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1、第二讲第二讲 不可忽视不可忽视的小词：代词、冠词、介词和数词的小词：代词、冠词、介词和数词专题2.4 数 词重重 温温 真真 题题单句语法填空1.(2023年全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesops fables date to the _(six)century,B.C.解析：考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。2.(2021年全国新高
2、考II卷)In the _(seven)grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.解析：考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。表示“七年级”用序数词,所以填seventh。sixthseventh3.(大纲全国)He missed the gold in the high jump,but will get _ second chance in the long jump.解析：考查序数词和不定冠词的连用。在序数词前用 a，则表示“再次，还有”之意。4.(东北师
3、范大学附中模拟)I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my _(nine)birthday.解析：考查序数词。句意：我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日（第九个生日）时教我学会骑自行车。aninth考考 点点 精精 析析框架结构图框架结构图数词数词基数词基数词序数词序数词基数词的构成基数词的位置序数词的构成序数词的句法功能倍数表达法A+谓语+倍数词倍数词+as+形容词或副词原级+BA+谓语+倍数词倍数词+形容词或副词比较级+than+BA+谓语+倍数词倍数词+the size(width,length,volu
4、me等)+of+B基数词的构成及作用基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表常用基数词表IIIIIIone eleventhirtytwotwelvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninetyeighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwentymillion/billion2.基数词构成歌诀基数词构成歌诀 1至12逐个记，13至19 teen结尾。20 至 90 整十位，ty结尾做后缀。要是表示“几十几”，连字
5、符十位连个位。若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后加and。用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。注意注意：(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有基数词或several，表示具体的数目时，须用单数；与of连用，表示笼统的数目时，须用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如：six hundred peoplehundreds of people(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen 后面接 these,those,them,us 等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但 dozen 仍不加-s；dozens of 中的 of 不可省，此时表
6、示不具体的数目。score 用法和 dozen 相当，但of一般不省略。several dozen pencils three dozen of these eggs two dozen of themtwo score of eggs dozens of studentsscores of books3.基数词的位置基数词的位置常位于 another,all 之后，such,more 之前，可置于 last,next,other 之前或之后。another two daysall the ten books one more appletwo such pens his last two d
7、ays/his two last days one and a half hours/an hour and a half4.基数词的句法功能基数词的句法功能(1)主语 Three is an approximate number in ancient Chinese.(2)宾语 The city has a population of more than ten million.(3)表语 The population of China is over 1.4 billion.(4)同位语 They two made an appointment to the cinema.(5)定语 Th
8、ere are ten chapters in this book.Ive read only the first one.序数词的构成及作用序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表常用序数词表IIIIIIfirst elevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththirdthirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventiethsixthsixteentheightiethseventhseventeenthninetietheightheighteenthhundredthninthninet
9、eenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth注意：21以上多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21sttwenty-first;22ndtwenty-second;33rdthirty-third;100thone hundredth2.序数词的句法功能序数词的句法功能(1)定语Monday is the first day of a week.That was my first visit to Beijing.(2)表语You are the first to leave but she is always th
10、e last one.(3)主语The second was even worse and no one wanted to choose it.(4)同位语Tommy,the first,is here and cleans the whole classroom.(5)宾语Do you prefer the first or the second?注意注意：序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。Wang Hong is the first student to leave the classroom.This is her second visit to Japan and sh
11、e wants to learn about it.序数词前有时也可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。“a+序数词”相当于 another，表示“又一个，再一个”。Youd better try a third time if you failed.数词的应用数词的应用1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数用于构成分数、百分数、小数 one third三分之一 two thirds/two-thirds三分之二 three-fifths of the students五分之三的学生 thirty percent of the water30%的水 six point four five6.45注意注意：表
12、示几分之几（或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。若在句子中充当主语，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致，如：Seventy percent of her income was spent on clothes and cosmetics.2.倍数表达法倍数表达法(1)A+谓语+倍数+as+原级+as+B The schoolbag he carries is twice as big as the previous one.(2)A+谓语+倍数+as many/much+名词+as+B I have three times as many books as
13、he(does).Take a short walk and it will give you twice as much energy as a candy.(3)A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B Their playground is three times bigger than ours.(4)A+谓语+倍数+the size(width/length/height/depth等)+of+B The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.(5)A+谓语+倍数+what+从句 The output of cars in 2023 was fiv
14、e times what it was in 2021.(6)A+谓语+.by+倍数，表示“增加或减少了多少倍”The produce has increased by four times this year.注意注意：表达倍数时，常用half表示“一半”，用double或 twice表示“两倍”，用times表示三或三倍以上。表达倍数的词还可以是分数或百分数。3.日期的表达日期的表达(1)某年：in+数字 in 2018(2)某月：in+月份 in May(3)某年某月：in+月+年 in May,2018(4)某年某月某日:on+月+日/on+日+月，+年on May 1(st)/1(s
15、t)May,20184.时刻的表达时刻的表达twenty-one past/after eight 或 eight twenty-onefour to/of nine 或 eight fifty-sixhalf past eight 或 eight thirtya quarter to/of ten 或 nine forty-five5.年代的表达年代的表达the early 1920s/1920sthe early twentiesthe mid-eighties6.其他特殊表达其他特殊表达(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔”every three days/every fourth daye
16、very other dayevery few days(2)表示年龄in ones teensin ones twentiesat the age of 17He is forty years old now.He is a teacher of twenty-four.He is a sixteen-year-old student.(3)用于习语中one at a time one by oneten out of ten书面表达中数词易错点聚焦书面表达中数词易错点聚焦1.数词的拼写错误 fourty forty ninty ninety nineth ninth twentith tw
17、entieth twentiety-firsttwenty-first three fifth three fifths the 2th of February the 2nd of February One Thousand One Nights One Thousand and One Nights(误误)(误误)(误误)(误误)(误误)(误误)(误误)(误误)(正正)(正正)(正正)(正正)(正正)(正正)(正正)(正正)考考 点点 集集 训训1.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.In the summer holiday following my _(eighteen)birthday,I
18、took driving lessons.2.I want to have a pen friend,hopefully a girl in the early _(twenty),her and with interests similar to mine.3.The rich man has bought two cars.But he wants to buy _ third one this week.4.Those recently employed will be the first _(dismiss).5.Hundreds of people _(injure)when the
19、 train went off the rails.eighteenthtwentiesato be dismissedwere injured6.The library subscribes to _(score)of periodicals.7.However,in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one _(three)of the total area,providing housing for half of the population.8.I have read the tenth c
20、hapter but not the _(twelve).9.It was the third time one of his cars _(go)up in flames.10.What they learnt helped them make _ first airplane flight in 1903.scoresthirdtwelfthhad gonetheII.语法填空（数词专练）There are _ seasons in a year:spring,summer,autumn and winter.A year can also be divided into _ months
21、.The _ month is January.Each month is divided into _ periods:the first,the middle and the last ten-day period.Mothers Day falls on the _ Sunday of May while Fathers Day on the _ Sunday of June every year.Thanksgiving Day is on the _ Thursday in November.The _ month of the year is December.There are _ complete weeks plus an extra day,or _ in a year because there are _ days in a common year but _ days in a leap year.fourtwelvefirstthreesecondthirdtwelfthfifty-twotwothree hundred and sixty-five three hundred and sixty-sixfourthThank you