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1、专题30-语言文化备战2023年中考英语之阅读理解专项练（常考+热门话题）一、阅读单选。（2022江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校三模）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the word was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small closely knit (联系) groups developed their own
2、 forms of speech which have no connection with each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling (定居) down to become farmers, and
3、 their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation (工业化), the development of the nation-state and the wide spread of basic education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few years, all have caused many languages to d
4、isappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. And they are used in different parts of the world. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while
5、 hot wet zones have lot, often spoken by small numbers, Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone offers over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is only 6,000, which means that half the
6、worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. For example, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (t
7、wo or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?AThey had similar forms.BThey were large in number.CThey developed very fast.DThey were closely connected.2Which of the fo
8、llowing best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?AAncient.BBasic.CPowerful.DModern.3How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800BAbout 3,400CAbout 2,400DAbout 1,2004What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BGeography decides how la
9、nguage changes.CHuman development causes fewer languages.DPeoples lifestyles are influenced by languages【答案】1B2C3B4C【导语】本文是一篇科教类阅读，文章讲述的是语言已经千百年的历史，不断地出现和消失，但最近新出现的语言越来越少，而消失地越来越多，随着社会和工业化的发展，语言消失地越来越快。1【解析】推断判断题。根据文章第一段“When the word was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small closely knit (联系)
10、groups developed their own forms of speech which have no connection with each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them”可知，在游猎社会时期，族群内部非常紧密，而族群之间语言相互独立；一万年前，世界人口仅有五百万到一千万，而语言的种类数达到一
11、万两千种。故选B。2【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，dominant的语言指的是渐渐变成主流的英语、西班牙语和中文这些在世界上被广泛使用的语言。可以用Powerful这个近义词来表达。故选C。3【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The median number (中位数) of speakers is only 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages
12、are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，少于6,000人的群体在说的语言占所有语言的一半。又根据文章第三段“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages”可知，用所有的语言数量6,800除以2，因此正确答案为大约3,400种语言。故选B。4【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇科教类阅读，文章讲述的是语言已经千百年的历史，不断地出现和消失，但最近新出现的语言越来越少，而消失地越来越多，随着社会和工业化的发展，语言消失地越来越快，故选C。（2022河南商丘三模）English has become
13、a global language. So which country, not including English-speaking countries, speaks English best? And where does China rank (排名)?Swedish language education company EF published their 2016 English proficiency index this month. The Netherlands (荷兰) ranked first, followed by Denmark and Sweden. The r
14、ankings are based on English reading and listening test results of 950,000 people from 72 countries and areas.According to the index, the English proficiency in China is still low, ranking 39th. Out of the whole country, people in Shanghai are the best English speakers. They speak better English tha
15、n Italians and French. Hong Kong and Beijing follow Shanghai as Chinas next best English-speaking cities.Shanghai and Beijing rank high because they are international cities. However, across China, proficiency in English is different from east to west.China has 400 million English learners, reported
16、 China Daily. However, the teaching of English in some areas is not very good. According to the Peoples Daily Online, there are seven primary schools in Shetianqiao town in Hunan, but only one English teacher. Many students still learn English by rote memorization (死记硬背).Sebastian Magnusson, an offi
17、cer at the Swedish embassy(大使馆)in Beijing, gave some advice. Swedish people speak English well and Magnusson himself is also fluent in Chinese. He said TV programs, movies and even computer games could be learning tools. “Do not limit it to textbooks. What matters most is to use what youve learned,”
18、 Magnusson said.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。5Where did China rank in the 2016 English Proficiency index?AFirst.BSecond.C39th.D72th.6What are the rankings based on?AThe English teaching levels of different countries.BThe number of primary schools in different countries.CThe number of English-speakers in different c
