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1、专题22-人与自然备战2023年中考英语之阅读理解专项练（常考+热门话题）一、阅读单选National parks are large areas of public land. They give a safe home for local plants and animals. They help keep the air and water clean. They also give us the best trips. Today, there are nearly 7,000 national parks around the world. Forbes has listed 12
2、of the most beautiful ones in the world that will surprise you with their amazing landscapes (陆上风景), geographic wonders and colorful plants and animals.The Grand Canyon National Park of the US is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. It is best known for its size and depth. It is 446 kilome
3、ters long, up to 29 kilometers wide, and 1.6 kilometers deep. The immensity of the canyon makes people think big. Every year, about 5 million people visit here. Taking a tour in the South Rim (南缘) offers visitors the parks full views, while the North Rim (北缘) shows beautiful wild flowers.If you love
4、 animals, youll like the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. The “Big Five” live .They are the lion, African elephant, African leopard, black rhinoceros and African buffalo. Its name “Big Five” came from the five animals that were the hardest to catch. Now they are what people most want to see in t
5、he wild. If you visit the park, you should never miss the migration (迁徙) of over 1.5 million wildebeests (角马) and 250,000 zebras every year. This is the most famous site of the park.1The underlined word “immensity” refers to _.Agreat sizeBnatural wonderCcolorful viewDunusual beauty2The best title fo
6、r the passage may be “_”.ATaking a Tour in the Grand CanyonBTravelling to the Serengeti National ParkCSeven Natural Wonders of the WorldDStepping into the Wonders of the Wildlife3If the writer continues the article, he would most likely write about _.Aways to keep the air and water cleanBmore nation
7、al parks in the worldChis wonderful trip to the Grand CanyonDfamous historic wonders in Africa【答案】1A2D3B【导语】本文主要介绍了国家公园的情况，美国的国家大峡谷以及坦桑尼亚的塞伦盖蒂国家公园。1【解析】词义猜测题。根据“It is best known for its size and depth. It is 446 kilometers long, up to 29 kilometers wide, and 1.6 kilometers deep. The immensity of the
8、 canyon makes people think big”可知它以它的大小和深度最为人所知，说明这个峡谷是很大的，故immensity可能的意思就是“巨大”，用来描述峡谷巨大的规模，故选A。2【解析】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了国家公园的情况，号召人们走进野生动物，选项D为标题更合适。故选D。3【解析】推理判断题。首段是在总体介绍了国家公园的情况，第二段介绍了美国的国家大峡谷，第三段讲了坦桑尼亚的塞伦盖蒂国家公园，所以猜测后面可能会继续举例来说其他的国家公园，故选B。Welcome to White Pines ForestThis is one of the most bea
9、utiful places in the United States. But it can also be dangerous. If youre planning a hike here:1 Wear comfortable shoes, and take along one more pair of socks. That way youll have dry socks to change into if you need them.2 Dont forget to carry a waterproof (防水的) jacket. The weather can change quic
10、kly here.3 Take some lightweight food along. Dried fruit, nuts and so on are good energy snacks. And be sure to carry plenty of drinking water. There are no water supplies along the trails.4 There are some dangerous snakes in the forest, but you wont meet them if you follow the trails.Remember: the
11、snakes wont disturb you if you dont disturb them.5 Allow yourself enough time to get back to the campground (营地) before dark. So that you wont get lost, make some marks along the trails you go.根据语言材料选择最佳答案。4Wheres White Pines Forest?AIn Britain.BIn Canada.CIn America.5The hikers should carry one mor
12、e pair of socks because _.Athey can use the socks to make some marks.Bthey can always have dry socks to change into.Cthey can use the socks as shoes.6If youre going hiking in the forest, you should get back to the campground _.Abefore noonBbefore dawnCbefore dark7Which of the following is TRUE accor
13、ding to the passage?AThere are some dangerous snakes in the forest.BDont carry a waterproof jacket.CThere is no need to wear comfortable shoes.8This article is from _.AWhite Pines ForestBA magazineCTrip advisor【答案】4C5B6C7A8C【导语】本文主要介绍了去White Pines Forest旅行的一些注意事项。4【解析】细节理解题。根据“This is one of the mos
14、t beautiful places in the United States.”可知，在美国；故选C。5【解析】细节理解题。根据“That way youll have dry socks to change into if you need them.”可知，如果你需要的话，你就有干袜子可以换了；故选B。6【解析】细节理解题。根据“Allow yourself enough time to get back to the campground (营地) before dark.”可知，给自己足够的时间在天黑前回到营地；故选C。7【解析】细节理解题。根据“ There are some da
15、ngerous snakes in the forest”可知，森林里有一些危险的蛇；故选A。8【解析】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，主要讲述了去White Pines Forest旅行的一些注意事项，因此可以在“Trip advisor”上看到；故选C。In the Americas, Asia, and Africa theres a special kind of forest called the cloud forest. Cloud forests can be found in the clouds on the mountains.Like rainforests, cloud
16、 forests experience rainfall, but they also catch water straight from the air. Water condenses (凝结), youll hear the drop of water, even if its not raining. The water caught is clear and unpolluted (流动) through the ground into rivers.Some people call cloud forests water towers, because they are so im
