk.这不是我的手机，我的在桌子上。Shes an old friend of yours.她是你的一个老朋友。作主语作主语作宾语作宾语2.反身代词单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves动词/介词+oneself/系动词+oneself反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语，但不可作主语反身代词的人称和数必须与所指代的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致He knows exactly how to
18、make himself relaxed.他清楚地知道如何放松自己。I am not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。作动词宾语作动词宾语作表语作表语含反身代词的固定搭配含反身代词的固定搭配enjoy oneself 玩得愉快teach oneself 自学 behave oneself 举止得体 seat oneself 坐下 come to oneself 苏醒 devote oneself to 致力于 help oneself to 自己取用 make oneself at home 不拘束 by oneself 独自地 of oneself 自动地 for oneself
19、 为自己 in oneself 本身it 的用法的用法it=上文出现的同一个人或事物上文出现的同一个人或事物it 与 one/that 等代词用法在阅读理解的词义猜测题中是考查热点，应特别重视it=上文的原文/原物/原人one=a(n)+单数可数名词ones=泛指的复数名词the one=the+单数可数名词that=the+单数可数名词/不可数名词the ones/those=the+复数名词I left my electronic dictionary in my drawer,but now it is gone.我把电子词典放在抽屉里，可现在不见了。Mr.Zhang gave me a
20、 very valuable present,one(=a present)that I had never seen.张先生给了我一份非常珍贵的礼物，一份我从来没有见过的（礼物）。The population of China is larger than that(=the population)of the United States.中国的人口比美国人口多。The students in Class One are more active than those(the students)in Class Four.一班的学生比四班的学生活跃。it 指代说话者不清楚的人指代说话者不清楚的
21、人/性别不明的婴儿性别不明的婴儿 Someone is knocking at the door.Who might it be?有人在敲门，会是谁呢？it指代身份不明的人指代身份不明的人it=时间、天气、距离、环境等One evening when it was so warm,I stayed awake on purpose.有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意不睡觉。It is not far from here to the hotel.这儿离宾馆不远。指天气指天气指距离指距离it 作形式主语、代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语、代替不定式、动名词或从句It be+adj.(+of/for
22、sb.)+不定式It be no good/use/pleasure+doing sth.做某事没有好处/用 处/乐趣It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事It takes(+sb.)some time/money to do sth.（某人）花时间/钱做某事It is a pity/a fact/no wonder+that 从句 很遗憾/事实 是/难怪It is said/reported/believed/considered.that 从句 据说/报道/相信/认为It occurs to/hits/strikes sb.that从句 某人突然想起
23、It is foolish of you to make the same mistake again.你太蠢了，又一次犯同样的错误。It is no pleasure looking through these any longer.观看这些已经不再有趣。Its a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time.你在如此短的时间完成这么难的任务真是个奇迹。形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语形式主语形式主语形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语真正的主语真正的主语it 作形式宾语作形式宾语主语主语+谓语谓语
24、+it+to do/doing/从句从句 主语+like/enjoy/prefer/love/hate/dislike/appreciate+when/if 从句 主语+think/believe/find/consider/feel/make 等+it+adj./n.(for/of sb.)to do/从句 主语+think/believe/find/consider/feel/make 等+it+useless/worthwhile/no use/no good+doing.I would appreciate it if you pay in cash.如果你用现金支付我将不胜感激。I
25、still find it hard to make good friends with them.我仍然发现很难与他们交友。真正的宾语真正的宾语形式宾语形式宾语形式宾语形式宾语真正的宾语真正的宾语it 用于固定结构用于固定结构make it 成功；设法到达；约定时间manage it 设法做成get it 明白take it easy 别着急as it is 照现状as someone put it 照某人所说Dont mention it.不客气。believe it or not 信不信由你when it comes to.谈到不定代词不定代词不同范围下不定代词的使用都都任何（一个）任何
26、（一个）都不都不另外另外两者botheitherneitherthe other三者或三者以上allanynoneanotherThey both like the film.他们两个都喜欢这部电影。He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found either of them again.他的脾气和健康在战争中变得很差，并且之后再也没恢复过来。This cap is too small for me.Show me another(one).这顶帽子对我来说太小了，给我再看一顶。The old man has t