19、ountries.DThe test results of English-speaker from different countries.7Which city has the best English speakers in China?ABeijing.BShanghai.CHong Kong.DGuangzhou.8What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us?ASome Chinese schools are short of English teachers.BHalf of Chinese population is learning
20、 English now.CChinese people have high English proficiency levels.DRote rememorization is the best way to learn English.9What can we learn from Sebastian Magnusson?AEnglish is much more difficult for young learners.BLearning English from textbooks is not a good method.CLearners should get help from
21、their teachers and parents.DLearners should put what they have learned into practice.【答案】5C6D7B8A9D【导语】本文介绍瑞典语言教育公司EF 发表的2016年英语熟练程度指数，荷兰人排名第一，其次是丹麦和瑞典，中国排第39名。在中国有些地区英语教学不好，而且英语老师短缺。5【解析】细节理解题。根据“According to the index, the English proficiency in China is still low, ranking 39th”可知中国排名39。故选C。6【解析】细
22、节理解题。根据“The rankings are based on English reading and listening test results of 950,000 people from 72 countries and areas”可知该排名基于来自72个国家和地区的95万人的英语阅读和听力测试结果。故选D。7【解析】细节理解题。根据“Out of the whole country, people in Shanghai are the best English speakers.”可知上海人的英语说得最好。故选B。8【解析】主旨大意题。根据“However, the teac
23、hing of English in some areas is not very good”以及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了中国有很多英语学习者，但是一些学校仍然缺乏英语老师。故选A。9【解析】细节理解题。根据“What matters most is to use what youve learned”可知我们应该把所学的知识进行运用。故选D。（2022重庆巴南模拟预测）April 20th, 2021 is Guyu, one of the 24 solar terms, and the 12th United Nations “Chinese Language Day”. A one-
24、hour special event was held online to mark it on Tuesday. People around the world were invited to express their love and interest for the Chinese language and culture through short videos. Chinese has a long history. It has influenced on other languages in Asia, so has Latin in the West. With this h
25、istory, will Chinese have a surprising future?At present, over one billion people speak Chinese in the worldfar more than any other languages speakers. It is the language of the country which is the worlds second largest economy. Chinese people are found studying and doing business all over the worl
26、d. In fact, Chinese is definitely going to be a world language. Why is this certain? We must look at the economic and political power of China, which is increasing every day. As we all know, world languages have always been the languages of countries with powerful economics. Foreign interest in Chin
27、ese has developed very quickly together with the development of Chinese economy. Chinese has become one of the most important and popular languages around the world. As China develops, more and more people will want to learn about Chinese language and culture, to work and study in China, and to do b
28、usiness with Chinese companies. Chinese will one day become an international language.10In which way is Chinese similar to Latin?AThey both have influenced on other languages.BBoth languages have over one billion speakers.CThey both have a long history and bright future.DBoth languages are spoken on
29、ly by people in Asia.11What is the relationship between the language and economy?AThe more important the language is, the stronger the economy will be.BThe stronger the economy is, the less important the language will be.CThe more important the language is, the weaker the economy will be.DThe strong
30、er the economy is, the more important the language will be.12What does the writer think of the future of Chinese?AHopeful.BUnclear.CDifficult.DDoubtful.13The structure of the passage may be _ . （Para. 1=, Para. 2=, Para. 3=, Para. 4=. Para. 5-, Para. 6=）A, , B, , C, , D, , 【答案】10A11D12A13A【导语】本文讲述的是
31、汉语在世界上变得越来越重要，随着中国的不断强大，世界上越来越多的人开始了解并学习汉语。汉语的前景是光明的，它将成为一门世界性的语言。10【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“It has influenced on other languages in Asia, so has Latin in the West.”可知，汉语影响了亚洲的语言，就像拉丁语影响了西方的语言一样。也就是说汉语和拉丁语的相似之处是它们都影响了其他的语言。故选A。11【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“As we all know, world languages have always been the languages o
32、f countries with powerful economics. ”可知，众所周知，国际性语言一直是经济强国的语言。也就是说，国际性语言总是那些经济强大的国家的语言。由此可推测，经济越强，语言就会变得越重要。故选D。12【解析】观点态度题。通读最后一段“As China develops, more and more people will want to learn about Chinese language and culture, to work and study in China, and to do business with Chinese companies. Chi
33、nese will one day become an international language.”可知，随着中国的发展，越来越多的人希望了解中国的语言和文化，在中国工作和学习，以及与中国公司做生意。中文总有一天会成为一种国际语言。由此可推知，作者对汉语的前景是充满希望的。故选A。13【解析】篇章结构题。根据全文可知本文第一段总说第12个联合国“汉语日”，世界各地的人们被邀请通过短视频表达他们对中国语言和文化的热爱和兴趣。2-3段讲的是汉语发展。4-6段讲的是汉语肯定会成为世界语言。可知本文结构为, , 。故选A。（2022江苏无锡市太湖进修学校一模）Why not write in a
