《考点37阅读理解之猜测词义（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（学生版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考点37阅读理解之猜测词义（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（学生版）.docx（46页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、考点37 阅读理解阅读理解之猜测词义（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型词义猜测之猜测词义阅读理解2023 试卷类型设问考点2023新高考全国卷C29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?猜测单词的意思2023新高考全国卷C30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?猜测短语的意思【2023年1月浙江卷】B24What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon
2、” mean in the first paragraph?猜测短语的意思【2023年1月浙江卷】C29What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?猜测单词的意思2023全国甲卷B24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?猜测短语的意思2023全国乙卷D34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?猜测单词的意思20222022新高
3、考I卷What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?猜测单词的意思2022全国高考乙卷29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?猜测单词的意思2022年新高考全国卷24What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?猜测短语的意思2022全国甲卷28. Which of the following best explains “take the plu
4、nge” underlined in paragraph 2?猜测短语的意思20212021英语全国甲卷29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?猜测单词的意思2021年新高考I卷之C篇29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?猜测单词的意思2021年全国乙卷之B篇25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?猜测单词的
5、意思2021年新高考II卷之B篇25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?猜测短语的意思2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中猜测词义的考点考查了14次。主要考查：根据阅读文章部分内容来猜测词义。猜测词义的考查类型：1.单个单词的意思；2.考查短语的意思；3.考查句子的意思；4.考查代词的意思；5.考查熟词生意；6.考查生词生意。【备考策略】系统归类猜测词义的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】通过阅读理解中的猜测词义，考查考生推测词义的能力、培养学生整体把握文章
6、内容，不拘泥于细节，对于生词可以通过上下文理解其含义。因此，猜测词义还将在2024年高考中出现。【2024年高考命题预测】词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有猜测单词的意思题以考查学生的猜测词义能力。预测在2024高考中，猜测单词的意思会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点指南】规律方法：常见的设问方式： 1. What do the underlined words “.” mean in paragraph 7? 2 What does “.” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? 3 The wor
7、d . in paragraph 2 means _?4What do the underlined words “.” probably mean?规律方法 如何解决猜测词义题？此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转化法和合成法，现在高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题考查派生和合成词形式的较少，主要是需要利用上下文的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。 1. 2023新高考全国卷CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism
8、, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examinati
9、on of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you
10、to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one, Ill guide you through carr
11、ying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, Ill draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. Youll hear these participants stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The
12、second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend
13、on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. ()29.Wh
14、at does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.2.【2023年1月浙江卷】CA machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its
15、 human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israels former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.
16、 Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “Theres never a stage at which the system knows what its talking about.”What Hammond is referrin
17、g to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those
18、 symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too,
19、 not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memor
20、y, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And thats why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.29What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in pa
21、ragraph 2 refer to?AArguments.BDoubts.CErrors.DDifferences.3.2023全国乙卷DIf you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most
22、 of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanitys later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just t
23、hat, but in many cases we simply cant. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cooks voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captains record
24、 of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written report
25、s.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Abo
26、riginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate so
27、cieties such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects. ()34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Problem.B.Hi
28、story.C.Voice.D.Society.1.【江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】Almost everyone has heard the expression, “the calm before the storm”.It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they note
29、d that before certain storms the seas would seem to become static and the winds would drop.But why is it often so calm before a storm? Science has given us the answer. According to US infotainment (资讯娱乐) website How Stuff Works, a calm period occurs because many storms, such as tornadoes and hurrica
30、nes, draw in all the warm and humid air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back do
31、wn to ground level. As the air descends, it becomes warm and dry. Warm, dry air is stable, so once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm.This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs in the center of the s
32、torm because of the strong rotating winds. The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.First, count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. Roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count nine seconds, the stor
33、m is about 3 kilometers away. A good evaluation is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms are preceded by calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and chilli
34、ng winds.So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. Thats the most reliable and sensible way to predict the next display of natures temper.28The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.Aviol
35、entBquietCfast-changingDwarm2.【河北省邯郸市十校联考】Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy, in a breakthrough for any battery-run devices and technologies relying on the fast and reliable sup
36、ply of electricity, including smart phones and tablets. Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtins School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy, low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器). could be of great benefit to
37、 all scientists, engineers and start-ups looking to solving the energy storage challenges of the future. “All electronic devices require an energy source. While a battery needs to be recharged over time, a capacitor can be charged instantly because it stores energy by separating charged ions (离子), f
38、ound in ionic liquids,” Ciampi said. There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of “liquid salt”, and until now, it was difficult to know which would be best suited for use in a capacitor. What our team has done is designing a quick and easy test, able to be performed in a basic lab, whic
39、h can measure both the ability to store charge when a solid electrode touches a given ionic liquida simple capacitoras well as the stability of the device when charged. “The simplicity this test means anyone can apply it without the need for expensive equipment. Using this method, researchers found
40、that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not leak (渗漏) and begin to diminish for at least four days,” Mr Belotti said. The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state and larger energy density.1
41、4What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean？ACharge.BDevelop.CExpand.DDecrease.【词义猜测之猜测短语的意思考点指南】规律方法：常见的设问方式：1.What do the underlined phrase “.” mean in paragraph 2?2Which of the following best explains “.” underlined in paragraph 2?3What do the underlined phrase “.” mean
42、 in paragraph 3?4What do the underlined phrase . refer to in the last paragraph?规律方法2：如何解决猜测短语题?猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。1.2023新高考全国卷CReading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday objectthe book, represented here in almost three hundred art
43、works from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.In this “book of books”, artw
44、orks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and posesab
45、sorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before
46、the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworkstransforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings
47、and sculptures.Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be act
48、ivated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. ()30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Understand.B.Paint.C.Seize.D.Transform.2.【2023年1月浙江卷