27、wo sons.One is a teacher;the other is a doctor.这位老人有两个儿子，一个是老师，另一个是医生。many,much,few,littlefew“很少人（或事物、地方）”、a few“有些（人、事物、地 方）；一些”，指代复数名词little“不多的”，a little“少量的；一些”，指代不可数名词 many“许多”，修饰可数名词复数；much表示“许多”，修饰 不可数名词Fortunately,I had a little money left.幸运的是，我剩了点钱。Very few of the teachers actually live he
28、re.这些老师中几乎没有几个住在这儿。表肯定含义，修饰表肯定含义，修饰 不可数名词不可数名词 money表否定含义，指代可数名词表否定含义，指代可数名词teachersnone,nothing,no one/nobody 的区别none 指人或物，表特指，可与 of 短语连用，对应疑问词 how many/muchnothing指物，表泛指，不与of短语连用，对应疑问词 what no one/nobody 指代人，表泛指，不与of短语连用，对应疑问词 whoMy brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available fro
29、m that shop.我哥哥想买一块手表，但是那个商店没有一块好的。Michael waited for an hour,but no one came.迈克尔等了一个小时，但是没有人来。代词的部分否定和全部否定代词的部分否定和全部否定all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”与 not 连用时，表部分否定no one,nobody,none,neither,not.any/either 以及“no+名词”表全部否定not 与总括性副词，如：everywhere,always 等连用时，也表示部分否定Not all the books
30、 are useful./All the books are not useful.并非所有书都有用。Not both books are interesting./Both books are not interesting.并非两本书都有趣。Every student doesnt go to school on Sunday.并非每个学生周日都去学校。Not everybody in our class likes reading.并非我们班的每个人都喜欢阅读。He knows not everything about it.他对此事并非全都知道。习惯搭配中的不定代词习惯搭配中的不定代词
31、nothing but 仅仅；只是 anything but 决不 each other（两者）互相 one another(三者或以上）互相 one after another 一个接一个 every other day 每隔一天 some.others.一些另一些 some.,the others.一些，其余的全部 one.,the others.一个，其余的全部some.some.others.有些，有些，另一些1.单句语法填空1.The population of Scotland was eight times as large as _ of Cornwall.2.When the
32、 factory closes,_ will mean 500 workers will be out of work.3.I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _.But she refused.4.It is said that a short tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to hope _ rice crop growing up quickly.One day,he came up with an idea th
33、at he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.5.Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it_.thatitherhisthemselves6.The boy promised _ mother never to lie to again.7.Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _.8.My daughter often makes a schedule to get _ remin
34、ded of what she is to do in the day.9.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.10.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy.histheirsherselfwhowhich.语法填空(代词专练)I cant believe I made _ into San Francisco at last
35、!To catch my 10:00 a.m.flight this morning,I went to the airport by _(I).I got there early.Since I had an electronic ticket,_ was more convenient,I then went straight to the boarding gate.When I was there,I couldnt believe my ears _ was announced that the flight was put off for two hours!I watched t
36、he flight monitors carefully to see if there was an earlier flight to San Francisco.I found that there was _ flight that will leave in 40 minutes,so I ran to the boarding gate of _ flight.When I got there,I asked the gate agent if I could get on that flight instead.She said that I needed to stay in
37、the gate area and wait for _ name to be called if _ had a seat available.So,I waited and waited._ the passengers were impatient.The gate agent began calling our names.Guess what?I found _ was behind me._ was called at last.The last seat left on the plane was a middle _ and though I usually prefer to sit near a window,I was just happy on board the plane.I didnt want my vacation to get delayed because of the late flight.itmyselfwhichanotherthattheyAllnobodyMineitmyoneThank you