17、portant in providing water for nearby villages and cities. But its not just humans who depend on cloud forests. They are also home to a lot of animals and plants.Cloud forests are very special places. But they face problems. Local poor people clear the forests so that they can grow crops. They also
18、hunt endangered animals for meat, and cut down trees to heat their homes and cook. Farmers convert (改造) the land so that they can grow fruits, and coffee beans.Once cloud forests are cleared, the harm can be irreversible (不可逆转的). Many species which are important to the ecosystem (生态系统), goes away. C
19、loud forests are very valuable. With laws to protect them, we might be able to save them before its too late.9The water of cloud forests comes from _.Athe rainBthe airCriversDclouds10What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?AThe meanings of cloud forests.BThe problems of cloud forests.CThe ad
20、vantages of cloud forests.DThe importance of cloud forests.11From Paragraph 4, we know _.Apeople are trying to save the cloud forestsBpeople are doing harms to the cloud forestsCfarmers are making better uses of cloud forestsDfarmers are turning the cloud forests into green land12What is the writers
21、 purpose of writing this passage?ATo ask people to protect cloud forests.BTo tell people cloud forests are valuable.CTo make people know more about forests.DTo encourage people to walk close to nature.13What is the best title of the passage?AForest, animals homeBCloud forests in dangerCA special kin
22、d of forestDBetter late than never【答案】9D10D11B12A13C【导语】本文介绍了云雾森林的重要性以及它面临的问题，云雾森林非常有价值，我们应该保护它们。9【解析】细节理解题。根据“Cloud forests can be found in the clouds on the mountains.”可知，云雾森林可以在山上的云层中发现，故选D。10【解析】段落大意题。根据“Some people call cloud forests water towers, because they are so important in providing wate
23、r for nearby villages and cities.”可知，第三段主要介绍了云雾森林的重要性，故选D。11【解析】推理判断题。根据“Cloud forests are very special places. But they face problems. Local poor people clear the forests so that they can grow crops.”可知，人们正在破坏云雾森林，故选B。12【解析】推理判断题。根据“Cloud forests are very valuable. With laws to protect them, we mig
24、ht be able to save them before its too late.”可知，本文主要告诉我们云雾森林非常有价值，我们应该保护它们，故选A。13【解析】标题归纳题。根据“In the Americas, Asia, and Africa theres a special kind of forest called the cloud forest.”可知，本文主要介绍了一种特殊的森林云雾森林，故选C。There are many deserts on the earth. And the following are some facts you may find intere
25、sting.What are deserts like?Deserts can be hot and dry places. Rain may not fall there for months or years. Some deserts are sandy and stony(多石的). Deserts can also be very windy places. The wind can change the shape of the deserts. It moves sand around from place to place.Temperatures in the desert
26、can be very different. During the daytime, the temperature may reach 40 even in the shade (阴凉处). At night deserts can become very cold. In winter there may even be a frost(霜冻) in the early morning.Living in the desertThe camel is sometimes called “the ship of the desert”. It stores food in its hump
27、(驼峰) and can go for days without water. It has large feet which help it not to fall into the soft sand. Its long eyelashes(睫毛)keep out the sand during sandstorms.An oasis(绿洲) is an area of the desert where water may be found. The water may be in pools or under the ground. People and animals visit an
28、 oasis for water and food. Plants grow at an oasis. Some farmers are able to grow crops here.The Arabian DesertThe Arabian Desert lies between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. In some parts of the desert, it is too hot for people to live. Oil was discovered under parts of the desert and in the Arab
29、ian Gulf. This oil has made some countries in the area very rich. Much of the money has been spent building fine cities with lovely parks and lakes, and people live a comfortable life there.14Which of the following can best describe deserts?AHot and dry.BSandy and rainy.CWet and stony.DWindy and sno
30、wy.15The camel has long eyelashes to _.Astay cool in desertsBgo for days without waterChelp it not to fall into the soft sandDkeep out the sand during sandstorms16According to the passage, people and animals visit an oasis for _.Afrost and cropsBsand and stonesCwater and foodDmoney and oil17Where wa
31、s oil discovered according to the passage?ABetween the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf.BIn some parts of the desert.CUnder parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf.DIn an oasis.【答案】14A15D16C17C【导语】本文主要介绍了有关沙漠的有趣事实。14【解析】细节理解题。根据“Deserts can be hot and dry places.”可知，沙漠是炎热和干燥的地方。故选A。15【解析】细节理解题。根据“It
32、s long eyelashes(睫毛) keep out the sand during sandstorms.”可知，它长长的睫毛在沙尘暴中挡住了沙子。故选D。16【解析】细节理解题。根据“People and animals visit an oasis for water and food.”可知，人类和动物到绿洲取水和食物。故选C。17【解析】细节理解题。根据“Oil was discovered under parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf. ”可知，在部分沙漠和阿拉伯湾发现了石油。故选C。World Wetlands Day
