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1、第二讲第二讲 不可忽视不可忽视的小词:代词、冠词、介词和数词的小词:代词、冠词、介词和数词专题2.2冠词重温真题重温真题考向考向 1表特指的定冠词和表泛指的不定冠词表特指的定冠词和表泛指的不定冠词单句语法填空1.(2023全国II卷)Notthepandas,eventhough_languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.解析:考查定冠词。句意:不管是熊猫,即使医疗培训说明书上使用的语言实际上是英语。这里特指在医疗培训说明书上使用的语言。故用the。2.(2022全国II卷)_Brownfamilylivein
2、anapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.解析:考查定冠词。此处表示特指布朗一家人,常用the+姓氏,此处位于句首,首字母应该大写。故用The。Thethe3.(2021全国I卷)WhileyoureinChina,MountHuangshanis_musttovisit!解析:考查不定冠词。句意:当你在中国游玩的时候,一定要去MountHuangshan!amust指“一件必须要做的事”。故用a。4.(2021全国II卷)Acompanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover_plasti
3、ctopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.解析:考查冠词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,航空公司在每天的1200个航班上都会把塑料杯换成纸杯。此处特指“1,200个航班上使用的塑料杯”,所以用定冠词the。athe5.(2019全国I卷)Of_nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.解析:考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。6.(2019全
4、国II卷)Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas_joke.解析:考查不定冠词。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知,此处joke为泛指,故填a。thea7.(2018全国卷)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover_past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.解析:考查定冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。8.(2017全国卷II)Thisincludedd
5、igginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover_top.解析:考查定冠词。句意:这包括挖掘道路,铺设轨道,然后在顶部建造坚固的屋顶。此处特指“地铁的顶部”,故用定冠词the。thethe5.(2017全国)Instead,sheisearning6,500adayas_modelinNewYork.解析:考查不定冠词。句意为:相反,她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6,500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。a考向考向 2 固定结构中的冠词固定结构中的冠词单句语法填空1.(2022全国卷I)Coveringanareaaboutthr
6、eetimes_sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.解析:考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知,此处考查倍数表达法,即为:倍数+thesizeof+比较成份,因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。2.(2020新高考全国卷II)Eachvolumeinthesetexplores_widerangeofmaterial,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofd
7、igitalsystems,anddiscussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.解析:考查冠词。句意:每一卷在一套探索广泛的材料,解释了数字系统的主要应用的基本概念。awiderangeof.“广泛的”,固定短语。故用a。thea3.(2019全国浙江卷)Everybodywears_samestyleofclothes.解析:考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是“相同的”,常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。4.(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly,Imface-to-facewiththegorilla,who
8、beginsscreamingat_topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.解析:考查冠词。此处为固定短语atthetopof,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。thethe5.(2017全国卷I)As_result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析:考查不定冠词。asaresult意为“结果”,是固定搭配。故填a。6.(全国)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutside
9、for_while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.解析:考查不定冠词。句意:让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。固定表达forawhile一会儿。故填a。aa5.(全国II)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven_mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.解析:考查定冠词。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式,应该填定冠词。故用the。the考点精析考点精析框架结构图框架结构图冠词基本用法基本用法固定搭配固定搭配a
10、/an的一般用法的一般用法the的一般用法的一般用法分类分类定冠词定冠词(the)零冠词零冠词不定冠词不定冠词a/an用用an的的20个元音音素个元音音素不定冠词的核心考点不定冠词的核心考点1.表示数量“一”,相当于“one”。Illcomebackinadayortwo.2.表示“同一”,相当于“thesame”。Thechildreninthekindergartenareofanage.3.表示泛指或类指,指人或事物的某一个或某一类。Shirleywantstobeadoctor.Ahouseisausefulanimal.4.用于首次提到的单数可数名词前。YesterdayIbough
11、tanEnglish-Englishdictionary.Itcostme90yuan.5.用于某一表示重量、长度、时间等的单位前,表示“每一”。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday,butusuallytwoinwinter.6,用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个,相当于“acertain”。AMr.Smithisaskingtoseeyoutomorrowmorning.7.与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用,表示“一种/一类/一份/一场/一阵/”。Therewasaheavyrainyesterdayandsomeofthehouseswasdamaged.Havingdisa
12、ppearedforsomanyyears,hegaveusabigsurprise.8.用于序数词前表示“又一,再一”。Thoughhefailed,hewantedtotryasecondtime.9.表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时,前面可用不定冠词。WehaveawarmwinterinthesouthofChinathisyear.Whenthechildrencamehomethiseveningwehadabigsupper.10.用在某些固定词组中。haveaswim去游泳allofasudden突然之间asaresult(of)结果(是)onceinawhile偶
13、尔inahurry匆忙地asawhole整体上atatime某(一)次定冠词的核心考点定冠词的核心考点1.用于上文提到过的人或事物前。Ihaveboughtanovel.Thenovelisveryinteresting.2.用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。Closethewindow,please.Abitloudoutside.3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前,如:Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.4.用于表示方位的名词之前,如:ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.5.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前,如:thefirst
14、,themostinteresting。6.用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”中,表示“越越”。Thesooner,thebetter.7.用于表示两者相比“较的那个人或物”的比较级形式前。Ofthetwostudents,Maryisthetallerandsmarter.8.用于形容词之前,使其名词化,表示一类人,如:theold,thepoor,thedead。Therichshouldthepoortoliveahappylife.9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词(如国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称)之前,如:theGreatWall,theUnitedStates
