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1、考点28 阅读理解主旨大意之文章标题（核心考点精讲精练）1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布考点题型文章标题阅读理解2023 试卷类型设问考点【2023年1月浙江卷】D35Which of the following is the best title for the text?文章标题2023新高考全国卷B27.What can be a suitable title for the text?文章标题20222022年全国甲卷阅读C27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?文章标题2022年全国乙卷阅读C31. Which is
2、 the most suitable title for the text?文章标题20212021年新高考I卷C篇31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?文章标题2021年全国甲卷 D篇15. What is the best title for the text?文章标题2021年全国乙卷C篇31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?文章标题2021年新高考II卷C篇11. Which of the following is a
3、suitable title for the text?文章标题2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中文章标题的考查共计8次，主要考查：根据阅读文章全部内容确定文章的标题，概括文章标题。概括文章标题的方法：1.利用主题句；2.没有主题句，总结概括出文章标题；3.文章标题是对整个文章的高度概括；可以采用逆向思维的方法，假设文章标题，你怎么写这个文章，如果和给出的文章吻合，就是正确标题。4.文章标题一定要和文章的内容相符合，不能太宽，也不能太窄。5.文章标题的特点，简短明晰。【备考策略】系统归类文章标题的总结方法，尤其是主题句、同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预
4、测】2024年阅读理解对文章标题的考查仍然是重点。【2024年高考命题预测】文章标题考点是高考中的必考点。标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。预测在2024高考中，文章标题题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【主旨大意之文章标题考点指南】选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；过度
5、概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需
6、要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。文章标题题常考问题： Which of the following is the best title of the passage? The best title for the passage would be 1. 2023新高考全国卷BTurning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at fir
7、st it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillos students live in neighbourhoods where
8、fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are i
9、nitially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in t
10、he garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they
11、049011;re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.She adds that the programmes benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo&
12、#1049011;s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”()27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Rescuing school gardensB.Experiencing country lifeC.Growing vegetable loversD.Changing local landscape2.【2023年1
13、月浙江卷】DAccording to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of sola
14、r energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they havent given much thought to what they put under them. Often, theyll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The
15、 result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protect
16、ors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habit
17、at for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide u
18、se. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, citiesand now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kind
19、s of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything thats going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.35Which of the following is the best title for the text?APollinators: To Leave or to StayBSolar Energy
20、: Hope for the FutureCInSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureDSolar Farms: A New Development规律方法 如何精确归纳标题？1、利用主题段来概括标题主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语文章的标题。2、利用主题句来概括标题解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：(1)概括不够(多表现
21、为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)； (2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。1.【2023届浙江省四校（杭州二中、温州中学、绍兴一中、金华一中）高三5月联考】In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Rus
22、so of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as simil
23、ar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators.To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recordin
24、g the buzzing made by different bees. Computer analysis revealed that bees and bats buzzing were, indeed, similar.Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspea
25、ker alongside one of the boxes and, after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing sounds made by bats.During th
26、e broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept clo
27、ser.Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, h
28、e therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized.35What is a suitable title for the text?AA New Trick to Scare Away OwlsBAnimal Mimicry: Buzz offCA Self-protection Behavior among AnimalsDBats: No More Victim to Owls2.【2023届重庆市普通高中高三第三次联合诊断测】Making day-to-day
29、activities more intense for a few minutes such as briefly stepping up the pace of a walk could offer people who dont exercise some of the health benefits that exercisers enjoy, according to a new study of roughly 25, 000 adults who reported no exercise in their free time. Those who include three one
30、- to two-minute bursts of intense activity per day saw a nearly a 40 percent drop in the risk of death from any cause compared with those without such activity. The risk of death from cancer also fell by nearly 40 percent, and the risk of death from cardiovascular (心血管的) disease dropped almost 50 pe
31、rcent, researchers report online December 8 in Nature Medicine. “This study adds to other literature showing that even short amounts of activity are beneficial,” says Lisa Cadmus-Bertram, a physical activity epidemiologist (流行病学家) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “So many people are daunted b