33、came from the Convention on Wetlands（湿地公约）, signed in Iran. China joined the convention on July 31, 1992. China has wetlands with 65.9 million hectares（公顷）, 10% of the worlds wetland areas, which comes fourth in the world. China also has some of Asias most important wetlands, such as Poyang Lake and
34、 Asias longest river, Yangtze River.However, a WWF research showed the situation of Chinas wetlands was getting serious because of pollution, climate（气候） change and over-farming. So our government has been taking actions to return farmland to wetland.It was reported the 57 key Chinese wetlands incre
35、ased by 2,479 hectares from 2018 to 2019. Li Yan, an official from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, said at a news meeting, “The area of wetlands in China has become larger over the past five years. Between 2016 and 2020, China created 201 national wetland parks. China had 899 nat
36、ional wetland parks by the end of 2020, and nearly half of the countrys wetlands are protected by some levels of government.”China is working hard for a continuous development and will make efforts to perfect the laws on wetland protection.18How does the writer introduce the situation of wetlands in
37、 China in Paragraph 1?ABy telling a story.BBy giving an example.CBy listing some numbers.DBy comparing two facts.19What can we know from Li Yans words in Paragraph 3?AHow large Chinas wetlands are.BHow important Chinas wetlands are.CChina has reached achievements on wetland protection.DWhat danger C
38、hinas wetlands are facing in the present.20In which part of a newspaper can we read the text?ANature.BHistory.CSociety.DCulture.21Whats the best title for the passage？AFamous Wetlands in ChinaBChinas Wetlands in DangerCThe Laws on Wetland ProtectionDChinas Progress in Wetland Protection【答案】18C19C20A
39、21D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国的湿地保护现状。18【解析】推理判断题。根据“China has wetlands with 65.9 million hectares（公顷）, 10% of the worlds wetland areas, which comes fourth in the world.”可知中国有着六千五百九十万公顷的湿地，是全世界湿地面积的10%，排名全球第四。由此可知，作者通过列数据来介绍中国湿地的情况。故选C。19【解析】细节理解题。根据“The area of wetlands in China has become larger over th
40、e past five years. Between 2016 and 2020, China created 201 national wetland parks. China had 899 national wetland parks by the end of 2020, and nearly half of the countrys wetlands are protected by some levels of government.”可知中国湿地面积在过去五年以来已经扩大了很多。在2016年到2020年，中国创建了201个国家湿地公园。直到2020年底为止，中国已经有899个国家
41、湿地公园了，几乎有一半的国家湿地受到某些级别的政府的保护。由此可知，中国在湿地保护上已经达成了一致。故选C。20【解析】推理判断题。文章主要谈论的是中国湿地的问题，这是属于自然的话题，因此这篇文章应是来自报纸的“自然”版块。故选A。21【解析】最佳标题题。根据“China is working hard for a continuous development and will make efforts to perfect the laws on wetland protection.”可知中国在可持续发展方面正在努力奋斗，并且会努力完善关于湿地保护方面的法律法规。说明文章主要谈论的是中国湿
42、地的保护情况，选项D“中国在湿地保护方面的进步”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。The Horsetail Fall (瀑布) is one of Yosemite National Parks most amazing views. Around the second week of February, the setting sun hits the Horsetail Fall at just the right angle (角度) to light the upper parts of the waterfall. And when conditions are right, the
43、Horsetail Fall becomes orange and red at sunset. It is like red-hot lava (熔岩) pouring down from the top of the El Capitan. So, it got the name “firefall”.The firefall is a perfect match of the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears on dry, warm and cloudless days. The
44、re must be enough flowing water to make a firefall too. So there must be enough snow on the mountain top, and it turns into water on warm afternoons.The sun goes to the best place before the fall in late February. And the best time to watch the fall is 5 to 15 minutes before the sunset. Only at this
45、 time can visitors see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch, because it is close to the fall and is perfect to set up cameras and tents.Every year in February, thousands of photographers come to watch the firefall. Although the view may appear just minutes before sunse
46、t, many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time. “Im just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you dont want to miss during the winter,” says Kate Moore, a traveller and the lead content creator for ParkedInP.22Paragraph 1 mainly tells us _.Ahow
47、 the firefall got its nameBwhy its easy to see the firefallCwho was the first to find the firefallDon which day we can visit the frefall23What can we know about the firefall?AIt lasts for half an hour before the sunset.BIt usually appears on wet, warm and cloudy days.CRivers provide enough flowing water to make a fall.DIts best watching place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.24From the words of Kate Moore, we can infer that _.Athe firefall is worth seeingBits dangerous to watch the fi