34、foreign language? If people feel free to choose their profession, their religion, and even their sex, why not just decide which language you want to write? Ever since Jhumpa published In Other Words in Italian, people have been asking me, “Why dont you write in Italian, Tim? After all, youve been in
35、 the country 35 years. What keeps you tied to English?” Is it just a question of economic(经济的) convenience?Certainly economics can be important. It was the factor that pushed Conrad to abandon his Polish mother tongue. If it is not possible to publish at home, or to publish there as one would wish t
36、o publish, then one is likely to go elsewhere. And if to publish elsewhere one has to change language, then some authors are willing to take that step.Something of the same logic has driven many writers from Africa, Asia to write in French and English in recent years. There is also the fact that peo
37、ple in Europe and the West are interested in the countries they grew up in. Just as in the nineteenth century, novelists like Thomas Hardy could “sell” their familiarity with peasant life to a middle-class metropolitan(大都市的) public, so these writers have interested us with stories that might seem co
38、mmon in their home countries.There is also a real internationalism in the decision to change language. If you have “a message” and if English is the language that offers maximum spread, then it would seem appropriate to use it.All these make sense. Critics(评论家) tend to pay attention only to those wh
39、o have made a success of writing in a new language. In April 2014, a New York Times article essentially listed young literary stars who had switched（改变）to writing in the main Western languages. At this point, the native English speaker almost begins to feel at a disadvantage for having been born int
40、o the dominant culture. Should we perhaps head for Paris, like Beckett or Jonathan Littell, just to be between two worlds? Or look for something more exotic(异国的) and have ourselves translated back into English afterward? However, one fact is that changing languages doesnt always work.I did write a n
41、ovel in Italian. But after rereading it, I decided against it. My work lost power with the switch of language. My real subject matter still had to do with England and it was to my home culture that my books were addressed. The second language never seems to mean quite as much as the first. In any ev
42、ent, after my early experiment, I never went back to write in Italian. Changing language is not the only way to bring energy to your writing.14The author writes the first paragraph to _.Aintroduce the topic of this passageBprovide background informationCstress the importance of EnglishDexplain why h
43、e writes in English15Why are some writers willing to write in a foreign language?AThey have published a lot of works at home.BTheir works are uncommon in their own countries.CA new language may offer a wider readership.DThey want to be accepted by middle class.16What can we infer from the passage?AN
44、ative English writers are at a disadvantage for writing in English.BWriters cant be entirely separated from their own culture and language.CWriters should write in a foreign language to draw critics attention.DAny writer can succeed with the switch of a new language.17Which of the following can be t
45、he best title for the passage?AWrite in a foreign languageBPublish at homeCEconomy decides everythingDWrite books in Italian【答案】14A15C16A17A【导语】本文主要介绍了为什么作家愿意用外语写作。14【解析】推理判断题。根据“Why not write in a foreign language? If people feel free to choose their profession, their religion, and even their sex,
46、why not just decide which language you want to write?”可知，作者写作第一段的目的是为了引出文章主题：为什么用外语写作。故选A。15【解析】细节理解题。根据“Just as in the nineteenth century, novelists like Thomas Hardy could sell their familiarity with peasant life to a middle-class metropolitan(大都市的) public, so these writers have interested us with
47、 stories that might seem common in their home countries.”可知，作家愿意用外语写作是因为一门新的语言可能会有更广泛的读者。故选C。16【解析】推理判断题。根据“At this point, the native English speaker almost begins to feel at a disadvantage for having been born into the dominant culture.”可知，母语为英语的作家在英语写作中处于不利地位。故选A。17【解析】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了为什么作家愿意用外语写作。A选
48、项“用外语写作”符合。故选A。（2022安徽黄山二模）There are about 6,500 languages all over the world. But about half of them are in danger of disappearing. One organization called Wikitongues is trying its best to save world languages. It has a simple goal: to provide the tools and support that people need to save their languages.Wikitongues has an open collection of world languages online. The