15、等。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.10.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等名词之前,如:theWestLake。11.用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”,如:theWhites。TheWhitesarelivinginthecountrysidenow.12.用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前,如:playthepiano,playtheviolin。Thelittlegirlcanplaythepianoandsomeothermusicalinstruments.13.用于表示度量单位的名词前,如:bytheday。Thewo
16、rkersworksveryhardandarepaidbytheday.14.用于年代、朝代、时代名词前,如:inthe1970s。Inthe1970s,manycountriesestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithChina.15.用于某些固定词组中,如:allthetime,attheageof,intheend,bytheway,intheformof等。零冠词的情况零冠词的情况1.不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词,如:China,America。2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词
17、。AlbertEinsteinstheoryprovedtobecorrect.3.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词,如:March,onSunday,havesupper。4.称呼语前不加冠词。WhatshallIdonext,Mother?5.表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时,一般不加冠词。6.学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。7.复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时,其前不加冠词。8.在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。Youcangotoschoolonfoot,notbytaxi.9.连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不加冠词。Theyo
18、ungworkerhasturnedwriter.10.as,though引导让步状语从句时须倒装,其表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalot.11.某些固定词组中不加冠词,如:husbandandwife,arminarm注意下列词组的区别:gotoschool去上学gototheschool到学校去(不一定是去上学)goto/beatchurch去做礼拜/在做礼拜goto/beatthechurch去/在教堂(不一定是做礼拜)gotobed就寝,上床睡觉gotothebed向床走去,走到床前(不一定是去睡觉)gotosea出海(是海员)goto
19、thesea去海边(不一定是海员)beinhospital在住院beinthehospital在医院里(不一定是病人)beinprison在坐牢beintheprison在监狱(不一定是犯人)infrontof在(外部)的前面inthefrontof在(内部)的前面attable吃饭atthetable在桌旁(不一定是吃饭)byday在白天bytheday按天计算takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替inpossessionofsth.拥有某物inthepossessionofsb.为某人所拥有insightof能看见,看得见inthesightof在看来;从观点来看书面表达中
20、冠词易错点聚焦书面表达中冠词易错点聚焦由于受到汉语的干扰,冠词错用或遗漏是我们中国学生在写作中常见的错误类型之一。存在的误区有以下几种:1.对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误TheChristmaseveningpartywassuccess.TheChristmaseveningpartywasasuccess.(误误)(正正)2.冠词在一些固定结构中的误用Mrs.Taylorhasaneight-year-olddaughterwhohasthegiftforpaintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.Mrs.Taylorhasaneight-year-olddaug
21、hterwhohasagiftforpaintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.Ourteacheriskindtousandheoftenhaswordswithus.Ourteacheriskindtousandheoftenhasawordwithus.(误误)(正正)(误误)(正正)3.冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点InmanyplacesofChina,abicycleisstillthepopularmeansoftransportation.InmanyplacesofChina,thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftran
22、sportation.(误误)(正正)I.单句语法填空1.Jumpingoutofairplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_excitingexperience.2.Icanttellyou_waytotheWilsonsbecausewedonthaveWilsonhereinthevillage.3.Thepaperisduenextmonth,andIamworkingsevendays_week,oftenlonginto_night.4.Theparentswereshockedby_newsthattheirsonneededanoperationonhis
23、knee.5.MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedonPacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain_thirteenthcentury.考考 点点 集集 训训antheathethethe6.Itsnotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary;likemanythingsinlife,its_ongoingprocess.7.Anewcollectionofphotosbrings_unsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.8.Brianisgiftedinwritingmus
24、ic;heisverylikelytobe_Beethoven.9.Eachcountry,ofcourse,inCopenhagen,hasitsownparticularprioritiesandconcerns,whichiswhy_agreementissodifficulttoreach.10.Hemissed_goldmedalinthehighjump,butwillget_secondchanceinthelongjump.ananaanthea.语法填空(冠词专练)WhenMichaelJordansfeetleft_ground,timeseemedtostandstill
25、._playerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.Jordansskillswereimpressive,but_mentalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.In_finalsecondsof_game,Jordanalwaysseemedtofind_waytowin.Jordansaysthat_secrettohissuccessislearningfromhisfailures.“Icanacceptfailure;everyonefail
26、satsomething.ButIcantacceptnottrying.”Losinggamestaughthimtopractiseharderandnevergiveup.Inlife,Jordanhaslearnttosharehissuccesswithothers._BoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.theThethetheaatheTheIcametostudyintheUnitedStates_yearago.YetIdidnotknow_realAmericans
27、ocietyuntilIwasinjuredinacaraccidentbecauseafter_accidentIhadtoseeadoctorandgotocourt.Aftertheaccident,myroommatecalled_doctorforme.Iwasverythankfulanddecidedtorepayhimoneday.But_nextday,heaskedmetopayhim$200forwhathehaddone.Iwasastonished.Hehadgoodreasonstochargeme,hesaid.AndifIwantedtocollectmoney
28、from_personwhowasresponsibleformyinjury,Idhavetohave_goodlawyer.Nowthathehadhelpedmetofindagooddoctor,itwasonlyfairthatIshouldpayhim.ButeverytimeIwenttosee_doctor,Ihadtowaitabout50minutes.Hewouldseethreeorfourpatientsat_sametime,andoftenstoptreatingonesoastoseeanother.Yethechargedme$115eachtime._finalexaminationreportonlycontainedtenlines,butitcostme$215.athetheathetheathetheTheThank you