32、y feeling that they dont have the time, money, motivation, transportation, etc. togo to a gym regularly or work out for long periods of time,” she says. “The message we can take is that it is absolutely worth doing what you can.”The researchers were looking for bursts of intense activity that met a
33、definition determined in a laboratory study, like reaching at least 77 percent of maximum heart rate and at least 64 percent of maximum oxygen consumption. In real life, the signs that someone has reached the needed intensity level are “an increase in heart rate and feeling out of breath” in the fir
34、st 15 to 30 seconds of an activity, Stamatakis says. Regular daily activities offer several opportunities for these bursts, he says. “The simplest one is maximizing walking pace for a minute or two during any regular walk.” Other options, he says, include carrying grocery bags to the car or taking t
35、he stairs. “The largest population health gains will be realized by finding ways to get the least physically active people to move a little more.”35What might be a suitable title for the text?AThe Simplest Daily Exercise ActivitiesBBrief Intense Activities Can Be HelpfulCThe Guidance on Brief Intens
36、e ActivitiesDRegular Exercise Is Necessary for Everyone3.【湖北省十堰市部分重点中学2022-2023学年高二3月联考】Sugar cane（甘蔗）contains around 10% sugar. But that means it contains around 90% non-sugarthe material known as bagasse （甘蔗渣）which remains once the sugar-bearing juice is squeezed out. World production of cane suga
37、r was 185 million tonnes in 2017 , which results in a lot of bagasse.At the moment, most of it is burned. But Zhu Hongli, a mechanical engineer at Northeastern University, in Boston, thinks it can be put into better use. As she, and her colleagues describe, in Matter this week, with a bit of improvi
38、ng bagasse makes an excellent and biodegradable （可生 物降解的）replacement for the plastic used for disposable food containers such as coffee cups.Dr. Zhu is not the first person to have this idea. But previous attempts tended not to survive contact with liquids. She knew from previous research that the m
39、ain reason why past efforts fell to pieces when wet is that bagasse is composed of short fibres which are unable to hold the finished product. She therefore sought to insert a suitably long-fibred substance.Bamboo seemed to be the best choice. It grows quickly /degrades readily and has appropriately
40、 long fibres. And it worked. When the researchers blended bamboo remaining into bagasse, they found that the result had astrong crossing of short and long fibres.To put their new material through its paces, Dr. Zhu and her colleagues first poured hot oil onto it and found that, rather than passing t
41、hrough the material, as it would have with previous, bagasse products, the oil was resisted by their invention. They also found that when they made a cup out of the stuff and filled it with water heated almost to boiling point, the cup remained unbroken for more than two hours. Though this is not as
42、 long as a plastic cup wouldHast, it-is long enough for all practical purposes.11What would be the best title for the text?ANew Bamboo ContainersBA New Application of FibresCYoung and Promising MaterialsDA Perfect Mix of Cane and Bamboo4.【2023届贵州省遵义市高三三模】Angela Zhang, a Mandopop(华语流行乐)star born on t
43、he island of Taiwan, recently appeared on the hot Chinese mainland produced music show Infinity and Beyond. During the show, Angela Zhang sang Yeliya Girl, a song written 34 years ago that witnessed the birth of Mandopops “golden age”. After the show, she talked about her music career with the Globa
44、l Times and said that “Mandopop has become a global trend.”Speaking of Mandopops “golden age”, Zhang told the Global Times that 1980s pop songs like Jeff Chang sAi Ru Chaoshui(Love Like Tidewater)left a deep impression on her when she was a little girl. With this appreciation, Zhang finally broke ou
45、t in the beginning of the 21st century, Mandopops peak on the island of Taiwan. “I think one of the great charms of that time was that each singer had a unique personal style and voice too,” Zhang told the Global Times. Along with other stars like Jay Chou, Mandopop gained more popularity among audi
46、ence around the world over the decades. Zhang told the Global Times that the themes in Mandopop have also been shifting from love romance to inner cultivation(修养). “Music is more a reflection of the current state of society. Art and our lives are closely related,” Zhang noted. The 2006 song Invisibl
47、e Wings brought Zhang some “healing” as it once actually saved a young girls life. When buried during an earthquake, the girl kept singing this song, which led to her final rescue. She said that Mandopop is now receiving more notice from the world with inspirations and treasures from our roots. “Our
48、 Chinese culture has lasted for more than 5,000 years and it is necessary to continue to pass it down. They are our roots,” said Zhang.7Which of the following might be the proper title for the passage?AMandopops Golden Age.BMandopops Global Popularity.CAngela Zhangs Incredible Songs.DAngela Zhangs Life Experiences.5.【2023届湘豫名校联考高三第三次模拟】For the first 18 years of my life, my mom cooked Chinese food every day, all served family-style. But when it came time for me to teach myself how to cook, I didnt ask my mom for help. Instead, like so many young people, I turned to the